Gospel Gospel acc. to acc. to John: John: The Holy Spirit,The Holy Spirit,The ParacleteThe Paraclete

Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D.Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D.Loyola Institute for Spirituality, Orange, CALoyola Institute for Spirituality, Orange, CA

http://catholic-resources.orghttp://catholic-resources.org

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Send Us Your Spirit – Dan Schutte

• Song published by O.C.P. Music– Removed here for copyright reasons,

but available in many hymnals

Prayer Used at Vatican IIPrayer Used at Vatican IIWe stand before you, Holy Spirit, conscious of our sinfulness, We stand before you, Holy Spirit, conscious of our sinfulness,

but aware that we gather in your name.but aware that we gather in your name.Come to us, remain with us, and enlighten our hearts.Come to us, remain with us, and enlighten our hearts.

Give us light and strength to know your will,Give us light and strength to know your will,to make it our own, and to live it in our lives.to make it our own, and to live it in our lives.

Guide us by your wisdom, support us by your power, Guide us by your wisdom, support us by your power, for you are God, sharing the glory of Father and Son.for you are God, sharing the glory of Father and Son.

You desire justice for all: enable us to uphold the rights of others;You desire justice for all: enable us to uphold the rights of others;do not allow us to be misled by ignorance or corrupted by fear or favor.do not allow us to be misled by ignorance or corrupted by fear or favor.

Unite us to yourself in the bond of love and keep us faithful to all that is true.Unite us to yourself in the bond of love and keep us faithful to all that is true.As we gather in your name may we temper justice with love, As we gather in your name may we temper justice with love,

so that all our discussions and reflections may be pleasing to you,so that all our discussions and reflections may be pleasing to you,and earn the reward promised to good and faithful servants.and earn the reward promised to good and faithful servants.

We ask this of You who live and reign with the Father and the Son, We ask this of You who live and reign with the Father and the Son, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.one God, for ever and ever. Amen.

The Serenity PrayerThe Serenity Prayer God grant me the serenityGod grant me the serenity

to accept the things I cannot change;to accept the things I cannot change;courage to change the things I can;courage to change the things I can;and wisdom to know the difference.and wisdom to know the difference.

Living one day at a time; Enjoying one moment at a time;Living one day at a time; Enjoying one moment at a time;Accepting hardships as the pathway to peace;Accepting hardships as the pathway to peace;Taking, as He did, this sinful world as it is, Taking, as He did, this sinful world as it is, not as I would have it;not as I would have it;Trusting that He will make all things right Trusting that He will make all things right if I surrender to His Will;if I surrender to His Will;That I may be reasonably happy in this lifeThat I may be reasonably happy in this lifeand supremely happy with Him forever in the next.and supremely happy with Him forever in the next.Amen. --Reinhold NiebuhrAmen. --Reinhold Niebuhr

What Can We NOT Change?What Can We NOT Change?

THE PAST!THE PAST!• Time only flows forward, not backward.Time only flows forward, not backward.

OTHER PEOPLE!OTHER PEOPLE!• We can sometimes change others We can sometimes change others

externally or physicallyexternally or physically

• But we CAN’T change what other people But we CAN’T change what other people think, or say, or do.think, or say, or do.

What CAN We Change?What CAN We Change?

OURSELVESOURSELVES• How WE remember and think about the How WE remember and think about the pastpast..• How WE react to what How WE react to what othersothers say and do! say and do!

Our WORLDOur WORLD• Our physical environment or spaceOur physical environment or space

Our ATTITUDESOur ATTITUDES• Glass half empty or half full?Glass half empty or half full?

Types of CHANGETypes of CHANGE

BIG Decisions / BIG Changes:BIG Decisions / BIG Changes:• Location; Career/Job; Family StatusLocation; Career/Job; Family Status• Religion? (Conversions to other faiths?)Religion? (Conversions to other faiths?)• Life’s Goal / Overall DirectionLife’s Goal / Overall Direction

DAILY Decisions / Small Changes:DAILY Decisions / Small Changes:• Virtues & VicesVirtues & Vices• Attitudes & ActionsAttitudes & Actions

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What is "spirit" / "Spirit"?What is "spirit" / "Spirit"?

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What is "spirit" / "Spirit"?What is "spirit" / "Spirit"?

Defs. of "spirit" in EnglishDefs. of "spirit" in English (from dictionary.com)(from dictionary.com)::1.1. the principle of conscious life; the vital principle in humans, the principle of conscious life; the vital principle in humans,

animating the body or mediating between body and soul. animating the body or mediating between body and soul. 2.2. the incorporeal part of humans: the incorporeal part of humans: present in spirit though present in spirit though

absent in body. absent in body.

3.3. the soul regarded as separating from the body at death. the soul regarded as separating from the body at death. 4.4. conscious, incorporeal being, as opposed to matter: conscious, incorporeal being, as opposed to matter:

the world of spirit. the world of spirit.

5.5. a supernatural, incorporeal being, esp. one inhabiting a a supernatural, incorporeal being, esp. one inhabiting a place, object, etc., or having a particular character: place, object, etc., or having a particular character: evil evil spirits. spirits.

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Def. Def. ofof "spirit/Spirit" "spirit/Spirit" (cont.)(cont.)

6.6. a fairy, sprite, or elf. a fairy, sprite, or elf. 7.7. an angel or demon. an angel or demon. 8.8. an attitude or principle that inspires, animates, or pervades thought, an attitude or principle that inspires, animates, or pervades thought,

feeling, or action: feeling, or action: the spirit of reform. the spirit of reform. 9.9. (initial capital letter)(initial capital letter) the the divine influencedivine influence as an agency working in the as an agency working in the

human heart. human heart. 10.10. a divine, inspiring, or animating being or influence. Num. 11:25; Is. 32:15. a divine, inspiring, or animating being or influence. Num. 11:25; Is. 32:15. 11.11. (initial capital letter)(initial capital letter) the third person of the Trinity; the third person of the Trinity; Holy Spirit.Holy Spirit. 12.12. the soul or heart as the seat of feelings or sentiments, or as prompting to the soul or heart as the seat of feelings or sentiments, or as prompting to

action: action: a man of broken spirit. a man of broken spirit. 13.13. spirits, spirits, feelings or mood with regard to exaltation or depression: feelings or mood with regard to exaltation or depression: low low

spirits; good spirits.spirits; good spirits. 14.14. excellent disposition or attitude in terms of vigor, courage, firmness of excellent disposition or attitude in terms of vigor, courage, firmness of

intent, etc.; mettle: intent, etc.; mettle: That's the spirit!That's the spirit!

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Def. Def. ofof "spirit/Spirit" "spirit/Spirit" (cont.)(cont.)

15.15. temper or disposition: temper or disposition: meek in spirit. meek in spirit. 16.16. an individual as characterized by a given attitude, disposition, character, action, etc.: an individual as characterized by a given attitude, disposition, character, action, etc.: A few brave spirits A few brave spirits

remained to face the danger. remained to face the danger. 17.17. the dominant tendency or character of anything: the dominant tendency or character of anything: the spirit of the age. the spirit of the age. 18.18. vigorous sense of membership in a group: vigorous sense of membership in a group: college spirit. college spirit. 19.19. the general meaning or intent of a statement, document, etc. (the general meaning or intent of a statement, document, etc. (opposed to opposed to letter): ): the spirit of the law. the spirit of the law. 20.20. Chemistry. Chemistry. the essence or active principle of a substance as extracted in liquid form, esp. by distillation. the essence or active principle of a substance as extracted in liquid form, esp. by distillation. 21.21. Often, Often, spirits.spirits. a strong distilled alcoholic liquor. a strong distilled alcoholic liquor. 22.22. Chiefly British. Chiefly British. alcohol. 23.23. Pharmacology. Pharmacology. a solution in alcohol of an essential or volatile principle; essence. a solution in alcohol of an essential or volatile principle; essence. 24.24. any of certain subtle fluids formerly supposed to permeate the body. any of certain subtle fluids formerly supposed to permeate the body. 25.25. the Spirit, the Spirit, God. –adjective –adjective 26.26. pertaining to something that works by burning alcoholic spirits: pertaining to something that works by burning alcoholic spirits: a spirit stove. a spirit stove. 27.27. of or pertaining to spiritualist bodies or activities. of or pertaining to spiritualist bodies or activities. –verb (used with object) –verb (used with object) 28.28. to animate with fresh ardor or courage; inspirit. to animate with fresh ardor or courage; inspirit. 29.29. to encourage; urge on or stir up, as to action. to encourage; urge on or stir up, as to action. 30.30. to carry off mysteriously or secretly (often fol. by to carry off mysteriously or secretly (often fol. by awayaway or or offoff): ): His captors spirited him away.His captors spirited him away.31.31. IdiomIdiom out of spirits, out of spirits, in low spirits; depressed: in low spirits; depressed: We were feeling out of spirits after so many days of rain. We were feeling out of spirits after so many days of rain.

[Origin: [Origin: 1200–50; 1200–50; ME (n.) < L ME (n.) < L spīritusspīritus orig., a breathing, equiv. to orig., a breathing, equiv. to spīri-,spīri-, comb. form repr. comb. form repr. spīrārespīrāre to breathe + to breathe + -tus-tus suffix of v. action ] suffix of v. action ]

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"Spirit" in the Bible"Spirit" in the Bible

Heb. Heb. RuachRuach & Gk. & Gk. PneumaPneuma refer to various thingsrefer to various things– Root meaning: Root meaning: "moving air""moving air" = wind, breath, spirit = wind, breath, spirit– Could be something natural, human, evil, or divineCould be something natural, human, evil, or divine

Hebrew Bible: Hebrew Bible: RuachRuach– Translation of Gen 1:1-2?Translation of Gen 1:1-2?– "In the beginning when God created the heavens and In the beginning when God created the heavens and

the earth, the earth was a formless void and darkness the earth, the earth was a formless void and darkness covered the face of the deep, while covered the face of the deep, while RUACH RUACH from God from God swept over the face of the waters." (wind? spirit?)swept over the face of the waters." (wind? spirit?)

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Jacques Tissot - Creation

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"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible

God’s God’s Ruach Ruach as the basis of lifeas the basis of life– "Then the LORD God formed man ("Then the LORD God formed man (AdamAdam) from the ) from the

dust of the ground, dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils and breathed into his nostrils the breath of lifethe breath of life; and the man became ; and the man became a living a living beingbeing.." (Gen 2:7)

– "Then he said to me, ‘"Then he said to me, ‘Prophesy Prophesy to the to the breathbreath, , prophesyprophesy, mortal, and say to the , mortal, and say to the breathbreath: Thus says : Thus says the Lord GOD: Come from the four the Lord GOD: Come from the four windswinds, O , O breathbreath, , and and breathe breathe upon these slain, upon these slain, that they may livethat they may live.’ " .’ " (Ezek 37:9)(Ezek 37:9)

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Ezekiel 37Georg Weigel

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"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible

God’s God’s Ruach Ruach with prophets, judges, kingswith prophets, judges, kings– "Then the LORD came down in the cloud and spoke "Then the LORD came down in the cloud and spoke

to him (Moses), and took some of to him (Moses), and took some of the spirit the spirit that was that was on him and put it on the seventy elders; and when on him and put it on the seventy elders; and when the spirit the spirit rested upon them, rested upon them, they prophesiedthey prophesied. But . But they did not do so again." (Num 11:25)they did not do so again." (Num 11:25)

Note:Note: " "ProphecyProphecy" is not "predicting the future"" is not "predicting the future"but rather "speaking on behalf of God"but rather "speaking on behalf of God"

Ruach Ruach on Judges & Kings:on Judges & Kings: see esp. Jdg & 1 Sam see esp. Jdg & 1 Sam

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"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible"Spirit" in the Hebrew Bible

God’s God’s RuachRuach on the Messiah: on the Messiah:– ““A shoot shall come out from the stump of Jesse, A shoot shall come out from the stump of Jesse,

and a branch shall grow out of his roots. and a branch shall grow out of his roots. – The The spirit of the LORDspirit of the LORD shall rest on him, shall rest on him, – the the spirit of wisdom and understandingspirit of wisdom and understanding, , – the the spirit of counselspirit of counsel and might, and might, – the the spirit of knowledgespirit of knowledge and the and the fear of the LORDfear of the LORD””

(Isaiah 11:1-2)(Isaiah 11:1-2)

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"Spirit" in the Bible"Spirit" in the Bible

GreekGreek Bible used by Early Christians: Bible used by Early Christians:– Old Testament (LXX) & New TestamentOld Testament (LXX) & New Testament

PNEUMAPNEUMA = = any any "moving air""moving air": wind, breath, spirit: wind, breath, spirit– Cf. English "Cf. English "pneumoniapneumonia" = illness of the " = illness of the lungslungs– or "or "pneumaticpneumatic" (air-powered) tools: drills, pumps…" (air-powered) tools: drills, pumps…

Greek verbs Greek verbs pneo pneo / / ekpneoekpneo = "to breathe (out)“= "to breathe (out)“– Used only in connection with Jesus’ deathUsed only in connection with Jesus’ death

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"Pneuma" in the NT

Something in nature: moving air, wind, breath

Something human, but from God: spirit of adoption, spirit of faith, spirit of gentleness, spirit of glory, spirit of grace, spirit of holiness, spirit of life, spirit of power & love & self-discipline, spirit of prophecy, spirit of wisdom and revelation, spirit of your minds, spirits of the prophets, spirits of the righteous, spirit of Elijah

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"Pneuma" in the NT (cont.)

Something demonic: – evil spirit, unclean spirit– demonic spirit, foul spirit– spirit of an unclean demon– spirit of cowardice, spirit of divination– spirit of error, spirit of slavery– spirit of the antichrist– spirit of the world, sluggish spirit

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"Pneuma" in the NT (cont.)

Something divine: – Holy Spirit, Holy Spirit of God– Spirit of (our) God, Spirit of the Living God, – Spirit of the Lord, Spirit of your Father,– Spirit of Him who raised Jesus from the dead,– Spirit of His Son, Spirit of Jesus– Spirit of Christ, Spirit of Jesus Christ– Spirit that is from God– Spirit of Truth, eternal Spirit– seven spirits of God (only in Rev 3)

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Trinity from Mission Santa Clara & by El Greco

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Holy Spirit?

Icon by Andrei Rublev

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Trinity from Mission Santa Clara

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"Holy Spirit" in the Gospels(see statistics table on handout)

Mark:Mark:– "spirit" used 24 times, but "Holy Spirit" only 4 times"spirit" used 24 times, but "Holy Spirit" only 4 times

Matthew:Matthew:– "spirit" used 19x, but "Holy Spirit" only 5x"spirit" used 19x, but "Holy Spirit" only 5x

Luke + Acts:Luke + Acts:– "spirit" used 36x + 70x; "spirit" used 36x + 70x; "Holy Spirit" used 13x + 41x"Holy Spirit" used 13x + 41x– ""Holy SpiritHoly Spirit" drives all the action " drives all the action (see handout)(see handout)

John & 1 John:John & 1 John:– "Holy Spirit" 3x; "Spirit of Truth" 4x; "Paraclete" 5x"Holy Spirit" 3x; "Spirit of Truth" 4x; "Paraclete" 5x

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"Holy Spirit" in the Gospels

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"Holy Spirit" in MARK

1:8 – [John the Baptist]: "I have baptized you with water; but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit." (cf. Matt 3:11; Luke 3:16)

1:10 – And just as [Jesus] was coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens torn apart and the Spirit descending like a dove on him. (cf. Matt 3:16; Luke 3:22)

3:28b-29a – "Whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit can never have forgiveness..." (Matt 12:32; Luke 12:10)

12:35-36 – "How can the scribes say that the Messiah is the son of David? / David himself, by the Holy Spirit, declared, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, "Sit at my right hand, until I put your enemies under your feet." ’ " (cf. Matt 22:43; shorter in Luke 12:42)

13:11 – "When they bring you to trial and hand you over, do not worry beforehand about what you are to say; but say whatever is given you at that time, for it is not you who speak, but the Holy Spirit." (cf. Matt 10:20; Luke 12:12)

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"Holy Spirit" more in MATT.

1:18-20 – Now the birth of Jesus the Messiah took place in this way. When his mother Mary had been engaged to Joseph, but before they lived together, she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit. / … an angel of the Lord appeared to [Joseph] in a dream and said, "Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, for the child conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit."

12:27-28 – "If I cast out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your own exorcists cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges. / But if it is by the Spirit of God that I cast out demons, then the kingdom of God has come to you." (Luke 11:20 has "finger of God")

28:19 – "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,…"

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Holy Spirit in LUKE’s Gospel

With John the Baptist: – Angel Gabriel says: “Even before his birth, he will be

filled with the Holy Spirit” (1:15); …he will act “with the spirit and power of [the prophet] Elijah” (1:17)

– the child grows and becomes “strong in spirit” (1:80).

With Mary:– Gabriel tells Mary how she will conceive Jesus:

“The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you” (1:35; part of the “Annunciation”).

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Annunciation – J. Tissot

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Holy Spirit in Luke (cont.)

With Elizabeth:– When Mary visits her pregnant older cousin,

Elizabeth is "filled with the Holy Spirit" (1:41). In Mary’s Song of Praise:

– The Magnificat: "My soul magnifies the Lord, and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior" (1:46-47).

With Zechariah:– After the birth of John the Baptist, his father is "filled

with the Holy Spirit" and utters a prophecy (1:67).

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Holy Spirit in Luke (cont.)

Simeon:– In Jerusalem, "the Holy Spirit rested on" a righteous

man named Simeon (2:25)– The Holy Spirit had revealed to him that he would

not die before seeing the Messiah (2:26)– So the Spirit guides him to the Temple, where he

encounters the infant Jesus and his parents (2:27).

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Holy Spirit in Luke (cont.)

Preparing for Jesus:– John the Baptist contrasts himself and Jesus:

"I baptize you with water; but one who is more powerful than I is coming; I am not worthy to untie the thong of his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire." (3:16)

Baptism of Jesus:– After Jesus is baptized, "the Holy Spirit descended

upon him in bodily form like a dove" (3:22).

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Baptism of Jesus

(Luke 3)Jacques Tissot

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Holy Spirit in Luke (cont.)

Temptation of Jesus:– Before beginning his public ministry, "Jesus, full of

the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit in the wilderness" (4:1), where he is tempted by the devil.

Jesus begins his Ministry:– After resisting the devil's temptations in the desert,

Jesus returns to Galilee "filled with the power of the Spirit" (4:14), and begins preaching.

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Holy Spirit in Luke (cont.)

"Inaugural Event" in synagogue at Nazareth:– Visiting his hometown, Jesus reads from the

scroll of the prophet Isaiah: "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to bring good news to the poor" (4:18)

– After finishing the reading, Jesus declares, "Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing" (4:21), implying that he is indeed the Prophet & Messiah, enlivened by God's Spirit.

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Jesus at Nazareth

(Luke 4)Jacques Tissot

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Holy Spirit in Luke (cont.)

Review of material so far:– All from the first four chapters of Luke.– H.S. is with Elizabeth, Mary, Zechariah, Simeon,

and John the Baptist– Holy Spirit is with Jesus, at the beginning

FEW refs to the Holy Spirit in the rest of Luke!– Why not?

Holy Spirit is now working in/through Jesus.– Not an independent character, until later!

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Holy Spirit in Luke (cont.)

Jesus’ Public Ministry:– Jesus casts many "unclean spirits" and "evil spirits"

out of various people (4:33, 36; 6:18; 7:21; 8:2; 8:29; 9:39, 42; 10:20; 11:24, 26; 13:11).

– After seventy disciples return from their mission, Jesus "rejoiced in the Holy Spirit" and thanks God for hiding things from the wise but revealing them to infants (10:21).

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Holy Spirit in Luke (cont.)

Jesus teaches his disciples about the H.S.:– Teaching about prayer: "If you then, who are evil, know

how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will the heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!" (11:13).

– In response to criticism from his opponents: "Everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven; but whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven" (12:10).

– Don’t worry if put on trial, "for the Holy Spirit will teach you at that very hour what you ought to say" (12:12).

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Holy Spirit in Luke (cont.)

Death of Jesus:

– The final words of Jesus on the cross (in Luke):

“Then Jesus, crying with a loud voice, said, ‘Father, into your hands I commend my spirit.’Having said this, he breathed his last” (Luke 23:46 – exepneusen).

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Holy Spirit in Luke (cont.)

Appearances of the Risen Jesus:– When Jesus appears to his disciples, they are at first

afraid, thinking that they were seeing a ghost / spirit (24:37).

– But Jesus assures them he is not a ghost / spirit, but can be seen and touched, since he has flesh and bones (24:39).

Ascension of Jesus: (add to handouts)

– Jesus tells his disciples to await "what my Father promised," namely "power from on high" (24:49).

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Holy Spirit in Luke: Review

Very often in the Infancy Narrative– Elizabeth, Mary, Zechariah, Simeon, J.B.

Often at the start of Jesus’ ministry– Baptism, Temptations, Inaugural Preaching

With/in Jesus throughout his ministry– Implicit, not explicit; in his teachings

Given back to God when Jesus dies– “Father, into your hands I commend my spirit”

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Send Us Your Spirit – David Haas

• Song published by G.I.A. Music– Removed here for copyright reasons,

but available in many hymnals

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Holy Spirit in ACTS

The Acts of the Apostles?– Vol. 2, sequel to Luke’s Gospel (see Acts 1:1)– Similar themes & emphases as Luke’s Gospel– Prayer, Praise, Preaching, Poor, Healings, Meals…

The Acts of the Holy Spirit?– As in Luke's Gospel, the Spirit of God inspires and

guides most of the action in Acts.– Disciples depicted just like Jesus, filled w/ God’s Spirit– This book could be called "The Acts of the Holy Spirit"

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Holy Spirit in ACTS (cont.)

Author (Luke) tells us that Jesus gave instructions to his chosen apostles "through the Holy Spirit"– Acts 1:2

The disciples are "baptized with the Holy Spirit" on the day of Pentecost– Event promised by Jesus in 1:5, 8– Event narrated by the Evangelist in 2:1-4– Event recalled by Peter in 11:15-16

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Pentecost(Acts 2)

Gustave Doré

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Pentecost – Wind? Spirit?

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Pentecost Event in ACTS 2

When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place. 2 And suddenly from heaven there came a sound like the rush of a violent wind, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting. 3 Divided tongues, as of fire, appeared among them, and a tongue rested on each of them. 4 All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other languages, as the Spirit gave them ability.5 Now there were devout Jews from every nation under heaven living in Jerusalem. 6 And at this sound the crowd gathered and was bewildered, because each one heard them speaking in the native language of each. 7 Amazed and astonished, they asked, "Are not all these who are speaking Galileans? 8 And how is it that we hear, each of us, in our own native language? 9 Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, 10 Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya belonging to Cyrene, and visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, 11 Cretans and Arabs--in our own languages we hear them speaking about God's deeds of power."

12 All were amazed and perplexed, saying to one another, "What does this mean?"13 But others sneered and said, "They are filled with new wine."

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Holy Spirit in ACTS (cont.)

The apostles are "full of" or "filled with" the Holy Spirit, esp. when they preach– 1:8; 2:4; 4:8, 31; 11:24; 13:9, 52

The Spirit "speaks to" the apostles and prophets– 8:29; 10:19; 11:12; 13:1-4; 21:11

Deacons/ministers must also be "full of the Spirit" (6:1-6), esp. when they prophesy– 6:10; 7:55-59; 11:28; 21:4

Just as H.S. spoke through King David and the prophets in ancient Israel (1:16; 4:25; 28:25).

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Holy Spirit in ACTS (cont.)

God "will pour out" his Spirit on all people and all nations in the last days– 2:17-18, 33; 10:45

Believers, including Gentiles, receive the Holy Spirit when they repent and are baptized– 2:38; 15:8; 19:5-6

Sometimes the reception of the Holy Spirit even precedes baptism (see 10:44-48)

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Peter & Cornelius (Acts 10)

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Holy Spirit in ACTS 10

Peter in the Household of Cornelius (Roman Centurion) 44 While Peter was still speaking, the Holy Spirit fell upon

all who heard the word. 45 The circumcised believers who had come with Peter were astounded that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles, 46 for they heard them speaking in tongues and extolling God. Then Peter said, 47 "Can anyone withhold the water for baptizing these people who have received the Holy Spirit just as we have?" 48 So he ordered them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they invited him to stay for several days.

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Holy Spirit in ACTS (cont.)

Some people "test" or "lie to" or "oppose" the Holy Spirit, with dire consequences– 5:1-11; 7:51

Spirit is conferred through the "laying on of hands"– 8:17-19; 9:17; 19:6

The Spirit leads and guides the decisions and actions of the Christian leaders– 15:28; 16:6-7; 19:21; 20:22-23

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"Spirit" in the Bible"Spirit" in the Bible

Heb. Heb. RuachRuach & Gk. & Gk. PneumaPneuma refer to various thingsrefer to various things– Root meaning: Root meaning: "moving air""moving air" = wind, breath, spirit = wind, breath, spirit– Could be something natural, human, evil, or divineCould be something natural, human, evil, or divine

Hebrew Bible: Hebrew Bible: RuachRuach– Translation of Gen 1:1-2?Translation of Gen 1:1-2?– "In the beginning when God created the heavens and In the beginning when God created the heavens and

the earth, the earth was a formless void and darkness the earth, the earth was a formless void and darkness covered the face of the deep, while covered the face of the deep, while RUACH RUACH from God from God swept over the face of the waters." (wind? spirit?)swept over the face of the waters." (wind? spirit?)

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"Spirit" in the Bible"Spirit" in the Bible

GreekGreek Bible used by Early Christians: Bible used by Early Christians:– Old Testament (LXX) & New TestamentOld Testament (LXX) & New Testament

PNEUMAPNEUMA = = any any "moving air""moving air": wind, breath, spirit: wind, breath, spirit– Cf. English "Cf. English "pneumoniapneumonia" = illness of the " = illness of the lungslungs– or "or "pneumaticpneumatic" (air-powered) tools: drills, pumps…" (air-powered) tools: drills, pumps…

Greek verbs Greek verbs pneo pneo / / ekpneoekpneo = "to breathe (out)“= "to breathe (out)“– Used only in connection with Jesus’ deathUsed only in connection with Jesus’ death

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"Pneuma" in the NT

Something in nature: moving air, wind, breath

Something human, but from God: spirit of adoption, spirit of faith, spirit of gentleness, spirit of glory, spirit of grace, spirit of holiness, spirit of life, spirit of power & love & self-discipline, spirit of prophecy, spirit of wisdom and revelation, spirit of your minds, spirits of the prophets, spirits of the righteous, spirit of Elijah

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"Pneuma" in the NT (cont.)

Something demonic: – evil spirit, unclean spirit– demonic spirit, foul spirit– spirit of an unclean demon– spirit of cowardice, spirit of divination– spirit of error, spirit of slavery– spirit of the antichrist– spirit of the world, sluggish spirit

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"Pneuma" in the NT (cont.)

Something divine: – Holy Spirit, Holy Spirit of God– Spirit of (our) God, Spirit of the Living God, – Spirit of the Lord, Spirit of your Father,– Spirit of Him who raised Jesus from the dead,– Spirit of His Son, Spirit of Jesus– Spirit of Christ, Spirit of Jesus Christ– Spirit that is from God– Spirit of Truth, eternal Spirit– seven spirits of God (only in Rev 3)

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"Holy Spirit" in the Gospels(see statistics table on handout)

Mark:Mark:– "spirit" used 24 times, but "Holy Spirit" only 4 times"spirit" used 24 times, but "Holy Spirit" only 4 times

Matthew:Matthew:– "spirit" used 19x, but "Holy Spirit" only 5x"spirit" used 19x, but "Holy Spirit" only 5x

Luke + Acts:Luke + Acts:– "spirit" used 36x + 70x; "spirit" used 36x + 70x; "Holy Spirit" used 13x + 41x"Holy Spirit" used 13x + 41x– ""Holy SpiritHoly Spirit" drives all the action " drives all the action (see handout)(see handout)

John & 1 John:John & 1 John:– "Holy Spirit" 3x; "Spirit of Truth" 4x; "Paraclete" 5x"Holy Spirit" 3x; "Spirit of Truth" 4x; "Paraclete" 5x

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“Spirit” in JOHN’s Gospel

Meanings of pneuma:– “wind” (John 3:8)– animating force of human life (3:6)– Jesus’ own life force (11:33; 13:21; 19:30)– something Jesus gives the disciples (20:22)– something coming from God (1:32-33; 3:5-8; 15:26)

“Holy Spirit” rare in John (only 3x; cf. Luke/Acts) “Spirit of Truth” only in Jn 14:17; 15:26; 16:13; 1 Jn 4:6

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“HOLY SPIRIT” in John

“Holy Spirit” present 3x in Fourth Gospel:– near beginning (Jesus’ baptism; 1:32-33)– middle (Last Supper discourse; 14:26)– end (first appearance of risen Jesus; 20:22)

Curious that “Spirit” not mentioned in Prologue– Yet “Logos” in John 1:1-5 has much the same role as

the “Spirit” in the creation accounts of Gen 1—2

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“PARACLETE” in John

Greek parakaleo (“to call to one’s side”)– Verb occurs often in NT, esp. Paul’s letters

Related noun parakletos only in John and 1 John– Translations? Counselor, Comforter, Advocate, etc.

Outside NT: parakaleo and parakletos used mostly in juridical/courtroom contexts

Holy Spirit is “another Advocate” (John 14:16)– Implies Jesus was the first “Advocate “ (cf. 1 John 2:1)– Thus, the Paraclete does same things as Jesus

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“PARACLETE” in John

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Roles of the “PARACLETE”

Companion – will be with disciples “forever” after Jesus is gone (14:16-18; cf. 1 John 3:24; 4:13)

Teacher – will “remind” disciples about Jesus’ own words & teachings (14:26)

Legal witness – will give “testimony” about Jesus to the disciples & world (15:26)

Judge – will “convict” (or “convince”?) the world “about sin & righteousness & judgment” (16:8-11)

Revealer – will “guide” disciples to “truth” about God and Jesus (16:13-15; cf. 1 John 5:6-8)

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Texts with “PARACLETE”

14:14-17 – “If in my name you ask me for anything, I will do it. / If you love me, you will keep my commandments. / And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another ADVOCATE, to be with you forever. / This is the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him. You know him, because he abides with you, and he will be in you.”

14:25-26 – “I have said these things to you while I am still with you. / But the ADVOCATE, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you everything, and remind you of all that I have said to you.”

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Texts with “PARACLETE”

15:26-27 – “When the ADVOCATE comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who comes from the Father, he will testify on my behalf. / You also are to testify because you have been with me from the beginning.”

16:7 – “Nevertheless I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the ADVOCATE will not come to you; but if I go, I will send him to you.”

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Questions for Reflection

Is Paraclete sent by the Father (John 14:16; 14:26) or by Jesus himself (15:26; 16:7)?

Why can’t the world “receive” the Spirit/ Paraclete (14:17)?

Why can’t the Spirit/ Paraclete be sent until after Jesus’ departure (16:7)?

What’s the relationship between Holy Spirit and forgiveness of sins (20:21-23)?

East Trinity vs. West Trinity

Father(Creator)

Son (Savior)

Spirit (Life-giver)

Father(Creator)

Son (Savior)

Spirit(Life-giver)

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East vs. West

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Holy Spirit in US Today?

Is the Holy Spirit present within us? How?– Just like in the Apostles, as depicted in Acts?– In our Preaching, Teaching, Healing, etc.?– In the Charismatic Movement?

Evidence of God’s Spirit within us:– Not just from Luke or Acts, but also from Paul

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Trinity Symbols – by Rudolf Koch

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"Holy Spirit" in the Creeds"Holy Spirit" in the Creeds

Apostles’ CreedApostles’ Creed (10(10thth Century): Century):– I believe in the Holy Spirit,I believe in the Holy Spirit,

the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints,the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints,the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body,the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body,and the life everlasting. Amen.and the life everlasting. Amen.

Nicene CreedNicene Creed (Council of Nicea (AD 325 - (Council of Nicea (AD 325 - online))– We believe in one God the Father Almighty…We believe in one God the Father Almighty…– and in one Lord Jesus Christand in one Lord Jesus Christ (ca. 10 more lines) (ca. 10 more lines)

– and in the Holy Spirit.and in the Holy Spirit. (end; nothing more!) (end; nothing more!)

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Creed of Nicea/ConstantinopleCreed of Nicea/Constantinople

Council of Constantinople Council of Constantinople (AD 381):(AD 381):

– And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and Giver of life, And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceeds from the Father [and the Son], who proceeds from the Father [and the Son], who together with the Father and the Son is to be who together with the Father and the Son is to be adored and glorified, who spoke by the Prophetsadored and glorified, who spoke by the Prophets. . And one holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. And one holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. We confess one baptism for the remission of sins. We confess one baptism for the remission of sins. And we look for the resurrection of the dead And we look for the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come. Amen.and the life of the world to come. Amen.

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Catechism Catechism of theof the Catholic Church Catholic ChurchPart I, Section 2, Chapter 3, Article 8Part I, Section 2, Chapter 3, Article 8 (In Brief) (In Brief)

CCC CCC (1983 - (1983 - online)): : Part I, Section 2, Chapter 3:Part I, Section 2, Chapter 3:– Article 8Article 8 (par. 683-747); (par. 683-747); Articles 9-12Articles 9-12 (par. 748-1060) (par. 748-1060)

742 "Because you are sons, God has sent 742 "Because you are sons, God has sent the Spirit of his the Spirit of his SonSon into our hearts, crying, 'Abba! Father!"' (Gal into our hearts, crying, 'Abba! Father!"' (Gal 4:6).4:6).

743 743 From the beginning to the end of time, whenever God From the beginning to the end of time, whenever God sends his Son, he always sends sends his Son, he always sends his Spirithis Spirit: their mission is : their mission is conjoined and inseparable. conjoined and inseparable.

744 744 In the fullness of time the In the fullness of time the Holy SpiritHoly Spirit completes in Mary all completes in Mary all the preparations for Christ's coming among the People of the preparations for Christ's coming among the People of God. By the action of the God. By the action of the Holy SpiritHoly Spirit in her, the Father gives in her, the Father gives the world Emmanuel "God-with-us" (Mattthe world Emmanuel "God-with-us" (Matt 1:23). 1:23).

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Catechism Catechism of theof the Catholic Church Catholic ChurchPart I, Section 2, Chapter 3, Article 8Part I, Section 2, Chapter 3, Article 8 (In Brief) (In Brief)

745 745 The Son of God was consecrated as Christ (Messiah) by the The Son of God was consecrated as Christ (Messiah) by the anointing of the anointing of the Holy SpiritHoly Spirit at his Incarnation (cf. Ps at his Incarnation (cf. Ps 2:6-7). 2:6-7).

746 746 By his Death and his Resurrection, Jesus is constituted in By his Death and his Resurrection, Jesus is constituted in glory as Lord and Christ (cf. Actsglory as Lord and Christ (cf. Acts 2:36). From his fullness, 2:36). From his fullness, he poured out the he poured out the Holy SpiritHoly Spirit on the apostles and the on the apostles and the Church. Church.

747 747 The The Holy SpiritHoly Spirit, whom Christ the head pours out on his , whom Christ the head pours out on his members, builds, animates, and sanctifies the Church. She members, builds, animates, and sanctifies the Church. She is the sacrament of the Holy Trinity's communion with men. is the sacrament of the Holy Trinity's communion with men.

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The Spirit Sends Us Forth

• Song by Dolores Dufner, OSB

• Published by Oregon Catholic Press (OCP)– Removed here for copyright reasons, but

available in many OCP Hymnals

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Additional Resources:

Fr. Just’s "Catholic Resources" Website:– Several pages on the "Holy Spirit" in the NT– http://catholic-resources.org

Audio CD-Programs from Now You Know Media– The New Testament: A Guided Tour– The Lectionary: A Treasure for Liturgy & Prayer– What Is Faith? Gift, Mystery, Life!– A Retreat with the Gospel of John

(also with Matthew / Mark / Luke)

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Your Comments / Questions?

God’s Spirit / Holy Spirit / Paraclete in John?

Presence of God’s Holy Spirit today?– In our individual lives?– In our families and communities?– In our Church, local and worldwide?– In our nation and the whole world?

Thanks for coming! God bless you!

For Your Prayer & ReflectionFor Your Prayer & Reflection

In what ways do you need the Holy Spirit to be a In what ways do you need the Holy Spirit to be a “Paraclete”, to be “at your side”, to assist you?“Paraclete”, to be “at your side”, to assist you?

In John’s thought, JESUS was the In John’s thought, JESUS was the first first Paraclete, Paraclete, the Holy Spirit of God is “another” Paraclete, but the Holy Spirit of God is “another” Paraclete, but we also are to be “Paraclete” for others:we also are to be “Paraclete” for others:In what ways do we accompany/assist others?In what ways do we accompany/assist others?