grammar book 2007
TRANSCRIPT
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Table of Contents Ser- Doctor Ped Que vs. Cual Estar- Helping Gustar Transitions Imperfect Triggers Acabar de + inf Hacer Expressions Verbos Gustar Reflexives
Tú commands Affirmative Negative Irregulars
DOP placement Preterite
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Que vs. CualQue Cual
•Used when asking for definitions •Usually used before “es” and other Ser forms when not seeking a definition
•Used mostly before nouns
•Singular and plural form and the same
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Ser DESCRIPTIONS
Que es?
ORIGIN
De donde eres? Soy de ______.
CHARACTERISTICS
Como es?
TIMEQue hora es?
OCCUPATION
Que hace?
RELATIONSHIPSQuien es?
POSSESIONSDe quien es?
EVENTSCuando/donde es?
DATESQue dia es hoy?
-Soy-Eres-Es-Son-Somos-Sois
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Estar- HELPING Health
Como estas? Bien, mal, regular, enfermo, enferma
Emotions Como estas?
Enojado, triste, cansado, emocionado
Location Donde estas?
En: la casa, la oficina, la escuela
Present Condition Como esta?
Abierto, cerrado, verde, maduro
ING Que estas haciendo?
Jugando, estudiano, cantando, leyendo
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Gustar Me gusta- it pleases me
Te gusta- it pleases you
Le gusta- it pleases him/her/you
Nos gusta- it pleases us
Os gusta- it pleases y’all
Les gusta- it pleases them/you
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Transition Words Tambien- also
Primero- first
Segundo- second
Finally- finalmente
Lastly- por último
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Imperfect
Ir•Iba•Ibas•Iba•Íbamos•Ibais•Iban
Ser•Era•Eras•Era•Éramos•Erais•Eran
Ver•Veía•Veías•Veía•Veíamos•Veíais•Veían
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Triggers Todos los días- everyday A menudo- often A veces- sometimes Siempre- always Cada día- daily Los lunes- Mondays Generalmente- generally Mientras- as De vez en cuando- occacionally Muchas veces- often Frecuentemente- Frequentley
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Acabar+ De+ infinitive Acabo de
Acabas de
Acaba de
Acabamos de
Acaban de
- Ex. Acabo de comer unas hamburguesas y me duele esestómago.
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Hacer Expressions Hace + time + que + conjugated verb
How much time you have been doing something. Ex. Hace trienta y cinco minutos que Paula espera el autobús.
Hay + que + infinitive What needs to be done or what must be
Ex. Hay que estudiar para sacar buenos notas.
Se prohibe + infinitive Se permite + infinitive
Ex. Se prohibe fumar.
Ir + a + infinitive What someone is going to do Conjugate Ir and leave what they are going to do in infinitive form
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Verbos Como Gustan -Fascinar
To be fascinating to
-Faltar To be missing
-Encantar To “love” something
-Importar To be important to
-Interesar To be interesting to
-Doler To hurt
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Reflexivos Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject of the
sentence has performed an action on itself.
When looking them up in the dictionary, they will always end in “arse”, “irse”, or “erse.”
Reflexive Pronoun Conjugation
Me Me peino.
Te Te peinas.
Se Se peina.
Nos Nos peinamos.
Os Os peináis
Se Se peinen.
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Tú Commands Affirmative: Do ____.
Drop the “s”
Habla- Speak!
Negative: Do not ____.
Change to first person (como)
Add an “e” if an –ar verb and
add an “a” if it is an –ir/er verb.
Don’t eat it = No lo comas.
It= lo
Irregular:
Affirmative
Di
Haz
Ve
Pon
Sal
Sé
Ten
Ven
Negative
No digas
No hagas
No vayas
No pongas
No salgas
No seas
No tengas
No vengas
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DOP Placement There are 3 ways to attach DOPs at the end.
Infinitives
Voy a comerlo or I am going to eat it.
Affirmative Commands
Cómelo of Eat it.
You accent the third to last syllable so that the pronunciation stays the same. This is why the o has an accent mark.
Present Progressive
Estoy comiéndolo or I will eat it.
Me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las
Me
Te
Lo
La
Nos
Os
Los
Las
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Pretérito Past tense.
“Snapshot in time.”
Beginning and/or ending.
Completed action.
AR ER/IR
-é -í
-aste -iste
-ó -ió
-amos -imos
-aron -ieron