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TURBO MACHINARY CONTROL

PREPARED BY

SUPRIYANA

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Type Dasar Turbine :

Impulse/ Back Pressure Turbine

Reaction Turbine

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REACTION TURBINE

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IMPULSE TURBINE

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KLASIFIKASI TURBINE

1. Single Casing Vs Compound Casing (Tandem)

2. Condensing Vs Non Condensing

3. Extraction Vs Non Extraction

4. Reheat Vs Non Reheat

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CONTOH VARIASI

GAMBAR-GAMBAR TURBINE

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CONDENSING TURBINE EXTRACTION-ADMISSION

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BACK PRESSURE TURBINE EXTRACTION-ADMISSION

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BACK PRESSURE TURBINE 2 CASING

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BACK PRESSURE TURBINE

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BACK PRESSURE TURBINE TWO EXTRACTION

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FULL CONDENSING

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CONDENSING TURBINE TWO CASING

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CONDENSING TURBINE DOUBLE EXRACTION

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TANDEM COMPOUND TWO FLOW REHEAT STEAM CONDENSING TURBINE

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CONDENSING TURBINE & CONTROLPARTS

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STEAM VALVE PARTs

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CONTROL TURBINE GOVERNOR VALVE SPEED SENSOR SPEED CONTROLLER

PROTEKSI TURBINE MAIN STOP VALVE/ TTV MECHANICAL OVER SPEED BOLT MECHANICAL OST DIGITAL

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KOMPONEN GOVERNOR CONTROL

04/13/23 20ELECTRONIK GOVERNOR CONTROL

ELECTRONIK GOVERNOR CONTROLELECTRONIK GOVERNOR CONTROL

04/13/23 21MECHANICAL GOVERNOR CONTROL

MECHANICAL GOVERNOR CONTROL (CONTROLLER = PNEUMATICMECHANICAL GOVERNOR CONTROL (CONTROLLER = PNEUMATIC

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BENTUK-BENTUK MECHANICAL GOVERNOR

04/13/23 23MECHANIKAL GOVERNORMECHANIKAL GOVERNOR

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Peralatan Pada Turbine Yang dipakai untuk mengatur kecepatan secara otomatis dan atau membatasi kecepatan turbine.

Peralatan untuk mengatur konsumsi energi papa turbine.

Sensor Dasar Governor adalah Sensor Kecepatan putar (speed) atau kadang beban dipakai untuk mengatur energy masukan.

Control Driver Bisa Pneumatic ataupun Electronik

JADI APAKAH GOVERNOR ITU ??

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PADA JALAN YANG RATA

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PADA BEBAN YANG TETAP

Sopir Mengontrol Governor Rambu Kecepatan Max sebagai

setting Speed Jika Spedometer = Angka di

rambu maka sopir menahan pedal gas pada kondisi tetap

Bensin Yang terpakai adalah tetap sampai ada perubahan kecepatan.

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PADA TANJAKAN

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PADA BEBAN NAIK / TANJAKAN Beban Mobil Naik, Kecepatan Turun Kecepatan dibawah Keinginan Sopir Sopir menginjak Pedal gas sehingga

kecepatan mobil sesuai dengan setting/rambu kecepatan

Sebelum Kecepatan melebihi rambu sopir mengurangi tekanan pedal gas agar mobil tidak melaju melebihi kecepatan yang di ijinkan

Pada saat ini mobil membutuhkan lebih banyak bahan bakar untuk bertahan pada speed sesuai rambu.

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PADA TURUNAN

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Mobil Menuruni Bukit maka beban turun dan kecepatan mobil naik

Kecepatan melebihi batas yang di anjurkan

Sopir mengurangi tekanan pada pedal gas untuk mengurangi tekanan agar sama dengan speed yang di inginkan

Sebelum kecepatan turun terus sopir menginjak kembali pedal gas dan kecepatan bertahan pada nilai setting

Pemakaian bahan bakar turun pada beban turum.

PADA BEBAN TURUN / TURUNAN

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CLOSED LOOP

ACTUAL SPEEDOR LOAD

DESIRED SPEED ORLOAD REFFERENCE

CONTROL OFTHE ENERGY

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Sama seperti pengemudi mobil Secara Otomatis Mengatur Bahan BAkar

untuk menjaga kecepatan/Load Dengan Gambaran Loop tertutup dan

adanya speed feedback maka kecepatan/beban turbine selalu di jaga pada setting (level) tertentu

Jika Peremeter Speed berubah akan mempengaruhi loop dan perubahan secara otomatis di koreksi

JADI FUNGSI GOVERNOR ADALAH

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BAGAIMANA MENGUKUR KECEPATAN TURBINE?

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PENGUKURAN SPEED

Magnetic Pick-up Speed Probe Target Theet Wheel Output Frequency

MPU HERTZ

= (No Of Teeth * Gear RPM) / 60

KOMPONEN :

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PENGUKURAN SPEEDM

PU

HE

RT

Z

= (N

o Of T

eeth * G

ear RP

M) / 60

MP

U H

ER

TZ

=

(No O

f Teeth

* Gear R

PM

) / 60Magnetic Pick Up (MPU)Magnetic Pick Up (MPU)

Proximoty ProbeProximoty Probe

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KLASIFIKASI PROBE• ACTIVE PROBE (Dengan Power)• PASSIVE PROBE (Tanpa Power)• Pick-up Probe• Proximity Probe

Probe Yang Banyak Dipakai :• Magnetic Pick Up Probe• Hall Effect Magnetic Pick Up• Proximity Probe ( Untuk Speed Rendah)

Tahanan Probe Berkisar 200 Ohm (Airpax) Jarak Probe dengan Target antara

0.6-1mm (Airpax)

PENGUKURAN SPEED

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MECHANICAL GOVERNOR

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STEAM VALVE & ACTUATOR

Bagian Dari Governor (Yang mengatur besar kecilnya tenaga (Uap)

Terdiri Dari Steam Valve dan Valve Actuator

Digerakkan Oleh HP Servo Actuator sytem atau LP Servo Actuator.

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STEAM VALVE

04/13/23 40STEAM VALVE & VALVE ACTUATORSTEAM VALVE & VALVE ACTUATOR

VALVE ACTUATORVALVE ACTUATOR

STAEM VALVESTAEM VALVE

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STEAM VALVE & VALVE ACTUATOR

VALVE ACTUATORVALVE ACTUATOR

04/13/23 42LP SERVO ACTUATORLP SERVO ACTUATOR

Controlled By

Mechanical Governor

Controlled By

Electronic Governor

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HP SERVO ACTUATOR HP SERVO ACTUATOR

HP HYDRAULIC SERVO VALVEHP HYDRAULIC SERVO VALVE

SERVO MANIFOLDSERVO MANIFOLD

SWYTCHABLE FILTERSWYTCHABLE FILTER

HP HYDRAULIC SERVO MOTORHP HYDRAULIC SERVO MOTOR

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CARA KERJA SERVO VALVE

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LVDT & RVDT Singkatan Linear Variable Defferensiat

Transformer (LVDT), Rotary Variable Defferensial Transformer.

Dipakai Sebagai Feedback Posisi actuator Governor

Cara Kerja adalah seperti Transformer : Batang Di tengah Diff Volt = 0 Volt Rms Batang Tidak di tengan Diff Volt > 0 Volt Rms

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CONTOH GAMBAR GOVERNOR CONTROLLER EXTRACTION TURBINECONTOH GAMBAR GOVERNOR CONTROLLER EXTRACTION TURBINE

Mechanical Governor Control

Electronic Governor Control

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SPEED CONTROLLER Pneumatic PID Controller Stand Alone Electronic Controller Advance Controller :

Woodward Governor Control 505, 5009, FT-5000, 501, Micronet

General Electric Mark II, Mark V

CCC Series 3, 4, 5, reliant dll

dll

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PROTEKSI TURBINE Main Stop Valve/ Trip Throtle Valve

Dipakai untuk menutup bahan bakar (steam) secara cepat dengan hydroulic trip system

Mechanical Over Speed Trip Dipakai untuk melindungi turbine jika proteksi

elektrical tidak bisa bekerja.

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JENIS-JENIS COMPRESSOR

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT Reciprocating Compressor Screw Compressor Lobe Compressor Sliding Vane Compressor

DYNAMIC Axial Flow Compressor Centrifigal Flow Compressor

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BODY DYNAMIC COMPRESSOR

Horizontal Split Compressor Barrel Type Compressor Bull Gear Compressor

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SCREW COMPRESSOR

Add a strong statement that summarizes how you feel or think about this topic

Summarize key points you want your audience to remember

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LOBE COMPRESSOR

Add a strong statement that summarizes how you feel or think about this topic

Summarize key points you want your audience to remember

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VANE COMPRESSOR

Add a strong statement that summarizes how you feel or think about this topic

Summarize key points you want your audience to remember

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BULLGEAR

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Horizontal Split

Summarize any actions required of your audience

Summarize any follow up action items required of you

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BARREL TYPEBARREL TYPE

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Summarize any actions required of your audience

Summarize any follow up action items required of you

BARREL TYPE

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BARREL TYPE

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CENTRIFUGAL

Summarize any actions required of your audience

Summarize any follow up action items required of you

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RECIPROCATING COMPRSSOR

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PENGGERAK COMPRESSOR(PRIME MOVER)

TURBINE (Gas, Uap)

MOTOR

DIESEL

MESIN OTOMOTIF

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CONTROL & PROTEKSI COMPRESSOR

SURGE CONTROLLER

PERFORMANCE CONTROLLER

AXIAL & VIBRATION MONITORING

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ANTI SURGE CONTROLLER

FUNGSI MENGHINDARKAN COMPRESSOR DARI SURGING

LOOP TERDIRI DARI SETIDAKNYA FLOW TRANSMITTER, PRESSURE TRANSMITTER, CONTROLLER, dan CONTROL VALVE

REAKSI CONTROLLER SANGAT CEPAT

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APAKAH SURGING ITU ???

Pv

Pd

Mesin MatiTak Ada Flow, & Press

AB

C D

PRESS

FLOW

RECORD FLOW

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APAKAH SURGING ITU ???

ANTISURGE VALVEANTISURGE VALVE

ANTISURGE CONTROLLERANTISURGE CONTROLLER

PERFORMANCE CONTROLLERPERFORMANCE CONTROLLER

ANTI SURGE CONTROLLER

PERFORMANCE CONTOLLER

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ANTISURGE VALVERECYCLE VALVE

BLOW OFF VALVE

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ANTISURGE VALVE RECOMENDATION

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APAKAH SURGING ITU ???

Terjadinya Reverse Flow

Muncul Vibrasi Pada Compressor

Rotor terdorong ke arah axial

Dapat menyebabkan kerusakan kompressor

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APAKAH SURGING ITU ???

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CONTOH GRAFIK SURGING

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CONTOH GRAFIK SURGING

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GAS TURBINE

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GAS TURBINE

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GAS TURBINE

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TERIMA KASIH