gpcrs ebook

GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors) are the largest protein family linked to many normal biological as well as pathological conditions. Also known as seven transmembrane (7TM) receptors, the function of GPCRs is highly diverse recognizing a wide range of ligands, including photons, small molecules, and proteins.

Molecular Devices offers a variety of assay and instrument solutions to support studies of GPCR function including assay kits, microplate readers, washers, and handlers as well as cellular screening, and imaging systems.

For more information, visit:www.MolecularDevices.com/GPCRs

Study GPCRs Like a Pro

Study GPCRs Like a Pro eBook ContentsCalcium flux assays ...............................................................2

Ratiometric calcium assay ..................................................3

Detection and quantitation of cAMP/cGMP .................4

GPCR targets in a high content screening environment ............................................................................5

Photina luminescent calcium mobilization assays .....6

Cryopreserved Bacmam Transduced Aequorin Cells ..7

Live cell Gi- and Gs-coupled GPCR second messenger signaling ..............................................................8

GPCRs systems and reagents .............................................9

www.moleculardevices.comwww.moleculardevices.com/GPCRs

Ca2+Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+sensitive

dye

bufferligand binds to

cell-surface receptor

ligand

Signicantly reduceuorescence background

with one-step protocol

Quench-free option for sensitive

targets and multiplexing

Calcium 6 Calcium 6-QF

Increase in cytosolic Ca2+ can be detected by FLIPR or FlexStation Microplate Readers using calcium-sensitive dye indicators

receptor

Ca2+sensitive dye

maskingdye

Active Gq

2www.MolecularDevices.com/GPCRs

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 10

1

2

3

4

5Calcium 6Calcium 6-QFCalcium 5Fluo-4 Direct

4 M Fluo-4W

Ca 6 Ca6-QF Ca 5 Fluo-4 Direct 4 uM Fluo-4WEC50 (nM) 16 17 23 20 21Z @ EC80 0.88 0.84 0.89 0.84 0.71Signal window 4 4.2 2.7 2.3 1.4

Log [carbachol] M

F/

F (m

ax-m

in)

Calcium flux assays FLIPR Calcium Assay Kits apply a unique masking technology to reduce the background fluorescence for detecting intracellular calcium changes in a simple and reliable homogeneous assay format. They deliver pre-optimized, homogeneous, fluorescence-based formulations to expedite assay development and screening of GPCR and ion channel targets.

The kits are validated on the FLIPR Tetra High Throughput Cellular Screening System and the FlexStation 3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader.

Download Collateral CalciumAssayKits

EnhanceYourCalciumScreens

CalciumSignaling

Comparison of FLIPR Calcium 6 Assay Kits to other calcium indicators was measured using agonism of the muscarinic receptor on CHO M1WT3 cells from ATCC. Plates were read on either the FLIPR Tetra System or the FlexStation 3 Microplate Reader.

No wash protocol reduces well-to-well variability, improving assay quality (Z-factor) and reliability (CV %) of high-throughput screens

Universal mix-and-read protocol accelerates assay workflow and increases throughput

Superior signal-to-noise ratio facilitates confirmation of endogenous or transiently transfected receptor activity during assay development

Pre-optimized and validated protocols ensure you can navigate both routine and unconventional cell lines and targets

Assay ready 1321N1 frozen cells, expressing endogenous Histamine 1 receptor were assayed on the FlexStation 3 Microplate Reader. Comparison of histamine receptor response to increasing concentrations of histamine demonstrates that the FLIPR Calcium 6 Assay Kit gives the highest signal window.

FLIPR Calcium 6 Assay Kits provide the largest assay window

Log [histamine] M

Base

line

(%)

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100100

200

300

400

500

4-P Fit: y = (A - D)/( 1 + (x/C)^B ) + D: A B C D R^2

Plot#1 (Competitor: Concentration vs MeanValue) 99.9 1.92 0.629 291 0.997

Plot#2 (Ca5 Histamine: Concentration vs MeanValue) 101 1.48 0.647 321 0.999

Plot#3 (Ca6 Histamine: Concentration vs MeanValue) 104 1.57 2.09 531 1

Plot#4 (Ca6QF Histamine: Concentration vs MeanV... 99 1.46 1.58 389 0.999

Weighting: Fixed

Ca6 Ca6-QF Ca5 Fluo-4 Direct

EC50 (M) 2.1 1.6 0.65 0.63

Signal window 5.2 4 3.2 3

Calcium 6

Calcium 6-QF

Calcium 5

Fluo-4 Direct

Assay ready 1321N1 frozen cells

Increase in cytosolic Ca2+ can be detected by FLIPR or FlexStationMicroplate Readers using calcium-sensitive dye indicators

Calcium 6

Calcium 6-QF

Calcium 5

Fluo-4 Direct

4 M Fluo-4W

Log [carbachol] M

F/

F (m

ax-m

in)

Calcium 6

Calcium 6-QF

Calcium 5

Fluo-4 Direct

Log [histamine] M

Base

line

(%)

Novel fluorophore is more resistant to organic anion exchange protein, such as probenecid (PBX), enabling FLIPR Calcium 6 Assay Kit to produce a stronger signal in the absence of probenecid, while conserving EC50 values and Z-factors at EC80 > 0.5. CHO-M1 cells pictured.

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

Calcium 6 Kit PBX

Calcium 5 Kit PBX

Calcium 6 Kit no PBX

Calcium 5 Kit no PBX

Ca6+PBX Ca6 (no PBX) Ca5+PBX Ca5 (no PBX)

EC 50 (nM) 13 39 14 ND

Z @ EC 80 0.9 0.86 0.92 ND

CHO-M1 cells in media: probenecid comparison

Log [carbachol] M

F/

F (m

ax-m

in)

Anion exchange protein resistance

Calcium 6 Kit PBXCalcium 6 Kit no PBXCalcium 5 Kit PBXCalcium 5 Kit no PBX

Log [carbachol] M

F/

F (m

ax-m

in)

www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRshttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/flipr-calcium-assay-kitshttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-075a/1/-/-/-/-/Data%20Sheet--Calcium%20Assay%20Kits.pdfhttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-05c4/1/-/-/-/-/App%20Highlight--Enhance%20your%20calcium%20screens%20with%20FLIPR%20Calcium%206%20Assay%20Kits.pdfhttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0bc0/1/-/-/-/-/APP%20HIGHLIGHT--Calcium%20signaling%20with%20FLIPR%20Calcium%206%20and%206-QF%20Kits%20on%20the%20FlexStation%203%20Reader.pdf


Ratiometric calcium assay The Fura-2 QBT Calcium Kit is a simple, mix-and-read format that employs our proprietary masking technology with the industry-standard Fura-2 ratiometric calcium indicator to accurately measure Gq-coupled GPCR mediated calcium mobilization. The kit eliminates the cause of data variability and reduces the number of steps compared to conventional wash protocols using Fura-2.

The kit is validated on the FLIPR Tetra High Throughput Cellular Screening System and the FlexStation 3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader.

Download Collateral CalciumAssayKits

HomogenousFura-2CalciumAssay

MeasuringCalciumFluxAssays

See largest Fura-2 signal window available

Eliminate wash artifacts and increase throughput with a homogeneous assay

Minimize the impact of uneven dye loading and leakage on results

Interrogate low-density, weakly or non-adherent cells using a no-wash protocol

Atropine Fura-2 QBT BD Kit Fura-2 Wash

IC50 (nM) 2.4 2.2 3.3

Z @ IC80 0.81 0.53 0.66

Window 1.2 0.75 0.72

Carbachol Fura-2 QBT BD Kit Fura-2 Wash

EC50 (nM) 13 17 19

Z @ EC80 0.7 0.5 0.38

Window 1.1 0.85 0.7

Antagonism of the muscarinic M1receptor on CHO M1 cells

Agonism of the muscarinic M1receptor on CHO M1 cells

340/

380

nm r

atio

(m

ax.-

min

.)

340/

380

nm r

atio

(m

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Log [atropine] MLog [carbachol] M-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1

0.0

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Fura-2 QBT

BD Kit

Fura-2 Wash

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 10.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4Fura-2 QBT

BD Kit

Fura-2 Wash

Antagonism of endogenous H1receptor on HeLa cells

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 20.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Fura-2 QBT

BD Kit

Fura-2 Wash

Pyrilamine Fura-2 QBT BD Kit Fura-2 WashIC50 (nM) 4.7 2.7 1.3

Z @ IC80 0.8 0.49 0.33

Window 1.1 0.52 0.37

Log [pyrilamine] M

340/

380

nm r

atio

(m

ax.-

min

.)

340/

380

nm r

atio

(m

ax.-

min

.)

Agonism of endogenous H1 receptor on HeLa cells

Histamine Fura-2 QBT BD Kit Fura-2 WashEC50 (M) 0.2 0.09 0.3

Z @ EC80 0.72 0.54 0.69

Window 0.77 0.29 0.44

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0Fura-2 QBT

BD Kit

Fura-2 Wash

Log [Histamine] M

The Fura-2 QBT Calcium Kit further enhances the assay by providing a larger signal window, robust Z-factors at EC80 or IC50, and removing assay variability by removing wash steps. The assay was measured using the FLIPR Tetra Instrument with UV LEDs.

Agonism of the muscarinic M1 receptor on CHO M1 cells

Antagonism of the muscarinic M1 receptor on CHO M1 cells

Agonism of endogenous H1 receptor on HeLa cells

Antagonism of endogenous H1 receptor on HeLa cells

The Fura-2 QBT Calcium Kit provides the largest signal window and most robust Z-factors at EC80 or IC50 on the FlexStation 3 Microplate Reader.

www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRshttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/fura-2-qbt-calcium-kithttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0832/1/-/-/-/-/Poster--Fura-2%20QBT%20ratiometric%20calcium%20kit_ELRIG.pdfhttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-075a/1/-/-/-/-/Data%20Sheet--Calcium%20Assay%20Kits.pdfhttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-074a/1/-/-/-/-/App%20Highlight--Fura-2%20QBT%20Calcium%20Kit%3A%20A%20new%20homogenous%20Fura-2%20calcium%20assay.pdf


DetectionandquantitationofcAMP/cGMPThe CatchPoint cAMP and cGMP Fluorescent Assay Kits measure cAMP and cGMP levels, and adenylate cyclase activity via a competitive immunoassay format. The kits high-affinity reagents are optimized for sensitivity and precision in applications where cAMP and cGMP levels are low. A single wash step removes unbound material prior to the development step, so the assays are very resistant to interference from colored or fluorescent test compounds.

The kits are validated on the FlexStation 3, SpectraMax i3, SpectraMax Paradigm and SpectraMax M Series Microplate Readers.

Download Collateral CatchPointcAMPKit

CatchPointcGMPKit

CatchPoint cAMP and cGMP assay principle

The calibration curve for the CatchPoint cAMP Assay Kit was generated on the SpectraMax i3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader. Data were taken 2 hours after addition of Stoplight Red substrate. The EC50 of the cAMP calibration curve was 2.0 nM.

cAMP calibration curve

The calibration curve for the CatchPoint cGMP Assay Kit was generated on the SpectraMax i3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader. Data were taken 2 hours after addition of Stoplight Red substrate. The EC50 of the cGMP calibration curve was 3.3 nM.

cGMP calibration curve

Sensitive detection limit0.1 nM for cAMP kit and 0.2 nM for cGMP kit

Single wash step protocolresistant to interference from colored or fluorescent test compounds, improving reliability of results

Rapid Signal Developmentproprietary Stoplight Red substrate generates a stable and precise readout in only 10 minutes

No Termination StepStoplight Red substrate is fast and stable with a read window out to 24 hours, providing flexible read times without sacrificing data quality

HRP HRP HRP HRP

No cAMP or cGMP maximum HRP activity

Increasing cAMP or cGMP decreasing HRP activity

www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRshttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/catchpoint-camp-fluorescent-assay-kithttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0171/1/-/-/-/-/Data%20Sheet--CatchPoint%20Cyclic-AMP%20Fluorescent%20Assay%20Kit.pdfhttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-09e3/1/-/-/-/-/Data%20Sheet--CatchPoint%20Cyclic-GMP%20Fluorescent%20Assay%20Kit.pdf


GPCRtargetsinahighcontentscreeningenvironment The Transfluor Assay is a cell-based fluorescence assay used to screen G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), ligands, and other potential drugs that regulate GPCRs. By attaching a fluorescent label to beta-arrestin, the location of the receptor-arrestin complex can be monitored. Since desensitization only occurs with an activated receptor, monitoring beta-arrestin translocation and subsequent receptor recycling provides a method to detect the activation of any GPCR. This patented technology provides a powerful functional assay for detecting a compounds activity against known and/or orphan GPCR targets. The Transfluor Assay is optimized for HCS, secondary screening, and lead optimization.

The assay is validated on the ImageXpress Micro and ImageXpress Ultra High-Content Analysis Systems.

Download Collateral TransfluorTechnology

LiveCellKineticsAssayUtilizingtheImageXpressMicroSystem

Works with all GPCRsknown and orphan

Single read out for all GPCRs

No GPCR labeling or tagging

Requires no prior knowledge of interacting G-protein

Eliminates the need for multiple GPCR assays

Ideal for high content screening (HCS) analysis

Validated in over 100 GPCRs (from all classes)

Agonist-independent assay used to verify the translocation of arrestin-GFP in orphan GPCRs.

Orphan GPCR Assay

2AR-expressing cells

Transfluor Assay principle

2AR-expressing cells were stimulated with isoproterenol. Left: control, center: pits, right: vesicles. Transfluor assay imaged with the ImageXpress system.

The Transfluor Assay utilizes the redistribution of beta-arrestin-GFP to monitor GPCR activation and inactivation.

www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRshttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/catchpoint-cgmp-fluorescent-assay-kithttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0176/1/-/-/-/-/Data%20Sheet--Transfluor%20Technology.pdfhttp://info.moleculardevices.com/acton/attachment/2560/f-0d1b/1/-/-/-/-/App%20Protocol--Live%20cell%20kinetics%20assay%20utilizing%20the%20ImageXpress%20Micro%20System.pdf


PhotinaluminescentcalciummobilizationassaysCalcium-activated photoproteins are important tools for detecting receptor-mediated signaling events involving calcium mobilization in mammalian cells. One major advantage of photoproteins is the immediate emission of flash luminescence upon calcium binding to the coelenterazine-photoprotein complex. The background signal of Photina measurements is close to zero, resulting in high signal-to-background ratios. Furthermore, the luminescent light emitted by the oxidation of coelenterazine does not depend on optical excitation, eliminating issues with auto-fluorescence.

This study provides a basic protocol for performing an adherent Photina assay using the FlexStation 3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader and FLIPR Tetra High Throughput Cellular Screening System with ICCD camera. Both instruments were used to determine the concentration response of IMETIT in CHO mito-Photina/H3 cells at various cell concentrations.

DownloadApplicationNote

FLIPRTetraSystem

Flexible HTS/uHTS solution for early identification of lead compounds in the drug discovery process

Available with an aequorin option including a novel ICCD camera technology optimized for use with both fluorescent and luminescent assays

Cell suspension system makes it amenable to both adherent and suspension cell-based assays in 96-, 384- and 1536-well formats

FlexStation3Reader

Permits real-time measurement of fluorescent & luminescent cell-based assays in 96- or 384-well formats

Up to one column of the plate can be monitored simultaneously before, during, and after compound addition

Disposable pipette tips reduces cross-contamination, saving precious reagents

IMETIT Concentration (uM)

RLU

(Max

. - M

in.)

1e-5 1e-4 0.001 0.01 0.1 10

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000CHO-H3 Photina Cell Titration

Agonist response measured with FLIPR Tetra System with ICCD camera option

Agonist response measured with FlexStation 3 System

CHO mito-Photina/H3 cell assay. (5000 ( ), 2500 ( ), 1250 ( ), and 625 ( ) cells/well). FLIPR Tetra System with ICCD camera option added agonist during luminescent read mode. Results are the average of approximately 32 replicates.

IMETIT Concentration (M)

RLU

(Max

.-Min

.)

1e-5 1e-4 0.001 0.01 0.1 10

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000CHO-H3 Photina Cell Titration

CHO mito-Photina/H3 cells were plated at varying cell concentrations (5000 ( ), 2500 ( ), 1250 ( ), and 625 ( ) cells/well) in 384-well, black-wall, clear-bottom plates. The FlexStation 3 System added agonist during real-time luminescent detection. Results are the average of approximately 16 replicates.

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CryopreservedBacmamTransducedAequorinCellsAequorin is a photo-sensitive protein that emits luminescent light in response to calcium. Cryopreserved cells as reagents in Aequorin based calcium flux assays decouples the tissue culture process from high throughput screening while improving overall assay performance. The need for culturing cells in plates is eliminated.

This study demonstrates performance of cryopreserved Bacmam transduced Aequorin cells in 384- well and 1536-well formats. Combined with the FLIPR Tetra High Throughput Cellular Screening System equipped with Aequorin options, cryopreserved cells are a powerful tool in the identification of lead compounds in drug discovery.

Download Poster

Cryopreserved Bacmam transduced Aequorin cell lines can be used to produce robust assay results in both 384-well and 1536-well formats on the FLIPR Tetra System with Aequorin options

Aequorin-based suspension assays with frozen cells demonstrate both instrument and cell performance during extended assays without significant shift in EC50 or Z factor

The EC50 values remain within one half log of expected results and there is little reduction in signal intensity over time

In a 384-well plate, frozen Bacmam Transduced Aequorin Cells were titrated against a CRC of target agonist. In this assay, cells were pre-plated in suspension prior to addition of compound.

Z factor over time during Bacmam Aequorin Suspension Cell Assays

Cell Titration and CRC Assay measured with FLIPR Tetra System

Recording of whole plate Z factor during extended plate screening assays. 384-well plates contained 22 columns of EC80 reference compound and 2 columns of negative controls. Average Z factor = 0.7.

Change in RLU over time during six hour 384-well suspension cell experiment. Cells were added at 2,500/well.

Change in signal over time during Bacmam Aequorin Suspension Cell Assays

RLU

(max

-min

)

Z F

acto

r

[Agonist] nM Time (min)

Time (min)

RLU

(AUC

)

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Live cell Gi-andGs-coupledGPCRsecondmessengersignalingDetection of Gi- and Gs-coupled GPCR second messenger signal activity has been traditionally accomplished using assays such as radioactive binding or endpoint cAMP assays that require cell lysis. Such assays measure activity at a single time point in the cellular response and do not provide kinetic information. Another option utilizes forced-coupling of Gi- and Gs-GPCRs to G16 followed by fluorescence detection of calcium flux upon agonist receptor activation. Again, this assay is sub-optimal as it does not signal through the biorelevant cAMP pathway.

In this study we demonstrate endogenous receptor activity in CHO-K1 and HEK-293 cell lines stably expressing the GloSensor plasmid using the FLIPR Tetra High Throughput Cellular Screening System.

DownloadApplicationProtocol

GloSensor cAMP Assay is demonstrated on the FLIPR Tetra System as a live cell HTS screening application for Gi- and Gs- coupled GPCRs

Use of the FLIPR Tetra System with GloSensor cAMP Assay enables kinetic measurement of Gi- and Gs-coupled receptor signaling not possible using endpoint assays on standard plate readers

Assay development flexibility using GloSensor cAMP cell lines and plasmids transfected in endogenous as well as stably transfected receptor cell lines

Gi-coupled GPCR receptor agonism results in a reduction in signal correlated with reduction in cAMP inside the cell. Baseline increase in cAMP activity was induced by the addition of forskolin. Using stable P2Y receptor in CHO-K1 cells, we compared results upon addition of forskolin either before or after the agonist. 10 M forskolin addition followed 15 minutes later by addition of agonist Peptide YY(3-36) on the FLIPR Tetra System.

HEK-293 cells over expressing Gi-coupled D4 receptorGi-coupled agonsim

HEK-293 cells over expressing Gi-coupled dopamine D4 receptor from Multispan, Inc. were transiently transfectd with GloSensor cAMP-22F plasmid. Ligand was added on-line to the wells, followed by 5 minute incubation. Continuing the assay, FLIPR Tetra System added 10 M forskolin to stimulate cAMP production in the cell. Inhibition of forskolin mediated cAMP production by Dopamine.

Transient transfection of GloSensor cAMP-22F and endogenous Gs-coupled cAMP response in HEK 293 cells. (A) Response to isoproterenol and (B) inhibition of the response to 100 nM isoproterenol by propranolol. Results are comparable to those obtained from the experiment performed with the stable GloSensor HEK-22F cell line.

Gs-coupled GPCR agonist and antagonist

Log [Peptide YY(3-36)] M

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20000

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(max

-min

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Log [Isoproterenol] M

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Log [Propranolol] M

A B

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FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES. The trademarks used herein are the property of Molecular Devices, LLC or their respective owners. 2014 Molecular Devices, LLC | 10/14 Version 1 | Patents: www.moleculardevices.com/patents

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FLIPRTetraHighThroughputCellular ScreeningSystem

GPCRsSystemsandReagentsFordetailedinformation,selecttheimagesortext.

www.MolecularDevices.com/GPCRs 9

FlexStation3Multi-ModeMicroplateReader

Reagents

FLIPRCalciumAssayKits

Fura-2QBTCalciumKit

CatchPointcAMPFluorescentAssayKit

CatchPointcGMPFluorescentAssayKit

SpectraMaxi3Multi-ModeMicroplateReader

SpectraMaxParadigmMulti-ModeMicroplateReader

Reagents

CatchPointcAMPFluorescentAssayKit

CatchPointcGMPFluorescentAssayKit

SpectraMaxMSeriesMulti-ModeMicroplateReader

ImageXpressMicroXLSWidefieldHigh-Content

AnalysisSystem

ImageXpressUltraConfocalHigh-ContentAnalysisSystem

Reagent

TransfluorAssay

www.moleculardevices.com/GPCRswww.moleculardevices.comhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/microplate-readers/multi-mode-readers/spectramax-i3-multi-mode-detection-platformhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/microplate-readers/multi-mode-readers/spectramax-m-series-multi-mode-microplate-readershttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/microplate-readers/multi-mode-readers/spectramax-paradigm-multi-mode-microplate-readerhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/microplate-readers/multi-mode-readers/flexstation-3-multi-mode-microplate-readerhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/flipr-calcium-assay-kitshttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/fura-2-qbt-calcium-kithttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/catchpoint-camp-fluorescent-assay-kithttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/catchpoint-camp-fluorescent-assay-kithttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/catchpoint-cgmp-fluorescent-assay-kithttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/catchpoint-cgmp-fluorescent-assay-kithttp://www.moleculardevices.com/reagents-supplies/assay-kits/gpcr-assays/transfluor-assayhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/flipr-tetra-high-throughput-cellular-screening-systemhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/high-content-imaging/imagexpress-ultra-confocal-high-content-analysis-systemhttp://www.moleculardevices.com/systems/high-content-imaging/imagexpress-micro-xls-widefield-high-content-analysis-system

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