grammar book official
TRANSCRIPT
By the Amazing Julio Chukwuka Ogbomoh
1. Nacionalidad
2. Stem changing
3. Para
4. Indirect/Direct Objects
5. Pronoun Placement
6. Gustar
7. Affirmative and Negative words
8. Superlatives
9. Reflexives
10. Affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement
11. Negative tu command + irregulars + pronoun placement
12. Sequencing Events
Cuba Cubano
Uruguay Uruguayo
Paraguay Paraguayo
Puerto Rico Puertorriquno
Panama Panameno
El Salvador Salvadoreno
Honduras Hondureno
Espana Espanol
Guatemala Guatemalteco
Guinea
Ecuatorial
Guineano
La Republica
Dominicana
Dominicano
Nicaragua Nicaraguense
Costa Rica Costarricense
Estados Unidos Norteamericanos
Estdounidense
Venezuela venezolano
Peru peruano
Chile chileano
Colombia colombiano
Bolivia Boliviano
Ecuador Ecuatoriano
Argentina Argentino
Mexico Mexicano
Pedir
e > i
Almorzar
o > e
Pensar
e > ie
Pido
Pides
Pide
Pedimos
Pedis
Piden
Almuerzo
Almuerzas
Almuerza
Almorzamos
Almorzais
Almuerzan
Pienso
Piensas
Piensa
Pensamos
Pensais
Piensan
With a noun or pronoun as object, meaning for the benefit of
or directed to:
Es para usted. It's for you.
Meaning to or in the direction of when referring to a specific
place:
Voy para Europa. I'm heading to Europe.
Meaning by or for when referring to a specific time:
Necesito el regalo para mañana. I need the gift for
tomorrow. Vamos a la casa de mi madre para el fin de semana. We're going to my mother's for the weekend.
Singular Plural
me
Me
nos
Us
te
You (familiar)
os
You (familiar)
le
You (formal), him, her
les
You, them
A Reflexive pronoun is in front of an Indirect
object pronoun, and a Direct object is the last
pronoun in the sentence. If there is an infinitive,
they can be attached but must stay together in
the same order.
Singular Plural
me gusta me gustan
te gusta te gustan
le gusta le gustan
nos gusta nos gustan
os gusta os gustan
les gusta les gustan
When talking about things that people like, change
the form or gustar to match the singular or plural
nouns for those things. In other words, gustar
needs to agree with the object
Affirmatives Negative Words
algo - something Nada - nothing
Alguien - someone Nadie - no one
algun / alguno – some, any ningun / nunguno – none, not
any
Siempre - always Nunca - never
Tambien - also Tampoco - neither, either
isimo
malo > malisimo
isimos
caliente > calientisimos
isima
larga > larguisima
isimas
muchas > muchisimas
c > qu
g > gu
z > c
To express extremes with most adjectives, drop the final vowel and add the ending –isimo(a).
The adjective must agree in gender and number
with the noun it modifies
*When the last consonant is c, g, or z,
spelling changes are required
To describe people doing
things for themselves, use
reflexive verbs. Examples
of reflexive verbs are
brushing one‟s teeth or
combing one‟s hair. These
pronouns are used with
reflexive verbs to indicate
that the subject of the
sentence receives the
action of the verb.
Lavarseto wash oneself
Me lavo Nos lavamos
Te lavas Os lavais
Se lava Se lavan
For affirmative
commands, you drop the
„s‟ and as for the
pronoun placement, the
pronoun can go with an
infinitive, gerund,
before a conjugated
verb, or at the end of an
affirmative command.
Decir > di
Hacer > haz
Ir > ve
Poner > pon
Salir > sal
Ser > sé
Tenir > ten
Venir > ven
For negative
commands, you put the
word into “yo”
form, change the
vowel, and then add an
“s”. As for pronoun
placement, they go with
infinitives, gerunds, and
before a conjugated
verb.
Dar/Decir – No des/digas
Ir – No vayas
Ser – No seas
Hacer – No hagas
Estar – No estes
Saber – No sepas
Tener – No tengas
Venir – No vengas
Primero – first
Entonces – second
Luego/después – after
Por fin – finally
Antes de/después de -
after
Por la
mañana/tarde/noche –
in/ during the…
Los lunes, etc. - days