government of nepal · bajura recorded the highest 24 hour rainfall of 76.6 mm on 19th january with...
TRANSCRIPT
Government of Nepal Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal
PRELIMINARY WEATHER SUMMARY OF NEPAL
January 2013
MAIN HIGHLIGHT
Large parts of the country remained warmer than normal. Western parts received more rainfall than the
eastern parts.
Fog and cold wave gripped the southern plains (Terai) of Nepal until third week with spatial and temporal
variation in severity (Images 1 & 2).
SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:
Weather systems and rainfall activities over Nepal in January were mainly affected by western disturbances
(WDs) as upper air troughs and upper air cyclonic circulations (UACCs). Though many western disturbances as
upper air troughs influenced north Pakistan & adjoining Jammu & Kashmir and western Himalayan region,
only one of them in third week influenced the weather systems over Nepal and produced some rainfall
mainly in the western parts of the country which contributed to the overall January rainfall.
Along with WD, three UACCs in the first three weeks also affected the weather over Nepal.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION:
Western half of the country received more rainfall than eastern half. Least rainfall (below 20 mm) was
received in Eastern Region (ER), Central Region (CR) and some parts in Western Region (WR) and Mid
Western Region (MWR) (Figure 1). Most parts of the ER, CR and southern parts of WR and (MWR) remained
drier than normal. Bajura recorded the highest 24 hour rainfall of 76.6 mm on 19th January with the highest
monthly total rainfall of 135.0 mm. Jumla received the highest percent of rainfall 352.8 % (100.3mm). Rainfall
was received only on 18th and 19th of the month.
TEMPERATURE PATTERN:
Large parts of the country remained warmer than normal during this month. Mean temperature was
however below 1 °C in most of southern parts of Tarai region because of the cold wave condition associated
with fog, whereas northern parts of the country remained warmer than normal along with some of the
isolated patches in the southern parts of WR and MWR (Figure 4) warming by more than 1 °C.Tansen, in the
WR recorded the highest positive temperature anomaly of 1.9 °C whereas Taulihawa, in the WR recorded the
highest negative temperature anomaly of -2.6 °C. The mean temperature in January varied between less than
6 °C in the northern parts of Mid-western region and adjoining parts of Western Region to above 18.0 °C in
the southeastern parts of Eastern Region in Dharan bazar. (Figure 3, Table 1). The highest maximum
temperature of 31.2 °C was recorded in Surkhet on 22nd January while the lowest minimum temperature of –
10.1 °C was recorded in Jumla on 8th January. The intermittent fog episode which started from the mid of the
second week of December 2012 in the southern Terai plains lasted until third week of January 2013 (Figure 5,
Image 1, Image 2). However, fog episode was variable on tempo-spatial scale. Due to the cold wave condition
associated with the fog, the day time maximum temperature in the affected areas plummeted down by more
than 10 °C and even up to 13 °C (on 8th January in Simara) than normal (Figure 6). Minimum temperature also
plummeted upto -6.9°C than normal in Biratnagar on 9th January. Fog covered the whole Terai Region on 8th
January. Fog episode was relatively more intense this year than in 2012.
The preliminary weather data for January 2012 is presented in Table 1.
Image 1 Image 2
Image 1: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing Indian subcontinent on date 8th January 2013, 4:30z
Image 2: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing north east sector of Indian subcontinent on date 8th
January 2013, 4:30z
Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 %
Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C
27
28
29
30
Dadeldhura
Dhangadhi
Jumla
Surkhet
Nepalgunj Dang
Bhairahawa
Pokhara
Simara
Kathmandu
Okhaldhunga
Dhankuta
Biratnagar
Taplejung
Dipayal
-5 20 45 70 95 120
Bajura
0
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88
27
28
29
30
Dadeldhura
Dhangadhi
Jumla
Surkhet
Nepalgunj Dang
Bhairahawa
Pokhara
Simara
Kathmandu
Okhaldhunga
Dhankuta
Biratnagar
Taplejung
Dipayal
-2.8 -1.8 -0.8 -0.2 0.2 1.2
27
28
29
30
Dadeldhura
Dhangadhi
Jumla
Surkhet
Nepalgunj Dang
Bhairahawa
Pokhara
Simara
Kathmandu
Okhaldhunga
Dhankuta
Biratnagar
Taplejung
Dipayal
-20 50 90 100 110 190 260 3300
Fig.1: Total Precipitation (mm) January 2013
Fig.2: Percentage of Normal Precipitation(%) January 2013
Fig.3: MeanTemperature(°C) January 2013
Fig.4:Departure of Mean Temperature from Normal(°C) January 2013
Eastern
Central
Western
Mid-western
Far-western
27
28
29
30
Dadeldhura
Dhangadhi
Jumla
Surkhet
Nepalgunj Dang
Bhairahawa
Pokhara
Simara
Kathmandu
Okhaldhunga
Dhankuta
Biratnagar
Taplejung
Dipayal
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Figure 5: Temperature anomaly during January, 2013 in (a) Dhangadhi (b) Bhairahawa (c) Simara and (d)
Biratnagar Airport.
Temperature Monitoring in Terai Region
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
6-J
an
11-J
an
16-J
an
21-J
an
26-J
an
31-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Dhangadhi
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
6-J
an
11-J
an
16-J
an
21-J
an
26-J
an
31-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
6-J
an
11-J
an
16-J
an
21-J
an
26-J
an
31-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Simara
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
6-J
an
11-J
an
16-J
an
21-J
an
26-J
an
31-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Simara
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
5-J
an
9-J
an
13-J
an
17-J
an
21-J
an
25-J
an
29-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Biratnagar
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
6-J
an
11-J
an
16-J
an
21-J
an
26-J
an
31-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Biratnagar
Dhangadhi
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
6-J
an
11-J
an
16-J
an
21-J
an
26-J
an
31-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
6-J
an
11-J
an
16-J
an
21-J
an
26-J
an
31-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
Table 1
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
DADELDHURA 113.2 264.4 2 2 2 1 68.3/19 15.3 1.3 18.2/30 3.0 -1.1 0/7 10.0 1.0
SUNDARPUR 58.5 208.1 2 2 2 0 29.5/18 M M M M M M M M
DARCHULA 77.2 166.5 4 2 2 0 40.6/19 20.0 1.1 23.5/31 3.7 -1.0 0.6/8 12.8 0.9
CHAINPUR(WEST) 116.7 237.1 2 2 2 1 72.2/19 19.0 0.7 22.2/13 1.7 -1.7 -1.2/8 11.5 0.7
BAJURA 135.0 233.6 2 2 2 2 76.6/19 16.0 - 18.5/15 1.3 1.3 -1.5/8 10.0 -
DHANGADHI 53.4 187.9 2 2 1 0 33.1/19 17.6 -3.2 25.7/17 7.0 -0.1 0.5/10 11.9 -2.1
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 98.6 256.2 3 2 2 1 54.2/19 22.1 -0.1 26.4/17 4.2 -0.6 0.2/8 14.6 1.0
JUMLA 100.3 352.8 2 2 2 1 51.2/18 14.7 0.8 19.5/1 -6.3 -1.3 -10.1/8 5.2 0.8
SURKHET 44.1 128.4 2 2 1 0 28.7/19 22.7 2.9 31.2/22 4.0 -1.4 -0.7/9 14.3 1.7
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 3.6 12.3 1 0 0 3.6/18 18.3 -1.4 26.2/30 6.8 -0.9 -0.3/9 12.3 -1.4
LIBANG GAUN 5.3 17.8 2 0 0 0 3.1/18 17.7 - 21.5/17 7.4 7.4 3.5/1 14.1 -
CHAUR JHARI TAR 37.0 110.2 2 1 1 0 32.4/19 17.8 -2.8 21.2/31 5.4 0.1 2.4/10 11.6 -1.3
GHORAI (DANG) 8.6 30.8 2 0 0 0 4.6/18 21.1 1.1 25.5/17 4.8 -1.1 1/8 14.1 1.1
JOMSOM 10.5 142.8 1 1 0 0 10.5/19 10.4 -0.3 14.5/11 -2.3 -0.1 -6.4/10 4.9 0.7
BAGLUNG M M M M M M M 19.6 -1.9 22.1/29 4.8 -1.7 1.7/11 13.4 -0.6
BENI BAZAR 27.9 185.0 2 1 0 0 22.2/19 20.4 0.2 23/20 5.9 -0.7 3/10 14.5 1.1
KUSHMA M M M M M M M 22.1 1.2 24.5/17 4.7 -2.7 0.5/3 14.2 0.1
TANSEN M M M M M M M 19.5 1.9 22.5/30 7.2 -0.5 3.8/10 14.5 1.9
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 17.4 98.2 2 1 0 0 15/19 17.9 -3.1 24.9/18 7.6 -1.2 2.8/10 13.0 -2.0
TAULIHAWA M M M M M M M 17.9 -3.8 25.2/31 6.9 -2.0 1.7/10 12.7 -2.6
TAMGHAS M M M M M M M 14.7 -0.5 20/17 4.0 -0.6 1.5/10 10.1 0.2
KHUDI BAZAR 28.9 112.6 3 1 0 0 21.8/19 21.1 1.0 24.5/29 6.4 -0.2 2.5/6 15.2 1.8
POKHARA AIRPORT 17.6 76.1 3 1 0 0 14.6/19 20.1 0.4 22.8/29 6.2 -0.9 2.4/10 13.9 0.5
SYANGJA 22.8 103.8 3 1 0 0 19.5/19 20.4 0.3 23.4/31 4.8 -1.3 0.5/10 13.3 0.2
GORKHA 13.8 62.6 1 1 0 0 13.5/19 21.2 2.1 24.2/29 6.7 -1.6 2/9 14.6 1.0
LUMLE 37.8 116.5 2 1 1 0 34.4/19 M M M M M M M M
KHAIRINI TAR 14.9 74.6 2 1 0 0 11/19 22.5 1.1 25.9/31 6.3 -2.0 1.4/10 13.9 -0.9
SIMARA AIRPORT 4.2 29.1 1 0 0 0 4.2/19 20.6 -0.9 27.5/4 5.6 -2.2 2/6 12.6 -2.1
GODAVARI 16.3 85.7 1 1 0 0 16.3/19 17.6 2.3 20.8/17 0.5 -2.7 -3.1/9 10.1 0.8
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 11.5 80.0 1 1 0 0 11.3/19 18.9 -0.2 25/31 1.6 -0.8 -2/9 11.2 -1.7
JIRI 10.5 89.9 1 1 0 0 10.5/19 14.5 0.3 19.2/17 -2.2 -0.6 -5.7/8 6.8 0.4
SINDHULI GADHI* 2.2 13.2 1 0 0 0 2.2/19 23.1 1.8 25.5/30 6.5 -1.4 4/26 15.1 0.4
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 10.5 89.9 1 1 0 0 10.5/19 19.9 -2.3 27/2 7.3 -1.8 0.5/9 13.2 -2.4
OKHALDHUNGA 7.2 61.7 1 0 0 0 7.2/19 16.7 1.7 20.2/18 2.6 -3.1 -1.5/8 10.0 -0.4
LAHAN M M M M M M M 21.9 -0.5 26.5/21 7.2 -2.2 2.2/9 14.7 -1.2
RAJBIRAJ M M M M M M M 20.1 -3.8 25/2 8.4 -1.4 2/9 14.8 -2.0
CHAINPUR (EAST) 4.2 34.6 1 0 0 0 4.2/19 19.3 1.0 21/30 4.7 -2.3 2.2/9 12.5 -0.2
DHANKUTA 8.6 114.7 1 0 0 0 8.6/19 21.1 3.3 24.2/18 5.7 -1.4 2.5/9 14.0 1.6
DHARAN BAZAR 5.5 43.8 1 0 0 0 5.5/19 22.5 - 26.8/18 11.2 - 4.1/9 18.3 -
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 18.0 153.4 1 1 0 0 18/19 22.0 -0.7 27.6/2 7.5 -1.4 2/9 15.0 -0.8
TAPLEJUNG 7.7 41.8 1 0 0 0 7.7/19 15.8 1.8 22.2/12 2.6 -1.6 0/7 9.5 0.4
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) M M M M M M M 22.0 2.6 24.7/18 6.6 -0.1 4.3/9 14.8 1.7
Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available * = Rainfall station
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
Month,year
Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.
TEMPERATURE
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C ) Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
Stations
PRECIPITATION
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al