WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION

WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION GROUP 4ng Th Hoa (TA40B)H Quc Minh (TA40B)Nguyn Th Kim Trang (TA40B)Nguyn Phng Hoa (TA40A)RELATIVE CLAUSES - 2

III. Combine the sentences, using all possible forms of relative clauses

=> Tobacco is a plant of whose large leaves are used for smoking chewing.

2. Three students reports were turned in late. The professor told them he would accept the late papers this time but never again.

=> The professor told the three students whose reports were turned in late that he would accept the late papers this time but never again.

1. Tobacco is a plant. Its large leaves are used for smoking chewing.3. The day care center was established to take care of children. These childrens parents work during the day.=> The day care center was established to take care of children whose parents work during the day.4. Louis knows the woman. She is meeting us at the airport.

=> Louis knows the woman who is meeting us at the airport.5. The man finished the job in four days. I hired him to paint my house.=> The man who I hired to paint my house finished the job in four days.6. I miss seeing the old woman. She used to sell flowers on that street corner.

=> I miss seeing the old woman who used to sell flowers on that street corner.

7. I took a picture of the rainbow. It appeared in the sky after the shower.

=> I took a picture of the rainbow which appeared in the sky after the shower.

8. That is the place. The accident occurred there.

=> I enjoyed talking to the man whom I had dinner with last night.

12. I enjoyed talking to the man. I had dinner with him last night.

=> Most of people whom I have met since I came here have been very friendly.

11. Most of the people have been very friendly. I have met them since I came here.

=> A caf is a small restaurant where people can get a light meal.

10. A caf is a small restaurant. People can get a light meal there.=> There was a time when movies cost a dime.

9. There was a time. Movies cost a dime at that time.

=> That is the place where the accident occurred.

RELATIVE CLAUSES - 3

II. Combine the sentences, using relative clauses=> Tom is proud of his success, much of which has been due to hard work.

4. Tom is proud of his success. Much of it has been due to hard work.

=> Summer is the time of year when the weather is the hottest.

3. Summer is the time of year. The weather is the hottest then.

=> The house where I was born and grew up was destroyed in an earthquake 10 years ago.

2. The house was destroyed in an earthquake 10 years ago. I was born and grew up there.

=> There was a time when dinosaurs dominated the earth.

1. There was a time. Dinosaurs dominated the earth then.

5. She usually came to work late. That upset her boss.

=> Thirty people were killed in the ferry accident, five of whom were members of the crew.

8. Thirty people were killed in the ferry accident. Five of them were members of the crew.

=> I have three brothers, two of whom are professional athletes.

7. I have three brothers. Two of them are professional athletes.

=> He had to borrow some money from me, which I didnt like.

6. He had to borrow some money from me. I didnt like that.

=> She usually came to work late, which upset her boss.

610. The Caspian Sea is fed by eight rivers. It is bounded by the Soviet Union and Iran.=> I spoke to the man whose wife had been admitted to the hospital.

12. The mans wife had been admitted to the hospital. I spoke to him.

=> We live in a small town whose inhabitants are almost friendly and helpful.

11. We live in a small town. Its inhabitants are almost friendly and helpful.

=> The Caspian Sea, which is bounded by the Soviet Union and Iran, is fed by eight rivers.

9. My oldest brother has been a father to me. I lived in his house for six months.

=> My oldest brother, whose house I lived in for six months, has been a father to me.

IV. Find out the mistakes and correct them if necessary=> I showed my father a picture of the car which Im going to buy as soon as I save enough money.

4. I showed my father a picture of the car Im going to buy it as soon as I save enough money.

=> I still remember the man who taught me to play the violin when I was a boy. 3. I still remember the man he taught me to play the violin when I was a boy.

=> I enjoyed the book that you told me to read.2. I enjoyed the book that you told me to read it.

=> In our village there were many people who didnt have much money.

1. In our village there were many people didnt have much money.

=> I dont like to spend time with people who lose their tempers easily.

8. I dont like to spend time with people which loses their tempers easily.

=> My grandfather was a community leader whom everyone in our town admired very much.7. My grandfather was a community leader everyone in our town admired him very much.

=> Almost all of the people who appear on television wear makeup.6. Almost all of the people appear on television wear makeup.=> The woman who I was talking about suddenly walked into the room. I hope she didnt hear me.5. The woman about who I was talking about suddenly walked into the room. I hope she didnt hear me.9=> Larry was very close to his only brother, who was a famous historian.12. Larry was very close to his only brother who was a famous historian.

=> I made an appointment with Dr. Raven, who is considered an expert on eye disorders.11. I made an appointment with Dr. Raven who is considered an expert on eye disorders.=> In one corner of the marketplace, an old man was playing a violin.10. In one corner of the marketplace, an old man who was playing a violin.=> I sit next to a person whose name is Ahmed.9. I sit next to a person who his name is Ahmed.REDUCING RELATIVE CLAUSES An adjective phrase is a reduction of an adjective clause. It modifies a noun. It doesnt contain a subject and verb. The girl who is sitting next to me is Maria.=> The girl sitting next to me is Maria.(Betty Schrampfer Azar (2004), Understanding and using English Grammar 3rd Edition, First News Vietnam, page 290) A relative clause formed with a participle and no relative pronoun is called a reduced relative clause. (George Yule (2006), Advanced Oxford Practice Grammar, Oxford University Press , page 176) We can only reduce adjective clauses that have a subject pronoun - who, which or that to modifying adjective phrases. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.=> The boy playing the piano is Ben. The boy (whom) I saw was Tom.=> (NONE)(Betty Schrampfer Azar (2004), Understanding and using English Grammar 3rd Edition, First News Vietnam, page 290)Reducing an adjective clause / relative clause There are three ways in which an adjective clause can be reduced.1. Omitting the subject pronoun and the be form2. Omitting the subject pronoun and change the verb to its ing form / gerund3. Using infinitives13 1. If the adjective clause contains the be form of a verb, omit the pronoun and the be form. The man who is talking to John is from Korea.=> The man talking to John is from Korea. The ideas which are presented in that book are good.=> The ideas presented in that book are good. (Betty Schrampfer Azar (2004), Understanding and using English Grammar 3rd Edition, First News Vietnam, page 290) Jasmine, which is a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.=> Jasmine, a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places. Two out of three people who are struck by lightning survive.=> Two out of three people struck by lightning survive.(From Mrs. Kieu Huongs exercise Relative clauses 4)2. If there is no be form of a verb in the adjective clause, it is possible to omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to its ing form. English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.=> English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters. Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.=> Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome. (Betty Schrampfer Azar(2004) , Understanding and using English Grammar 3rd Edition, First News Vietnam, page 290) The peoplethe acrobat turn circles in the air were horrified when he missed the outstretched hands of his partner and fell to his death. In the movie, a teenager..... to pursue a singing career meets resistance from his father.A. watchedB. watchC. watchingD. were watchingA. wantsB. wanted C. wantingD. who want (From Mrs. Kieu Huongs exercise Relative clauses 4)3. Replacing the adjective clause with an infinitive He is the last man who leaves the ship.=> He is the last man to leave the ship. She was the only one who understood the lesson.=> She was the only one to understand the lesson. (Thomson & Martinet (2003), A Practical English Grammar - Fourth edition, Oxford university press, page 84) a. Infinitives can be used after the first/second etc. and after the last/only and sometimes after superlatives: Notice that the infinitive here replaces a subject pronoun + verb. It could not be used to replace an object pronoun + verb. the first man that we saw the first man to see If that is the subject of a passive verb, we can replace the clause by a passive infinitive. the first man that was seen = the first man to be seen (Thomson & Martinet (2003), A Practical English Grammar - Fourth edition, Oxford university press, page 84)b. We can also use infinitives when there is an idea of purpose or permission. He has a lot of books that he must read.=> He has a lot of books to read. She had something that she had to do. => She had something to do. (Thomson & Martinet (2003), A Practical English Grammar - Fourth edition, Oxford university press, page 84)201. If the adjective clause requires commas, the adjective phrase also requires commas. George Washington, who was the first president of the United States, was a wealthy colonist and a general in the army. => George Washington, the first president of the United States, was a wealthy colonist and a general in the army. (Betty Schrampfer Azar (2004), Understanding and using English Grammar 3rd Edition, First News Vietnam, page 290)NOTES:2. If an adjective clause that contains be + a single adjective is changed, the adjective is moved to its normal position in front of the noun it modifies. Fruit that is fresh tastes better than old, soft, mushy fruit.=> Fresh fruit tastes better than old, soft, mushy fruit. Fruit fresh tastes better than old, soft, mushy fruit. (Betty Schrampfer Azar (2004), Understanding and using English Grammar 3rd Edition, First News Vietnam, page 290)3. We put not before the participle in negative adjective phrase. My parents, who didnt have much money, never went on holiday. Id prefer shirts which arent made with polyester if you have any. (George Yule (2006), Advanced Oxford Practice Grammar, Oxford University Press , page 176)=> My parents, not having much money, never went on holiday.=> Id prefer shirts not made with polyester if you have any.4. We dont use a participle instead of:There was a sudden bang that woke me up. a verb with a subject that is different from the relative pronounThere are several things that we need from the shop. There are several things needing from the shop. (George Yule (2006), Advanced Oxford Practice Grammar, Oxford University Press , page 176) There was a sudden bang waking me up. a verb that describes a single or sudden actionRELATIVE CLAUSES - 4

I. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence

=> b. standing

5. Have you ever met the man ....... over there? No. Who is he?

=> d. the capital

4. I have always wanted to visit Paris, ........ of France.

=> c. interested

3. The publishers expect that the new biography of Simon Bolivar will be bought by people ......... in Latin American history.

=> b. having

2. The missing mans family is desperately seeking anyone .......... information about his activities or whereabouts.

=> b. known as

1. Florida, ..... the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year.

6. I read about Picasso, ........=> b. a novel published

10. Little Women, ........ in 1868, is my sisters favorite book.

=> c. wanting

9. In the movie, a teenager ......... to pursue a singing career meets resistance from his father.

=> c. who is

8. My grandfather, .......... a wise man, has greatly influenced my life.

=> c. watching

7. The people ........ the acrobat turn circles in the air were horrified when he missed the outstretched hands of his partner and fell to his death.

=> b. a Spanish painter

II. Reduce the relative clauses if possible=> A throne is the chair occupied by a queen, king, or other rulers.

3. A throne is the chair which is occupied by a queen, king, or other rulers.

=> The couple living in the house next door era both college professors.

2. The couple who live in the house next door era both college professors.

=> Jasmine, a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.

1. Jasmine, which is a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.

274. Astronomy, which is the study of planets and stars, is one of the worlds oldest sciences.=> Two out of three people struck by lightning survive.

7. Two out of three people who are struck by lightning survive.

=> Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.

6. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.

=> Only a small fraction of the eggs laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.

5. Only a small fraction of the eggs that are laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.

=> Astronomy, the study of planets and stars, is one of the worlds oldest sciences.

8. Simon Bolivar, who was a great South American general, led the fight for independence in the early 19 century.=> Few tourists ever see a jaguar, a spotted wild cat native to tropical America.

10. Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America.

=> Many people enjoy lemonade, a drink made of lemon juice, water, and sugar.

9. Many people enjoy lemonade, which is a drink that is made of lemon juice, water, and sugar.

=> Simon Bolivar, a great South American general, led the fight for independence in the early 19 century.

=> Of all the inventions having changed the world, the most influential has been that of the motor car.4. Of all the inventions have changed the world, the most influential has been that of the motor car.=> correct3. I think that the children really need a garden to play in.=> Bill, wanting to make an impression on Ann, took her to the most expensive restaurant in town.2. Bill, wanted to make an impression on Ann, took her to the most expensive restaurant in town.=> correct1. She loves parties. Shes always the first to come and the last to leave.III. Correct each of the sentences if necessary=> The printing press developed by Gutenburg changed forever the process of writing.7. The printing press was developed by Gutenburg changed forever the process of writing.

=> Even the simple kite, flown by almost everyone, is an example of applied technology.6. Even the simple kite, flying by almost everyone, is an example of applied technology.=> CDs manufactured in countries employing cheap labor are less expensive but often unreliable.5. CDs manufactured in countries employs cheap labor are less expensive but often unreliable.

=> Passengers travelling on this bus buy their tickets in books.10. Passengers travel on this bus buy their tickets in books.=> Students attending this school have to wear uniform.9. Students attended this school have to wear uniform.

=> Peter, having been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.8. Peter, had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.THANKS FOR YOUR LISTENING !