golosemenice
TRANSCRIPT
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Razdeo Golosemenica
Marjana Aćimović
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Šta su golosemenice?
Biljke koje se razmnožavaju semenom, čiji semeni zametak nije zaštićen
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Šta su golosemenice?
Drvenaste biljke- isključivo kopneneNeke su vrlo visoke (jela, smrča)Niski žbunovi (kleka, efedra)
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Neke vrste dostižu džinovsku veličinu-sekvoja
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Odlike golosemenica
Listovi golosemenica su veoma različiti:
1. Sitni ljuspasti- Tuja
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2. Igličasti-kleka, jela, bor
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3. Lepezasti listovi- Ginko
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4. Perasto deljeni- cikas
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Golosemenice koje imaju igličaste listove nazivaju se:
Četinari
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Većina listova golosemenica prezimljuju, pa se nazivaju:
– Zimzelenim biljkama
Kod nekih golosemenica lišće opada svake godine- ariš i ginko
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Po čemu se izdvajaju golosemenice od prethodnih grupa biljaka (mahovine i paprati) ?U prisustvu semena*
*Prvi put u evoluciji Seme se javlja kod golosemenica
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Razmnožavanje golosemenicaŽenski “cvet” je u obliku šišarkeNa ženskim šišarkama-prisutne su
zaštitne i plodne ljuspe- u čijem pazuhu se nalaze semeni zameci
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Muški cvet- u obliku šišarke
U muškim šišarkama nalaze se polenove kesice sa polenovim zrnima
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Kada polenovo zrno dospe na semeni zametak- vetrom dolazi do oprašivanja
Nije potrebna voda za oplođenje golosemenica
Nakon oplodnje nastaje seme- nerazvijena biljka
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Razmnožavanje golosemenica
Kada polen iz polenove kesice nošen vetrom dospe do semenog zametka dolazi do oprašivanja. Nizom procesa, nakon oplođenja od embriona formira se seme.
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RazdeoGolosemenica
KlasaCikasa
KlasaGinkoa
KlasaGnetumi
KlasaČetinara
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Cikasi-podsećaju na palme
Nastanjuju tropske i subtropske oblasti
Krupni, perasto deljeni listoviSeme veličine šljive
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GinkoŽivi fosilPlanine ji KineKod nas kao ukrasna biljkaListovi lepezasti sa dubokim urezomSeme je loptasto, srebrnaste boje
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ČetinariBeli bor- u celoj Evropi, brdski i
nizijski predeliKrošnja u obliku kišobrana
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ČetinariPančićeva omorika- raste visokoKrošnja piramidalnaČetine kratke, spljoštene, beličaste Endem*
Endem- biljke koje se javljaju uglavnom na jednom, ograničenom prostoru
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Četinari
Tisa- raste kao grm ili drvoIglice kratke i spljošteneOtrovni svi delovi osim omotača
semena
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Klasa Gnetumi-VelvičijaJavlja se u Namibijskoj pustinji
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Velvičija
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Klasa Gnetuma- EfedraEfedra je biljka iz koje se izdvaja
sastojak- efedrin, koji se koristi za pravljenje lekova
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Kraj