good morning!. overview of glycolysis charlie c. villate
DESCRIPTION
Glycolysis Derived from the Greek stem glyk-, "sweet“, and the word lysis, "dissolution“; It is the sequence of reactions that metabolizes one molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate with the concomitant net production of two molecules of ATP; and, This process is anaerobic.TRANSCRIPT
Good morning!
Overview ofGlycolysisCharlie C. Villate
GlycolysisDerived from the Greek stem glyk-, "sweet“, and the word lysis, "dissolution“;It is the sequence of reactions that metabolizes one molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate with the concomitant net production of two molecules of ATP; and,This process is anaerobic.
O
OHOH
OH
OH
OH
a-D -G lucopyranose
Step Reaction1 Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP2 Glucose-6-phosphate → Fructose-6-phosphate3 Fructose-6-phosphate + ATP → Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
+ ADP4 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate → Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
+ Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate5 Dihydroxyacetone phosphate → Glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate6 2(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ + Pi → 1,3-
bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+)7 2(1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP → 3-Phosphoglycerate +
ATP)8 2(3-Phosphoglycerate → 2-Phosphoglycerate)9 2(2-Phosphoglycerate → Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O)10 2(Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP → Pyruvate + ATP)
Overall
Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + NAD+ → 2 Pyruvate + 2ATP + NADH + H+
Step 1: Phosphorylation of glucose to give
glucose-6-phosphate
O
OHOH
OH
OH
OH
G lucose
H exok inaseATP ADP O
OHOH
OH
OH
O
P
OO-
O-
Glucose-6-Phosphate
Step 2: Isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to give fructose-6-phosphate
O
OHOH
OH
OH
O
P
OO-
O-
Glucose-6-Phosphate
P hosphogluco isom erase O
OHOH
OH
O OHP
O
O-
O-
Fructose-6-Phosphate
Step 3: Phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to give fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
O
OHOH
OH
O OHP
O
O-
O-
Fructose-6-Phosphate
P hosphofructok inaseATP ADP O
OHOH
OH
O O
P
O
O-
O- P
O
O-
O-
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Step 4: Cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to give two 3-carbon
fragments, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate
O
OH H
H OH
H OH
O
P
OO-
O-
O
P
O
O-
O-
Aldo laseO
OH H
O
P
O
O-
O-
H
+
H O
H OH
O
P
OO-
O-
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate(Open-chain form)
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Step 5: Isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to give glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate
O
OH H
O
P
O
O-
O-
H
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Triosephosphateisom erase
H O
H OH
O
P
OO-
O-
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Step 6: Oxidation & Phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to give 1,3-
bisphosphoglycerate
H O
H OH
O
P
OO-
O-
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
+ NAD+ + Pi
G lycera ldehyde-3 -phosphatedehydrogenase
O O
H OH
O
P
OO-
O-
POO
-
O-
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
+ NADH + H+
Step 7: Transfer of a phosphate group from
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP to give3-phosphoglycerate
O O
H OH
O
P
OO-
O-
POO
-
O-
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
P hosphoglycerok inase
ADP ATPO O
-
H OH
O
P
OO-
O-
3-Phosphoglycerate
Step 8: Isomerization of 3-phosphoglycerate to give
2-phosphoglycerate
O O-
H OH
O
P
OO-
O-
3-Phosphoglycerate
P hosphoglycerom utaseO O
-
H O
OH
P O
O-
O-
2-Phosphoglycerate
Step 9: Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to give
phosphoenolpyruvate
O O-
H O
OH
P O
O-
O-
2-Phosphoglycerate
Enolase
O O-
O P O
O-
O-
H H
+ OH2
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Step 10: Transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP to give
pyruvate
O O-
O P O
O-
O-
H H
Phosphoenolpyruvate
P yruvate k inase
ADP ATPO O
-
CH3
O
Pyruvate