BUILDING AN EFFECTIVE FRAMEWORK IN GOOD GOVERNANCE

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:

At the end of this presentation, it is expected that the participants will be able to :

UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPTS OF GOVERNANCE AND GOOD GOVERNANCE

THE CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE

EFFECTIVE CITIZEN PARTICIPATION ARE INDEED PRACTICES REGARDING GOOD

GOVERNANCE

In distinguishing between Government Activity and governance, we will first state what Governance comprises:

“The formal and informal institutions that determine how power is exercised in society, how decisions are taken and how

citizens have their say in the process of governing.

Therefore, GOVERNANCE is not the sole concern of Government but of all those involved in public decision

making”

UNDESA Public Administration

THE CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE

GOVERNANCE is

“ the exercise of Economic, Political and Administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels. It comprises the mechanisms, processes and institutions through which citizens

and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate

their differences.” (UNDP , 1997)

THE CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE

AN ELUSIVE CONCEPT IN POLITICAL SCIENCE.

It is because Governance PRACTICES and ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES are

GEOGRAPHICALLY, HISTORICALLY and CULTURALLY BOUND.

THE CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE

GOVERNMENT and GOVERNANCE have different meanings across geographical space and

time.

Differences aside, certain elements of Good Governance common to all and these are:

1. OWNERSHIP/EMPOWERMENT OF CITIZENS

2. EFFECTIVENESS IN ECONOMIC, SOCIAL and POLITICAL SPHERES

THE CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE

“The Quality and Effectiveness of Government enhance the State’s capacity in strategic areas that

are vital to the process of Development.

The JUST EXERCISE of AUTHORITY is one.

A CAPACITY for PROBLEM SOLVING and CONFLICT RESOLUTION is one.

And the PERFORMANCE of its FUNCTIONS based on the INVOLVEMENT of a SOCIETAL

COALITION is another.”

THE CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE

DEFINITION OF GOOD GOVERNENCE

“Good Governance entails SOUND PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT (Efficiency,

Effectiveness and Economy), ACCOUNTABILITY, EXCHANGE AND FREE FLOW OF

INFORMATION (Transparency) and a LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT ( Justice,

Respect for Human Rights and Liberties).”United Nations Public Administration

FOUR COMPONENTS:

1. LEGITIMACY – Government should have the consent of the governed.

2. ACCOUNTABILITY – Ensuring transparency, being answerable for actions and media freedom

3. COMPETENCE – Effective policymaking, implementation and service delivery

4. RESPECT FOR LAW AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Overseas Development Administration of the United Kingdom

DEFINITION OF GOOD GOVERNENCE

ELEMENTS OF GOOD GOVERNENCE

GOOD GOVERNANCE

A DECENT STANDARD OF

LIVING FOR ALL

CONSTITUTIONALISM

RULE OF LAW

JUSTICE

SECURITY OF PERSONS AND

PROPERTY

ELECTORAL AND PARTICIPATORY

DEMOCRACYRESPECT OF

HUMAN RIGHTS AND BASIC FREEDOMS

TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY,

ETHICS AND INTEGRITY

EQUITY

INFORMED CITIZENRY

EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT

DELIVERY OF PUBLIC SERVICES

SIGNS OF POOR GOVERNANCE

FAILURE TO DISTINGUISH

BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE

INTERESTS

FAILURE TO ESTABLISH THE RULE OF LAW

EXCESSIVE REGULATIONS

PRIORITIES INCONSISTENT

WITH DEVELOPMENT

POOR GOVERNANCE

OTHER DEFINITION OF GOOD GOVERNENCE

AS SYNONYMOUS OF PARTICIPATORY AND

DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE

GOOD GOVERNANCE AS SYNONYMOUS OF

PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE

GOOD GOVERNANCE BY THE QUESTIONS IT

TACKLES

GOOD GOVERNANCE AS “DEMOCRACY PLUS”

GOOD GOVERNANCE

GOOD GOVERNANCE as an expression of Participatory and Democratic Governance:

This concept of democratic and participatory governance is characterized by the following features (Khan, 2005)

1. Full protection and promotion of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights for all;

2. Practice of democracy and respect for human rights, including minority rights; 3. Inclusive political processes, allowing genuine participation by all citizens; and4. Freedom of the media to perform their essential role and the right of the public

to access to information.

AS SYNONYMOUS OF PARTICIPATORY AND

DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE

OTHER DEFINITION OF GOOD GOVERNENCE

The idea of participatory governance has gained enormous popularity in recent times, both in academic discourse and actual practice. Analysts have used theoretical constructs such as ‘deliberative democracy’ and ‘empowered

participatory governance’ to scrutinize the scope and limitations of people’s participation in the process of governance.

The recent emphasis on good governance as the foundation for sustained and equitable development has generated widespread interest in participation in the

development circle, as effective participation by all stakeholders, especially at local level of government, has come to be viewed as a necessary condition for promoting

Good Governance.

GOOD GOVERNANCE AS SYNONYMOUS OF

PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE

OTHER DEFINITION OF GOOD GOVERNENCE

Good Governance must tackle the following: 1. How best to build trust, participation, legitimacy, accountability and

efficacy in public governance;2. How to incorporate competing demands of various stakeholders,

including businesses and local communities, so that they complement one another – in short, how to balance Relations within the governance processes;

3. How to introduce engagement practices in communities to achieve sustainable economic, social, cultural and environmental development; and

4. How to transform public administration from an isolated techno-bureaucratic institution to a more engaging and accountable citizen-based institution, thereby making it more transparent, responsive, effective and perhaps above all, TRUSTED.

GOOD GOVERNANCE BY THE QUESTIONS IT

TACKLES

OTHER DEFINITION OF GOOD GOVERNENCE

The concept of Good Governance Incorporates the following: DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT.

Democratic Governance means that: 1. People’s human rights and fundamental freedoms are respected, allowing them to live in

Dignity.2. People have a say in decisions that affect their lives.

3. People can hold decision-makers accountable. 4. Social interactions are governed by inclusive and fair rues, institutions and practices;

5. Women are equal partners with men in both the private and public spheres of life and decision making.

6. People are free from discrimination based on race, color, ethnicity, class, gender, religion [or any other attributes, such as physical disability, ageing, etc.

7. The needs of the future generations are reflected in current policies. 8. Economic and social policies are responsible to people needs

and aspirations. 9. Economic and social policies are aimed at eradicating

10. poverty and expanding the choices that all people should have in their lives.

GOOD GOVERNANCE AS “DEMOCRACY PLUS”

OTHER DEFINITION OF GOOD GOVERNENCE

INDISPENSABLE CHARACTERISTICS GOOD GOVERNENCE

1. Protection and promotion of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights for all.

2. Practice of democracy and respect for human rights including minority rights.

3. Inclusive political processes, allowing genuine participation by all citizens in all countries; and

4. Freedom of the media to perform their essential role and the right of the public to have access to information.

8 CHARACTERISTICS GOOD GOVERNENCE

GOOD GOVERNANCE

PARTICIPATION

RULE OF LAW

TRANSPARENCY

RESPONSIVENESS

CONSENSUS ORIENTATION

EQUITY & INCLUSIVENESS

EFFECTIVENESS & EFFICIENCY

ACCOUNTABILITY