government and law.pptx
TRANSCRIPT
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Government
and Law
Trixie C. Pepito
BS Accountancy 3
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Government and Law
Defnition and Nature o
Poitic! and Government
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Poitic!
" a! on# a! we need to $ave !ome!ocia or#ani%ation& we need#overnment and P'L(T(CS i! preci!ey
t$e )t$eory& art& and practice o t$e#overnment.*
+e need peope w$o wi ,e ve!ted wit$aut$ority to exerci!e power and a!!umere!pon!i,iity over t$e #overnance o!ociety.
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(n it! more preci!e !en!e&
poitic! mean! t$e practice o !tatecrator o #overnin# a country.
(n countrie! w$ere #overnment rue! we ort$e common weare o it! citi%en!& poitic! i!-nown a! STATS/ANS0(P.
(n pace! a1icted wit$ incompetent andcorrupt eader!& poitic! i! ,etter -nown a!D/AG'G24.
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Poitica in!titution!
are !ocieta arran#ement! or5
e#i!atin# and enorcin# aw! 6Con#re!!78
and
providin# or !ocia !ervice! i-e education6Depd7& pu,ic $eat$ and weare 6D'07&
di!tri,utin# pu,ic und! 6DB/7& coectin#taxe! 6B(7& conductin# orei#n a9air! 6D:A7&and decidin# on i!!ue! o war and peace6A:P& PNP& etc.7
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A State i!"
a !tructure t$at $a! t$e e#a aut$ority or ri#$tto ma-e rue! t$at are ,indin# over a #ivenpopuation wit$in a #iven territory.
(t po!!e!!e! !overei#nty ; t$at i!& it $a! t$epower to ma-e deci!ion! t$at cannot ,eoverrued ,y any ot$er ,ody.
(t $a! perpetua exi!tence a! on# a! it! our6
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Government
i! an e!!entia eement o t$e !tate.
T$e oten=>uoted Pream,e o t$e P$iippine
Con!titution !um! up t$e purposes ofgovernmenta!5
)to promote t$e common #ood& con!erveand deveop our patrimony& and !ecure toour!eve! and our po!terity t$e ,e!!in#! oindependence and democracy.*
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Government! are"
empowered to e!ta,i!$ and re#uate t$einterreation!$ip! o t$e peope wit$in t$eirterritoria confne!& t$e reation! o t$e peopewit$ ot$er poitica entitie!.
A con!e>uence o t$i! i! t$e mora ri#$t o t$e#overnment to promu#ate aw! and tore!train& puni!$ or even eiminate individua!
t$at t$reaten t$e exi!tence o !ociety. T$i! i!t$e police power o t$e #overnment.
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T$e #overnment a!o$a!" t$e ri#$t to exact taxesrom peope and
propertie! in it! territory to carry out t$eunction! o #overnment.
Li-ewi!e& it can expropriate private propertyor pu,ic purpo!e upon payment o ?u!tcompen!ation. T$i! i! t$e #overnment powerof eminent domain.
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+$en #overnment $arm! t$eri#$t o !ociety and individua!&
t$e peope ac>uire t$e mora ri#$t to c$an#e!uc$ #overnment ,y a e#a and peaceumean!& !uc$ a! t$rou#$ eection!& reca andempeac$ment o con!titutiona o@cer!.
Section (& Artice (( o t$e P$iippineCon!titution a!o reco#ni%e! t$at t$e peope
can re!ort to revoution a! a matter o ri#$t i!u@cienty provo-ed ,y oppre!!ion or a,u!e!o tyrannica #overnment.
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Government and Law
T$e Government Power! to
nact& xecute and (nterprett$e Law!
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Law!"
are ormai%ed norm! w$ic$ are enacted ,ypeope w$o are ve!ted wit$ #overnmentapower and enorced ,y poitica and e#aaut$oritie! de!i#nated ,y t$e #overnment.
(n t$e P$iippine #overnment t$e power toenact aw! i! ve!ted in t$e P$iippineCon#re!!& t$e e#i!ative ,ranc$ o
#overnment compo!ed o t$e House ofSenateand t$e House of Representatives.
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Con#re!!
Bot$ 0ou!e! dei,erate upon t$e SenateBi! and 0ou!e Bi!& w$ic$ are t$enorwarded to t$e C$ie xecutive 6t$e
Pre!ident7 or approva.
T$e approva o t$e Pre!identtran!orm! a ,i into a aw commonycaed !tatute& epu,ic Act or Bata!Pam,an!a.
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(mpementation and xecution oLaw!
" ie! in t$e !upreme domain o t$e
xecutive ,ranc$ o t$e #overnment ;t$e Presidentor C$ie xecutive andhis/her cabinet.
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T$e Pre!ident
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T$e Loca Government
Province! 6Governor7
Citie! 6City /ayor7
Town or /unicipaitie! 6/unicipa /ayor7
Baran#ay 6Baran#ay Captain7
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Con!titutionaity o Law!
T$e interpretation o w$et$er a aw i!con!titutiona or not& or w$et$er t$e
act! o t$e Pre!ident in impementin#t$e aw are uncon!titutiona or donewit$ a,u!e o di!cretion o $i!$erpower i! ve!ted in t$e ?udicia ,ranc$ o
#overnment ; t$e Supreme Court& t$e$i#$e!t court o t$e and.
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Supreme Courtataa!=taa!an# 0u-uman n# Piipina!
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't$er ?udicia ,odie! incude5
Court o Appea!8
Court o Tax Appea!8
'm,ud!man and Sandi#an,ayan8
e#iona Tria Court!8
/unicipa Tria Court!8 and
Lupon# Ta#apamayapa or Pan#-at in t$e,aran#ay eve perormin# >ua!i=?udicia
unction!.
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Court o Appea!0u-uman n# Apea!yon n# Piipina!
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Court o Tax Appea!0u-uman n# Pa#$a$a,o !a Buwi! n# Piipina!
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'm,ud!manTanod,ayan n# Piipina!
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Sandi#an,ayanPeope! Advocate
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Government and Law
Poitica (deoo#y and :orm! o
Government
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Poitica (deoo#y
An ideologyi! a !y!tem o vaue!& idea!&,eie!& and attri,ute! t$at a !ociety or #roup!wit$in it !$are and accept a! trut$ or act8 it
contain! a !et o attitude! toward! t$e variou!in!titution! and proce!!e! o !ociety.
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:orm! o Government
Since Ari!tote! time& t$e orm! o#overnment envi!ioned ,y di9erentpoitica ideoo#ie! $ave ,een t$e
oowin#5
Autocracy
'i#arc$y
Democracy
Sociai!m
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Autocracy
" i! a #overnment in t$e $and! o a!in#e a,!oute ruer.
An a,!oute ruer i! a despot.
0e ma-e! t$e aw!& execute! t$e aw andinterpret! t$e aw.
0e i! t$e awma-er& t$e C$ie xecutive andt$e ?udiciary ; roed into one.
0e i! a,ove t$e aw8 in e9ect& he is the law.
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An autocratic#overnment" i! rued a -in#& a monarc$& a de!pot or a
dictator.
T$e pre!ent=day autocracy i! -nown a!totalitarian; a #overnment or a !tate inw$ic$ t$e ie and action! o everyindividua& a! we a! t$o!e o every
enterpri!e& are controed ,y a dictator.
x5 T$e dictatoria re#ime o t$e ate Pre!ident/arco! under t$e #ui!e o )con!titutionaaut$oritariani!m.*
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'i#arc$y
" i! a #overnment in w$ic$ power i! int$e $and! o a ew.
T$e ruer! are -nown a! oligarchsandaristocratsw$o #overn or t$eir ownintere!t!.
C. +ri#$t /i! ,eieved t$at a $andu o men
compo!ed o t$e poweru miitary upper ec$eon!&t$e corporate ric$& and t$e poitica eite! !$oudma-e t$e mo!t !i#nifcant deci!ion! to !teer t$e !$ipo t$e #overnment.
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Democracy
" i! a orm o #overnment ,y t$epeope& u!uay t$rou#$ t$eirrepre!entative!.
(t i! popuary -nown a! a repu,ic or arepre!entative democracy ; )a #overnment ot$e peope& ,y t$e peope& and or t$e peope.*
(n t$e repu,ic& t$e $ead o t$e !tate i! anelected president& w$o exerci!e!#overnmenta power! rom t$e con!titution.
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Sociai!m
" i! a orm o #overnment w$ereinpropertie! are owned ,y t$e !tate t$ati!& in turn& controed ,y t$e wor-er!.
Practiced in5 t$e Soviet 2nion8 C$ina8/on#oia8 Nort$ orea8 Nort$ ietnam8Lao!8 Cam,odia8 Cu,a8 A,ania8 and
4u#o!avia.
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Government and Law
T$e Nature o Power
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Power v!.Aut$ority
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Government and Law
Limitation! o t$e xerci!e o
Power
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)A,!oute powercorrupt!.*
Power can ,e u!ed a! an end in it!e& ora! a mean! to ac$ieve de!ired end!.
Bein# !u,?ect to a,u!e and mi!u!e&power should be limited.
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Power !$oud ,e imited t$rou#$t$e 9. way!5
Principe o c$ec-! and ,aance!
Poitica purai!m
Popuar !overei#nty
0uman actor!
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nd o Pre!entation
T$an- you.