Spanish 3GRAMMAR BOOK By Emilia Schuvart

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Imperfect Preterite por y para stressed possessive adjectives and pronouns Ud. + Uds. Commands present subjunctive subjunctive with verbs of will and influence Subjunctive w/verbs of emotion/ doubt,

disbelief and denial conjunctions

Imperfect Ways to use Imperfect

To speak about background events in a story

To talk about something you used to do as a matter of habit

To speak about how old someone was

To say what time it was

-ar cantar Er- tener Ir- salir

Cantaba Tenia Salia

Cantabas Tenias Salias

Cantaba Tenia Salia

Cantabamos Teniamos Saliamos

Cantaban Tenian Salian

Trigger words

Ayer Yesterday

Pasado Last

A noche Last night

Por fin Finally

Inmediatamente Immediatley

Preterite

dar ver

ir ser

hace

r

hacer ver ir/ser

Hice vi fui

Hiciste viste fuiste

Higo ve fue

Hicimos vimos fuimos

hicieron vieron fueron

andar anduve

estar estuve

poder Pud-

poner Pus-

quierer Quis-

saber Sup-

Tener Tuv-

venir Vin-

Trear trej-

Conducir conduj-

Traducir traduj-

STRESSED POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

Possessive adj. show personal relationships or possession. They agree in gender and number with the nouns they describe

Mio(a) Nuestro(a)

Tuyo(a) Vuestro(a)

Suyo(a) Suyo(a)

Possessive long form singular

Mios(as) Nuestros (as)

Tuyos (as) Vuestros (as)

Suyos (as) Suyos (as)

Possessive long form plural

Mi Mis

Tu Tus

Su Sus

UD. + UDS. COMMANDS

Formed the same way as the present subjunctive:1. Start with the yo form of the present indicative.2. drop the -o ending.3. Finally, add the following endings:-ar verbs:-e (for Ud.), -en(Uds)-er and -ir verbs:-a (Ud.), -an (Uds)

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

How to conjugate into present subjunctive:

1. Start with the yo form of the present indicative.

2. drop the -o ending. 3. Finally, add the following endings: -ar verbs:

-e (for Ud.), -en(Uds) -er and -ir verbs:

-a (Ud.), -an (Uds)

The subjunctive isn’t a tense; it is a mood. Tense refers when an action takes place (past, present, future), while mood shows how the speaker feels about the action.

SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF WILL AND INFLUENCE

Alegrarse

Sentir (e:ie)

Soprender

Temer Ojalar Es triste

The infinitive is used when there is no change in subject from the first verb to the secondPresent Subjunctive - desireesperar queinsistir en quemandar quepreferir queprohibir quequerer quees aconsejable quees necesario quepedir querecomendar querogar quesugerir que

SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF EMOTION/ DOUBT, DISBELIEF AND DENIAL

Verbs Translations

Aconsejar To advise

Importar To be important

Insister (en) To insist on

Mandar To order

Prohibir To prohibit

Recomender (e: ie) To recommend

Rogar (o: ue) To beg, to plead

Sugerir (e: ie) To suggest

Subjunctive• Dudar • Negar (e:ie)• Es imposible• Es improbable • No es cierto

Indicative

• No dudar• No negar  • Creer• Estar seguro• Es cierto

Used in a sentence where there are 2 subjects and the main clause shows uncertainty

CONJUNCTIONS Used with conjunctives when a sentence provides

a) a hypothetical situation b) uncertainty about an actionc) unfulfilled condition

When there are gerands, the verb is replaced with subjunctive.

Always Subjunctive

Prepositions > Infinitive•Antes de•Para•Sin

BothA menos queAntes (de) queCon tal (de) queEn caso (de) quePara queSin que

CuandoDespués de que

En cuantoHasta queTan pronto como