gold dust - how to find it how to mine it

7/28/2019 Gold Dust - How to Find It How to Mine It

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/--

Ji-Gold D

dW TOMiniE IT.


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^^i^^fO^

H"eST''- ''"";' I 35

^-''.-SLr "Vveyo;^'p-V-'-.'.:.- . ^


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thomsokJ^I^oXTco.. Ud_____J^couver. B. O.Book of Knofe. ht^ r. ' ~~

faminer in SenuSip- Ai:;''' PPleme,. * ^ fSeamanshiD and i,/' . 'PAmslcy ' 75Pocket HZkt"s^^f: " '^"->" - - : : llSeamanship E.amier'.".Vw'^;,"'^---f-- '''"""^ . 65eed s Seamanship .. " 4080Wa,Tlg:atloii.

Reed's Seamanship..Norie-s NaviRalion--Ro.;,e;


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O., Ltd.

6 4050

PRIOE LIST-THOMSON STATIONERY CO.. Ld.Vancouver, B. C.BOOKS ON MINING.

Thomson Stationery Co., ld.New Books constantly added.BRANCH STORE: NEL30N, B. O.

Prospecting for Gold and SilverLakes $ i 25Prospectors' Hand BookAnderson, cloth i 25 " " leather flap i 75Hidden Mines and How to Find ThemNewman i 50Placer Mining, a Hand Book for Klondike arid

Miners and Prospectors


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PRIOe UST-THOMSON OTATIONBRY CO., Ld.' .Vancouver, B. O.

Minerals and How to Study ThemDana $ 2 25.System of Mineralogy Dana .,. 1 5 00Practical Treatise 011 Hydraulic MiningBowie 6 00Manual of Mining Ihlseng , ; 5 25Metallurgy of GoldEissler 5 50'* of Silver '* 325.Metallurgy of Argentiferoivs LeadElssler 4 00Cyani


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C'O., Ld.PRICE usr-

THOMSON STATIONERY CO., LdVancouver, B. C.Placer Mining, a Hanrllxjok for Klondike andother Miners and IVosi)ector9 $ i 25Yukon Mining Laws 25

Teleg^rapliic Casern,Moering and Neal Mining Telegraph Code..,. 7 25Bedford McNeill Mining felegraph Code 7 50A. B. C. Telegraph Code 6 00Slater's Telegraph Code 2 50dough's Mining Code 2 25A I Telegraphic Cwle 10 00Ship Owners' Telegraphic Code 8 00Adamij Cable Codex, (paper) , . . . 40


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________J^anoouver, B. o. . *

52 Big Bend and Tri,f r tii ;,.' ' : ir

'" ?:u^lrnr/.*^"'^-^^'"e;aVc,Vi3u. '


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CO.. Ld.

^ 50owman cqclraulic

I 00 p 75i erry

. I 00I CX)ims

. . . . . ;2S>lenay i 2 cict of

. I 00

RRICE LIST-THOMSON STATIONBay CO., Ld.Vancouver, B. O. " "

29 M^n of the Yukon River from mouth up, beingAnr. .' can Govt, chart |*'T" . . $ 75

30 Map )i Alaska, in case 7531 Gosnell's Map of the Yukon 3034 > '.illroy s Map of Alaska, paper 5035 *' ** mounted on cloth. . i 50

I 32 VrcAuce Map of the Canadian Yukon,i mounted 75! 33 Yukon River, Alaska 50* 36 Map of the Copper River Route, just pub-j lishedJ. H. Tyrrell 75^ 37 Map of Alaska, from latest geoloqical surveys,

-J. H.Tyrrell 75


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CO.. Ld.PRICE LIST

THOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ld.Vancouver, B. C.>ictionary, vest pocket size, leather, indexed. . 50" " cloth, " 35

[Rules of Order " leather 50I Edison's Handy Cyclopoedia 35(Conklin's " 35Ropp's Calculator, the best all round Ready

Reckoner published (pocket form) 60Chinook Dictionary . . . .' 25Alaska Indian Dictionary 30Chinese-English Phrase Book 2 00


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Placer Gold.Charaoter; Value; How to proj-ect; Tools; How to pan; To make a horn.Where to Prospect. River; Low bars a.ndpids; Creeks; Gulches; Best claims; Hill claims;Id channels; Vein cropping^.Geologic Formation.Likely or not to contain

old.Blaok Sand aa an indication.Methods of Mining.Panning; Dry waging;locker; How to build and use it; Self dumper;luiio boxes; Riffles; Bedrock drain; Sluice fork;.hina pump; Shovelling in; Setting the boxes;iiicksilver Riffle; Ground sluicing; Gleaning uphe bedrock and boxes,Hydraulic Mining.Booming.Automatic flood gate, or self-shooter.Drift Mining.Where fche pay streak is; Plan


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Introduction.S'>'" i^^tleSi! oSrll^ 'ope t. give rportunity to gather an^*''%."*'''- me^n^r O"Wees from which I h '" '* ^""^ *he vari,;erify it by hart work^ '"*'.'">d it; oone, and thus to J^r^ ''''Perience, as I havfrom faJse theorL^ hh T**^"^ * ^


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\>e to give reli-desired, byn any part ot"me nor op- the various^ it; nor toe, as I have^ actual faet^n, passing

rrection. iSi, above alland /to stated

It is all shades of color, from silver white[through yellow and red, to black as iron.

GroLd is always heavy, being from 12 to 19 1-2times the weight of the same bulk of water; yetIthin flakes of it will float after being dried, orI coated with gi*ease of any kind.It is nearly always tough and malleable, bait issometimes spongy and brittle when it comes ^romdecomposed telluride ores; such, however, is mal-leable after melting, and is usually high grade.

How to ProspectIn hunting for gold, some things are indispen-


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that the heavy parts will sink and the ligtht partswill be washed over the side.When you have washed it all out but the lasthandful, or when you begin to see a streak of blacksand along the edge of t)he gravel, you should takecare not to >vB,sh the gold over ithe side, which canbe prevented by holding the pan fiat and sihakingit occasionally. When you have washed out allof the white sand and taken out the pebbles, ex-amine the black sand carefully by rolling it aroundin the pan with water; and if any portion is muohheavier than the rest, examine that by crushingit in your teeth, or otherwise; if it is malleable itis metal, and unless it is a piece of a bullet, may begold.The horn, sometimes called the great horn spoon,ia useful to test a small quantity of dirt or crushed


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he ligfht partsr but the lasttrea Ic of blackI should takele, which canand shakino-shed out allpebbles, ex-ng it aroundtion is muchby crushingmalleable it^let, may behorn spoon,

head. If you find a few points of rough bedrocksticking up, it is the best in sight. Now, with apick or bar, turn out a few boulders and take thesand and fine gravel from among them and pan itcarefully. If you get a large handful of blacksand, and not a color of gold, try two more siuchbars, and if they yield the same, go down the

Istream, for there is but a very slim ch ice of any

Ipay on any branch above.

If you get some gold, but not rich to satisfy you,then hunt for some place where you can dig tobedrock, and find a layer of coai'se gravel on whatis or has been at some time the head of a rapid.Dig there and test the gravel, and also clean outthe crevices in the bedrock and wash the dirt. If


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.(

The old channels are where streams have runan earlier age of tiie earth, and while usually folowing the same general course as the streamsthe present age, they often cross nearly at rigangles, and in rare cases even run the other wayThey may be good, poor or indifferent, but usuallhave the advantage over the modem channelsliaving plenty of dump. Their most common forthat of high bars near present streams, ore oftthe best paying mines in their districte.In some parts of tihe world they are covere

with lava or other volcanic flow, in such a waas to puzzle tftie oddest inhabitant; and it takea fine flow of speech indeed to describe themthat sensible people will think the speaker understands them.


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Mns have run inhile usually fol- the streams ofnearly at rig-htfhe other way,?nt, but usually?rn channels ofb common form,Ba-ms, are oftenict.*y are coveredin such a wayand it takesicri'be them sospeaker under-

1, it is not worth while to look for gold in thategion.If the hills are rounded at the top like haycocks,

ij^nd boulders of porpliyry and pieces of quartzire common in the streams, the stratified rocks|lip under the hills, and dykes of poi"phyry andfather eruptive rock are common, tlien gold is likely|to be found not far away.'^ And the largest and best mines are usually roundiiear where the longest and strongest traeesi ofi^mptive rock cross that part of the country rockIwhich carries the gold. And, sametianes it is theferuptive itself which furnishes all the gold,|thcmgh its step-mother, the quartz, gets the honor.


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8a small amount of dirt is to be handled, ami thefacilities are not at hand for doing it any otherway.Dry washing, practical only in very dry climates,

is accomplished with machines of various sorts,which it would take a book larger than this todescribe. Most of them utilize the principles of abellows blower, or fanning mill, and screen the dirtto different sizes, and blow it away, keeping thegold. THE ROCKER.The rocker comes next to the pan in size and

capacity, and is veiy useful in mining on a smallscale.To build one of the ordinary size takes about


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31ed, and the jit any other Sdry climates, ^arious sorts,than this torinciples of areen fhe dirtkeeping the

in size andf on a smalltakes about

that it will catch the sand and mud that comesthrough the screen and carry it 'to the back endof the box. The side bars of the frame should pro-ject about 2 inches beyond the canvas at the lowerend, so that it will not choke up with aand. Nowput cleats in the high end of your box, about 2inches from the top, for the screen to rest on, andput another across the top to brace it. Next makethe apron by tacking a piece of canvas on a friimethat is made to fit inside the box on an augle, sothat it will catdh the sand and mud that comesthrough the screen and carry it to the back endof the box. The side bars of the frame should pro-ject about two incihes beyond the canvas at thelower end, so that it will not choke up with sand.Now put rockers under 'tflie box, about six inches


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rockers, so that the sand and mud from the upperl>ox will drop into the head of the lower, while thegravel will be carried on and dumped on theground. The boxes, being given a grade or slantof about 11-2 inches to the foot, brings them afoot or so apart at the front end, where the dirtand water is put on, and the mud runs out.The screen should be mounted in the upper box,an inch from the bottom, and extending 2 inchesbeyond, so as to waste the gravel, water beingpoured on with a big dipper, as needed, to wasihthe mud and gold through the holes.

Sliallow rillle may be put in if needed, and ablanket should be plated in the lower box to oatohthe fine gold, being fastened down with cleats, orother means, as your ingenuity suggests. Such a


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)m the upperver, while theped on theude or slant'in^s them alere the dirt3 out.e upper box,ing 2 incheswater beingled, to waeihieded, and abox to oatohth cleats, or9ts. Such a

II '

jfrom a log and hewing two sides until they are[he width of the sluice box, say 18 inciies, leavinghoni round the other way, and setting theui oiland, forcing gravel around them to wedge themiown. One or more boxes, at tlie head of tliebring, sliould have rithes more open, though, to

ju/tch the coarse gold. The main oajcet to be keptIn view in making a set of ritlies is to furnisii a

>le where the gold can drop in and tlie runningrater will wash away the sand, without havingwer to raise the gold.In all styles of washing, a string of boxes at

least 20 to 30 feet long should be used, and strings[of them a mile long are used at some large mine?,[where they are cleaned up but once a year.POLE SLUICE.

MmM m


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12be used, and all the small rock thrown on top ofilie boulders, thus putting a filter over the drain.A sluice fork, which is merely a pitch fork, witlhhine to twelve tines an inch apart, should be inevery placer miner's outfit, it being useful in get-ting rid of the small gravel when there is not gradeor dump room to wash it away.

CHINA PUMP.In working neai large streams', it is often defjira-

ble to draw off the water from a hole several feetlower than the level of the stream. In such a casethe China pump often serves to do the work. Tomake one, make a straight box long enoug'h toreach from bhe bottom of the hole to a point fromwhich the water will flow away, with a grade ofabout one foot in three.


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on top ofhe drain.fork, withould be in

Bful in get-s not grade

ten defiira-jeveral feetsiuch a casework. Toenoug


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ua3 for shovelling in, and at the lower end dig aIrenc'h on a grade of one or one and a half inchesto the foot, until the head of it is two or threefeet deep ; set a twelve inch or larger sluice box inand stop up the leaks, filling the trench with sodand rook around the head of the box. Now turnon the water, and with a pick 'help it to tear upthe earth, throwing fhe large rock out of the waywhen you come to them, sending the mud, sandand gravel througli the box.

If the bed rock pitches to either side, it is wellto work oflF the higher part first, as that is hardto reach, after the lo\\'er part is stripped.

Cleaning Up.


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end dig a[half inches]o or threelice box inwith sodNow turn

|to tear upthe way|niud, sand

it is wellat is hard

15

Hydraulic Mining.Is done in a manner similar to ground sluicing,

)ut the earth is torn up with water, applied fromnozzle under high pressure, the ditcli supplying

\,he water being from 30 to 500 feet above the dirtbo be washed, the water beir^ conveyed in a pipetnade of cotton or i.'on, according to the pressure,iix inches or more in diameter. The cleaning upU nearly the same asa in ground sluicing. But tol^ive a full description of hydraulic mining would

juire a large book, and this is a small one toput into your pocket.

Booming Out.


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"Id 'Jway that the overflow will fill the box and pullthe gate up; and when the reservoir is empty,the water having leaked out of the box, the gatewill slip down and close the hole, raising the boxup to catch the next overflow.

Drift Mining.PLAN AND APPLIANCES.

Drifting is an old and useful method of obtain-ing the pay streak, or best portion of a bed ofgravel (whicih is usually, but not always, near bedrock), and though very expensive, is often dheaperthan washing the whole bank.The pay streak in all placer mines will be foundon what w^as the bottom of the c^hannel at the


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X and pullis empty,X, the gateng the box

of obtain-a bed ofnear beden cheaper1 be foundlel at the

1 '7 ' ^^lind the posts will snap when danger begins, andIfeometimes a week before. By keeping a sharplookout for loose boulders in the top and runningjwhen the posts begin to break, fatal accidentsipan nearly always be avoided.I In breaking ground in the drifts various toolslare used, acc&rding to conditions. If the gravelis cemented together with lime or other mineral,pCAAder may be uja&d to great adj^antage, beinginserted by making a hole with a gopher bar, drillsbeing used when the cement is hard enough to.allow it. ' " ' ''""" ' ' >'"' "" 'A gopher bar is simply a carpenter's steel pinchbar Wii. the ends bent an inch or more to one

side, and is used to make an irregular hole be-*,t\veen the boulders.


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i8if properly applied, as the writer used it with s^hining success for a similar purpose at the Gold Ilillmill at Quartzburg, Idaho, in January, 1894.A large amount of frozen concentrates were tobe prepared for treatment by the MacArthur-Forrest cyanide process, and an old rubber gardenhose was attached to the boilers and the other endburied in the frozen material, contained in a tankabout 30 inches deep by 10 feet square.

It was found that by moving the hose frequentlythe 12-ton charge could be thawed out in one totwo hours. The amount of heat taken up by onopound of water in being converted into steam isnearly equal to that required to melt ten poundsof ice, and it will warm a much greater amount ofdirt.


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t with s-hinle Gold Hill1894.tes were toArthur-For)ber gardene other end

itt a tanka frequently

in one toup by oneto steam isten poundsamount of

or

19Inches in diameter, two inches tread, with flangesin inch high. Cut away the surplus wood in tlieiiiddle of the sticks, leaving only enough foritrength. Make a box frame of plank or splitlagging three feet square, eight inches high, andcut notches in two sides, two inches deep, lor bear-ings, two feet apart, and babbitt them with baconrind. Lay a platform on top and set a tub or boxon that, tipping it off to empty it. Lay a trackof split poles, -with the bark and knots trimmedoft, 22 inches inside gauge, and it is ready forstraight ahead work.

I By using only one roller and putting handles on;thf-. frame, a very handy truck is made, to carryI twice the load of a wheelbarrow.

-^.' !


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20To amalgamate, pour in with the heavy sand in apan about three times as much quicksilver as there isgold and rub it hard with your hand, taking curefirst tliat there is no grease present, and sliakingunder water fi^uently. Then, by rolling it aboutin the pan, you can collect it all in one lunjip andslip it out into a piece of cloth, washing the sandcut or leaving it in the pan as you like. I'v

Retorting.t

' To clean amalgam, grind it in a mortaj- and washit until it contains no aand, then put it in a pieceof clean, firm cloth or buckskin and twiat andsqueeze it imtil all the free silver is strained out.Tilen place it an iron retort, w*hich has been coated

'I


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y sand in aer as there istaking Caretnd shaking:,'ing it aboute lunfip andtig the sande. N

IT and washt in a piecetwiat andrained out.)een coated

21)U will loee the quicksilver. Care should beiken to heat it slo\\'ly until tlie water is out, ormay explode. >Cleaning and Purifying Mercury.

If lead is plentiful, either las ore or ipetal, themcacury ^oon becomes foul from dissolving it, andgivQSfill, sorts f trouble, looking mouldy andfbringy and turning tllie gold black, 'i'o clean it,Jl'


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22amalgam on amalg-amated plates, as it fe veryliable to cause the gold amalgam to soften an


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w ver>rften and

lerals.

lered intoin mixedland salt,^anide ofpure, andnge if notner it cmtor several

23aiid also yellow silicate of lead, called packer'sgold, which is the same weight and color as fine|iot, and only determined by melting with boraxW crushing to powder, which makes the wateryellow.

Scale of Specific Gravity.When cleaning up a placer the variety of heavy

fiaterial found often arouses the inquiry: "Wliat.^1 itf The following approximate table of speci-|


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ImIi]

H iiFire Test,

Water weij^ha a fraction over 64 pounds to t!hocubic foot, 32 cubic feet beini^a, ton, equal to fourfeet square and two feet deep.The following fire teste may also be uaeful at

timesIridium and platinum ar^ not affected by anycommon firaGold, silver and pailladium are melted at a white

heat, witjiout lo^s or change.'Mercury is volatilized, or bodied away, at a low

red lieat.Lead melts at a low heat and oxidizes rapidly,forming a blue dress, or litarge, which, if heatedred, b^omea yellow and gives off a tihin white

it,

tccb


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to theto four

I at

y anywhite

'' a lowlapidly,heatedwhite

asDinmomd is not affected by a oominon fire, but

'î'lf maxle hot enough, bums like coke.f.

Antimoiny papeoA off in thick white araoke, at a'|ow red heat.

Lead may be taken out of gold; and oilvor byContinued fuoion at a white heat on a cupel, or ;cup made of pulverized bone ash; plenty of airbeing jflupplied, tê lead is oxidized' to yellow lith-aiê ftnd abisorbed by the bone ah. - -

Quartz Mining. >'.iy.TAN ASSAY OR MILL RUN FOR FREE GOLD.

To tayt quartz or other ixxjk for free mil'linggold cini&h it in a mortar, or, if that ie not at

J hand, pOoind it in a tin can or on a rock, until itis all fine enough to go through a screen, the holes[of which rite one-foiirieth m an inch wide, called


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26other mill but if properly hajidled does goodwork, and can be built almost any plax;e thatwood, fttone, pt^wer and water can be had. Tobuild one, set a. good, solid centre post in tlieground and build a tight wall of wood or stonearound it, at a distance of two to six feet, accord-ing to size desired. Lay in the ring thus madea solid pavement of large cobble stones, with asmall gate in the wall near the top of the pave-ment. V '--} -^r-" :"'[ ' ' - .Mount an upright shaft on the centre post, witha beam overhead to steady the upper end. Putarms in the shaft, to reach out almost to the .vail,about two feet high. Tie large stones to the endsof the ai-ms, so that they will drag on Ui^. pave-ment. Now connect whatever sort of power ismost suitable to the circumstances in such a way


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goodlace that

Ior stoneaocord-

is madewith ale pave-

>st, withd. Puthe -..alJ,the ends

pave-ovver is1 a way

27jttnooth. To clean up, work off the sand and mudIts clean as you can, and take out what amalgamton be found in the crevices; then take up thepavement and wash the rocks and all the materialbetween in pan or sluice box, laying another roughfeed for nexl time. ,^ , , ._ ,

Base Ores. ^ ) ^WHl^H REQUIRE ROASTING OR SMELTING.The base ores of most importance to prospectors

lire those which contain gold, silver, copper or lead,%n addition to their other elements. They are near-ly aluays accompanied by more or less quartz, andijfrom one to a dozen different ores are usually foundlin the same vein, being in separate crystals readilytreeognised by experienced mineralogists; color,


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28- "^ ''' "'

other elements, and mix^d with lead, copper, iron,zme and other metals. The ores of silver are of allcolors, those containing much sulphur being dark.

i MILLlKq ORES^ILYERChloride and bromide are of a light color, varying

from blue to white, yellow and brown, and resem-ble hard wax. *Huby silver is a red ore of silver and antimony,\^r liy always accompanied by a dtiik ore of simi-h.i ia,ture, which shows a bright red streak Whenscratched, and is soir.etime^ called JT^by silver.Black sulphureh of silver, sometimes found insmall i3a,vit.iBa in quartz, resemible3 soot v^ry much,aiid is nearly pure silver, pqnibined Nvith sulphur.To test any of the above, heat the rock whitehot in a forge, with borax, and plunge in water;


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-r, iron,le of all\g dark.

varyingresem-imony,f simi-w'hen

er.und in" much,phur.white

water;

irbon, which may be either su^ar, flour or char-)al; melt it in a crucible or anything e ie you haveLt hand, and if it is a valuable lead ore a button

l


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3Pmentioned in each group are alwaya found asso-ciated, but there are many exceptions:Talcose slateFree gold in quartz, vrith tracesof tellurium.IVrphyiy containing many large crystalsCoarse free gold, much iron pyrite, some silver,some copper, lead, zinc.

Porphyry, fine grained or dark coloredFree goldand good concentrating oi^e, with some arsenic.Porphyritic graniteGold and silver in quartz,

with some trflurium and other metals.SyeniteSame as above.GneissGold, silver, copper, arsenic and other

metals, usually smelting ore.LimestoneLead, silver, sometimes gold.Slate and oaptoneCoal, serpentine, platinum.Porphyry, the most important rock formation to


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>und assQ-ith tracescrystalsme silver,Free goldjenic.

in quartz, |

md otherplatinum,nation to

3*A g'lacier is simply the ice and snow which

gathers around the mountain tops, sliding do.vnslowly of its own weight into the lo.ver regions,where it melts or breaks off and floats away inthe sea as fast as it comes. Its action serves tocrush and grind down its bed and carry away thedirt. y

In nearly every case a moving glacier has astream of water under it, which serves to lubricateit and to carry away the mud and sand producedby its grinding the bedrock on which it moves. Aportion of the crushed material, hc.vever. is notreached by the stream, and this is pushed androlled along until a convenient pla3e is found forit to stop, where it remains, unless cariied on byother forces. Deposits of this sort are often seenon the side of ridges opposite the mountain from


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31 tarely pays for mining. It very often covers therich sub-glacial pay streak, however, in such a waythat no indici.tion can be seen on the surface, andthen, whon foiind, old minfers say: "Gold is whereyou find it." f" /> ,1' :vThe Yukon Country as Reported.Just at the present time lihe most interesting

subject connected with mining matters, and theone on which it is the immt dilticult to get reliabledata, is Alaska and the Yukori basin. Many re-ports, much mingled with "moonshine," are athand, but it is very difficult to pan it down andsave only the truth. Here are some concentrates,however, which appear to be good, and they aresubmitted to time for refining, the authorities for


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overs thech a way"faoe, andis where

orted.terestingand thet reliablelany re-' are atown and;entrate8,they arerities for

Lv:

33 . - : -the ore, which, with other base minerals, preventsthe college-bred miners, usually sent out by largecoi'porations, from working it successfully, at leastuntil they have had the conceit taken out of them,and by that time the company is usually broke.The placer regions on the upper tributaries of

the Yukon River have also been worked in a super-ficial way for several years, but owing to the shortsummer and the enormous cost of supplies, verylittle has been accomplished in the way of deepmining or prospecting, except during the last yearcr two.The class of work that has been done there in

past years is little more than skivrming, the bed-rock having seldom been reached oxcept where itis v ?ry close to the surface.In the Autumn of 1896 very rich gravel was dis-


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34formation crosses the Stewart River near the forkcalled McQuestin Creek, and that good wages havebeen made skimming the low bars on the river inthat region, only the best being worked.No report of work on the bedrock or hig-h barsis at hand, nor is there any report as to the hillcountry between there and Klondike, a distance ofabout 150 miles, havirg been prospected.The whole region, where not timbered, is coveredwith a coat of moss averaging six inches thick, andthe rocks are literally "out of sight."

Hints on Camp Life.When your picks are dull and there is no forge

near, this may be worth doing:Build a round furnace a foot in diameter and


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tlie color will change, first to straw color or razortemper, second to lig'ht blue, or knife and springtemper, third to drab or pigeon blue, which bendsbefore it breaks, and fourth, black, slightly mal-leable.When you have the temper desired, plunge i'cagain, taking care not to harden it where it shouldbe left tough. -',, > ' - ^ ,

' " , .' --'

Outfit for Exploring'. '

leter and

A prospector's outfit for taking a first look ata new district consists of clothing and bedding ac-cording to the season, provisions for the tri[), allow-ing two or three pounds per day, a frying pan,with which to fry meat and bake bread, a couple

w


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36and blanket. It should have loops sewn to it atthe comers and on the border.To make a cot of it, lace two sides together witha light rope and put in two poles for side bars.Stretch it by bracing the poles apart and rest thecorners on anything handy.A waterprof>f match box may be made by puttingtwo brass shells together of nearly the same size44 and 45 calibre cartridges make the small ones,8 and 10 gauge shotgun shells the larger ones.

Recipes for Camp Cooking.To bake prospector's b^ead, put a pint of flourin the gold pan, add a pinch of salt, a teaspoonful

of baking powder, a spoonful of sugar, and mixit well together, then add a cup of cold water, mix


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37in them, and then rub the beana between ymirhands until the hulls come off. Pour off the liullsand water and put the beans in fresh water andboil for twenty minutes, while you are gettingthe other things ready. Serve with fried bacon. Mountain baked beansTake a kettle or tin

pail, with a close-fitting cover, and fill it one-thirdfull of clean beans. Fill it up with water and setnear the fire to boil. Now dig a hole in a diy placetwice the size of the pot and build a hot fire in it.When the beans have swelled and risen in the pot,pour off the water and fill it up with fresh water,adding sugar and salt to taste. Take fat bacon orsalt pork, cut it into strips, while the kettle isgetting hot again, and parboil it in the frying pan,and when the pot is boiling and the fire in the hole


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fI:

38PHILOSOPHY OF FERMENTED BREAD.The making of leavened bread is an art almostas old as, and perhaps older than history. It may

be adapted to almost any circumstances, li thechemistry of it is understood.To make it good, a tliiek paste is made of flourand water, with suc^h other stuff as the cook sees

fit to add, salted to taste. Thia paste must beinduced to ferment, which may be done in a varietyof ways, and a part of tlie stardi in the flourrlianged to alcohol and carbonic gas, vyihich makesit foam. The cause of fennenitation is a micros-copic vegetable growth, the germ or seed of whichj' mnd in a great variety of things, and is cul-

^d for use and called yeast; or may easily becaught fi^om the atmosphere in low, warm climates;but not so easily in high mountains or very cold


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oven and regulate the heat to bake it bfown inabout an hour.

If at any stage of the rising the fltuk ntationgoes too far, acid will he fonned and the breadwill be sour and heavy; but a liltlo soda willneutralise it, if well kneaded in.A piece of the dough 'or a little of the pasteserves for yeast for the next time.A handful of sugar put in at the last kneadingwill make it sweet loaf or rolls.If the pas> or yeast becomes sour from neglect,

or if it is n


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40Mix a teaspoonful of black pepper and two tea-spoonfuls of flour with water into a paste andeat it.When your blood la too thick to circulate andyour anna or feet "go to sleep," or you feel chilledby a fog, eat half a teaspoonful of cayenne pepperin a paste, or as you like it. This will thin yourblood and warm you up, but should not be takenmore than one? a week.When troubled with cold feet, damp socks or toejam, from too much sweating of the soles, giveyour feet a warm bath and finish by rubbing themwell witli snow or cold water and wiping themdry. This wi'l induce a healthy circulation in theskin and close the pores. The feet should never bewarmed by a ire, except in cases of invalids, whoare not expose d to the weather and do not takeemmgh exercise to sweat.


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41Many ..ifferent styles and shapes of pack straps

and man saddles have been invented, and usedvnth more or less satisfaction. The simplest ofthese is a grain sax?k with a soft rope about fourfeet long. Tie the ends of the rope at the lowercorners of the sack, put in your load and take adouble hitch around the upper part of the sack,close to the load as possible with the middle of therope, and put your arms through the loops.A pack saddle, to be satisfactory, must boflexible, and rest as evenly as possible on the backand shoulders, with no extra weight over thekidneys, nor below the short ribs. ^h

Canadian Mining Laws.In \he British dominions ail mineral-bearing

land is held to belong to the Crown. The exclusive


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42All persons employed in or around mines onCrown lands are i-equired to pay a license fee an-

nually, and to keep the receipt therefor, called aminer's certificate, in their possession.Failure to pay the license on part of owner or

employee forfeits the owner's rights in the mine.Free miners, meaning persons over 18 years of

age, and corporations, who have paid the licenfe,are peiTnitted to kill game, cut timber for miningand boat building purposes and to find, claim andwork mines* on Crown lands.

At the preseiit time the free miner's license inthe North West Territory, or Yukon district, is $10per, year. Notices of location must be reaordedand a fee of $15 paid.Gulch claims may cover 250 feet of the gulch,and other claims are in proportion.

.


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43acres or less, each year. Expenditure of $500 mustbe made on eaeh claim before a patent shall beissued.None but citizens of the United States, or thosewho have declared their intention of be' omingsuch, may locate or hold a claim on any UnitedStates Government land.

Aliens may lease mines, or other sources ofwealth, on the public domain; but by purchase donot obtain valid title or claim thereto, unlesspatent has firsl been issued to a citizen or corpora-tion.Quartz claims shall not be more than 1,500 feet

long on the course of a vein, or ledge, nor mo-ethan 3(50 feet wide on either side thereof; nor bnallmore than one claim be made on one discoveryof mineral-bo'aring rock in place.A quartz claim is nr>t valid unless mineral bear-


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THOMSONSTATIONERY CO., lo.VANCOUVER. B.C.


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REGULATIONSGoverning Placer Mining in the ProvisionalDistrict of Yukon, Northwest

Territories. v(Approved by Order in Council of i8th Jan , 1898,)

INTERPRETATION.*'Free miner" shall mean a male or female over

the age of eighteen but not under that age, orjoint stock coanpany, named in, and lawfully pos-sesued of, a valid existing free miner's certificate,and no other."Legal post" shall mean a stake standing not less


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be entitled to all the rights and privileges of a freeminer, under these regulations and under the regu-lations governing quartz mining, and shall be con-sidered a free miner upon taking out a free miner'scertificate. A free miner's certificate issued to ajoint stock company shall be issued in its corporatename. A free miner's certificate shall not be trans-ferable.

2. A free miner's certificate may be granted forone year to run from the date thereof or from theexpiration of tne applicant's then existing certifi-cate, upon the payment therefor of the sum of$10.00, unless the certificate is to be issued in favorof a joint stock company, in which case the feeshall be fifty dollars for a company having anominal capital of $100,000 or less, and for a com-pany having a nominal capital exceeding $100,000,


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3of the mincfr himself, but such permission shallnot extend to timber which may have been hereto-fore or which may hereafter be granted to otherpersons or corporations. .. ,

4. Fre' miner's certificates may be obtained byapplicants, ill person at the Department of theInterior, Ottawa, or from the agents of DominionLands at Winnipeg, Manitoba ; Calgary, Edmonton,Prince Albert, in the North West Territories; Kam-loops and New Westminster, in the Province ofBritish Columbia; at Dawson City in the YukonDistrict; also from agents of the Government atVancouver and Victoria, B. C, and at other placeswhich may from time to time be named by theMinister of the Interior.

5. If any person or joint stock company shallapply for a free miner's certificate at the agent's


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' rock flume grant, or any minerals in any groundcomprised therein, or in or to any water riglit, min-ing ditch, drain tunnel, or iiume, unless he or itand every person in his or its employment shallhave a free miner's certificate unexpired. And onthe expiration of a free miners certificate theowner thereof shall absolutely forfeit all his rightsand interest in or to any placer claim, mining lease,bed-rock flume grant, and any minerals in anyground comprised therein, and in or to any andevery water right, mining ditch, drain, tunnel, orflume, which may be held or claimed by such own-er of such expired ixcf) miner's certificate, unlesssuch owner shall, on or before the day following theexpiration of such certificate, obtain a new freeminer's certificate. Provided, neveitheless, thatshould any co-owner fail to keep up his free miner'scertificate, such failure shall not cause a forfeiture


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caused by such entry; and after such entry he shallmake full compensation to the occupant or ownerof such lands for any loss or damage which may becaused by reason of such entry ; such compensation,in case of dispute, to be determined by a court hav-ing jurisdiction in mining disputes, with or withouta jury.

NATURE AND SIZE OF CLAIMS. ' '10. A creek or gulch claim shall bo 250 feet longmeasured in the general direction of the creek or

gulch. The boundaries of the claim which run inthe general direction of the ci'eek or gulch shall belines along bed or rim rock three feet higher thanthe rim or edge of the creek, or thQ lo\ve.-t generallevel of the gulch within the claim, so drawn or


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be less than 250 feet, or exceed a distance of 1,000feet from low water mark of the river. (See Dia-gram No. 3.)

13. A "hill claim" shall not exceed 250 feet inlength, drawn parallel to the main direction cf thestream or ravine on vv^hich it fronts. Parallel linesdrawn from each end of the base at right anglesthereto, and running to the summit of the hill(provided the distance does not exceed 1,000 feet),shall constitute the end boundaries of the claim.

14. All other placer claims shall be 250 feetsquare.

15. Every placer claim ahal be as nearly aspossible rectangular in form, and marked by twolegal posts firmly fixed in the ground in the mannershown in diagium No. 4. The line between the twoposts shall be well cut out so that one post may,if the nature of the surface will permit, be seen


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make for a claim. In addition to such penalty, theMounted Police, upon a requistion from the MiningRecorder to that effect, sh.ill take the necessarysteps to oject the trespasser.

18. In defining the size of the claims, they shallbe measured horizontally iiTespeciive of inequali-ties on the surface of the ground.

19. If any free miner or party of free minersdiscover a new mine, and such discovery shall beestablished to the satisfaction of the Mining Re-corder, creek, river, or hill, claims of the followingsize shall be allowed, namely:To one discoverer, one claim, 500 feet in length.To a party of two discoverers, two claims,amounting together to 1,000 feet in length.To each member of a party beyond two in num-

ber, a claim of the ordinary size only.20. A new stratum of auriferous earth or gravel


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the nearest Govermnent Mining Recorder thereof,and upon the arrival of tlie (iovernment MiningRecorder, he shall deliver to him his records and th^fee:< received for recording the claims. The Gov-ernment Mining Recorder shnll then grant to eachfree miner whose name appears in the records, anentry for his claim on form * i ' of these regulations,provided an application has been made by him inaccordance with form "H" thereof. The entry todate from the time the "Free Miners' Recorder"recorded the application

25. If the "Free Miners' Recorder" fails withinthree months to notify the nearest GovernmentMining Recorder of his appointment, the claimswhich he may have recorded vill be cancelled.

26. During the absence vl t.ie Mining Recorderfrom his office, the entry for a claim may begranted by any person whom he may appoint to


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deducted from the gross annual output of a claimwhen estimating the amount upon which royaltyis to be calculated, but this exemption shall notbe allowed unless the royalty is paid at a bankingoflice or to the dlold Commissioner or Mining Re-corder. When tlie royalty it paid monthly or atlonger periods, the deduction shall be made rateableon the basis of $2,500 per annum for the claim.If not paid to the bank, Gold Commissioner orMining Recorder, it shall be collected by the cus-toms officials or police officers when the minerpasses the posts established at the boundary ofa district. Such royalty to form part of the con-solidated revenue, and to be accounted for by theofficers who collect the same in due course. Thetime and manner in which such royalty shall becollected shall be provided fcr by regulations tobe made oy tbe Gold Commissioner.

Default in payment such royalty, if con-

10


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n.iiy, within sixty days after staking out the claim,obtain an entry for a hill claim adjoining it, bypaying to the Mining Recorder the sum of onenundred dollars. Tliis permission shall also begiven to the holder of a creek, gulch or river claimobtained under former regulations, provided thatthe hill claim is available at the time an applica-tion is made therefor.

35. No miner shall receive ". grant of more than"^ne mining claim in a mining district, the boun-daries of which shall be defined by the Mining Re-cc^'der, but the same miner may also hold a hillclaim, acquired by him under those regulations inconnection with a creek ,gulch, or river claim, andany miraber of claims by purchase; and any num-bei* of miners mav unite to work their claims ineoinmon, upo~ svch terms as they may arrange,provided sudh agreement is registered with til

II. ;'.:',


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through or past his claim, and not already lawfullyappropriated, as shall, in the opinion of the MiningRecorder be necessary for the due working thereof,and snail be entitled to drain his f wn claim freeof charge.

39. A claim may be deemed to be abandonedand open to occupation and entry by any personwhen the SEime shall have remained unworked onworking days, excepting during the close season,by the grantee thereof or by ome person on hisbehalf for the space of * seventy-two hours, unlesssickness or other reasonable cause be shov\n to thesatisfaction of the Mining Recorder, or unless thegi'antee is absent on leave given by the MiningRecorder, and the Mining Recorder, upon obtainingevidence satisfactory to himself, that this provisionis not being complied with, may cancel the entrygiven for a claim.

40. If any cases arise for which no provision is

12


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to (here name the last grantee) but haa remainedunvvorked by the said grantee for not lessthan4. That I (or we) am (or are) unaware thatthe land is other than vacant Dominion Lands.

5. That I (or we) did on the day ofmark out on the ground ,in accor-dance in every particular with the provisions ofthe mining reflations for the Yukon District, theclaim lor which I (or we) make this application,and in so doing I (or we) did not encroach on anyother claim or mining location previously laid outby an}' other person.

* 72 hours means thi*ee consecutive days of 24hours each.

6. That the length of the said claim, as nearlyas I (or we) could measure is feet, andthat the description of this date heretto attacihed,signed by me (or us) ets (or set) forth in detail,

13


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(or their) applieation No dated18. . . ., for a mining claim in (here insertdescription of locality.)The Minister of the Interior hereby grants to thesaid (A. B.) tor the term ofone year from the date hereof, he exclusive rightof entry upon the claim (here describe indetail the claim granted) for the miner-like work-ing thereof, an^i the construction of a residencethereon, and the exclusive right to all the proceedsrealised therefrom, upon which, however, theroyalty prescribed by the regulations shall be paid.The said (A. B.) shall beentitled to the uae of so much of the water natural-ly flowing thix)ugh or past his (or their) claim,and not already lawfully appropriated, as shall bencf-essary for the due working thereof, and todrain his (or- their) claim, free of charge.

This grant does not convey to the said


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14right to mine in (here insert description ofclaim) .... for one year from the 18 ...This certificate entitles the said (B. C.)

to all the rights and privileges of the said(A. B.) in respect to the claim as-

signed, that is to say, to the exclusive right ofentry upon the said claim for the miner-like work*ing thereof and the construction of a residencethereon, and the exclusive right to all the pro-ceeds realised therefrom (upon which, however, theroyalty prescribed by the regulations shall be paid),for the remaining portion of the year for which the^md claim was granted to the gaid (A. B.)

that is to say, until the dayof 18The said (B. C.) shall be en-

titled to the use of so much of the water naturallyflowing through or past his (or their) claim and


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REGULATIONSGoverning the issue of Leases to dredge forMinerals in the beds of rivers in the

Provisional District of Yukon ;Northwest Territories. ' :'(Approved of by Order in Council No. 125, of the i8th

January, 1898)

l!i

The following regulations are adopted for theissue of leases to persons or companies who haveobtained a free miner's certificate in accordancev^ith the provisions of the reguhitions governing

1;I:


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i6at the end of which time all rights vested in, orwhich may be claimed by the lessee under hislease, are to cease and determine. The lease may berenewable, hov\ever, from time to time thereafterin the discretion of the Minister of the Interior.

3. The lessee's rig-ht of mining and dredgingshall be confined to the submerged beds or barsin the river below low v ater mark, that boundaryto be fixed by its position on the first day of Augustin the year of the date of the lease.

4. The lease shall be subject to the rights of allpersons who have received or who may receive en-tries for claims under the Placer Mining Regula-tions.

5. The lessee shall have at least one dredge inoperation upon the five miles of river leased tohim, within two seasons from the date of his lease,and if, during one season when operations can be

'7


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two proceeding regulations, where the dredge ordredges used by hini have been used in dredgingby another lessee, or in any case in reopeet ol morethan thirty miles.

7. The lessee shall be permitted to cut free ofall dues, on any land belonging to the down, suchtimber as may be necessary for the purposes of hislease, but such permission shall not extend to tim-ber whicsh may have been heretofore or may here-after be granted to other persons or corporations.

8. The lessee shall not interfere in any waywith the general right of the public to use the riverin which he may be permitted to dredge, fornavigation and other purposes; the free navigationof the river shall not be impeded by the depositof tailings in such manner as to form bi.rs or banksin the channel thereof, and the current or streamshall not be obstrvicted in any material degree by

i8

.


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where they may be croesed by a public hij?hwayor irequented path or trail, to the satisfaction ofthe Minister of the Interior.

11. That the lessee, his executors, administra-tors, or assigns, shall not nor will assign, transferor sublet the demised premises, or any part thereof,without the consent in writing of the Minister firsthad and obtained.isrThe Thomson Stationery Co., Ld., Vancouver,

B. C, publish all the Mining and ConveyancingForms for use in the Northwest Territories ofCanada, among others the following are largelyused by Miners:

LAW FORMS

19


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-RRICE UST-THOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ltd.Vancouver. B. O.

Conveynncins Forms.No. Size hundred dozl502 }4 Cap Transfer of Land $ 56504 *' Mortgage, long form 50505 *' " short form 56506 '* Chattel Mortgage (to securePromissory Note) 5^507 Cap Chattel >Iortgage (to secure

the sum of) $0508 '* Lease, short form 50511 ^ Cap Quit Claim Deed 5^513 " Bill of Sale 56514 " Deed of Co- Partnership, loc I ob

90


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PRIOE UST-THOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ld.Vancouver, B. O.Customs Korms*

hundred do|For Duty, B i $ i oo 25** Goods importedfrom Great Britain i 00 25Free, H 2 I 00 25Settler's Effects, Free, B 4 i 00 25For Warehouse, B 5 i 00 25To Perfect Warehouse EntryB 6 I 00 25For Duty Ex -Warehouse B 7 1 00 25Free Ex- Warehouse B 8.. I 00 25For Export Ex-Warehouse B9 i 00 25For Removal Ex-W., B 10 i 00 25

13s '^ CapI3SA -

21


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PRICE LIST-THOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ltd.Vancouver, B. C.

hundred do/162 % Cap Appointment of Attorney orAgent for making Customs

Enty, E4 $ 75 15165 }i Cap Entry Outwards for Shipping

to the Yukon Dist, N.W.T. i co 25164 % Cap Bill of Health 75 15i^In ad< ition to these we publish all the Su]>reme

Court, Small Debt Court, and many specialMining P'orms. These forms have all been care-fully prepared and may be rolied on as correct and inaccord nre with the Statute. See that each formhas our imprint in the corner.


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.V


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.


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,y.

fff\w>

I'.

file Klondlilce Thermonieter -- Also selfregistering, to 85 below zero, is packedin a hardrubber case, and in its case is about the size of afountain pen or iid pencih

dye ProtectoriiIn : e celluloid, or goggles inwire frame and glass, while or colored, use'ôl in pro-tecting the eyes from dust and from snow bl.ndness.

Postagre Stamp CasesIn Tin and Leatherwith parchment sheets for keeping stamps fromsticking.

V*oitiltaiit IPeatiThe Parker, Waterman andother standard makes, a very large range, also tîeciicaper kinds a*: 40c. and upwards. .

Imlc ffôfrdersWe put up a very fine Ink Powder


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1

l-'Rirs I'iSl 1 l.!v V. >lui\viiij; a 'vhilo man's uiL'tlicid oi diryinx risii.41


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l!

)K rN'-.\lll,lv I'OS'r. So calk'il I'ruiu beiiiK' t


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%

FORT V-.M ILK I'DST FROM Till': YUKON', The buildiuvi. here .i. . all ot lo^s chinked with hvjss.Tlie roofs are of poles covered with a layer of dirt.

mmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmnmmmm mm mmm


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FORTV-.MILl'; I'OST l'R()^r ACR(JSS THK CREEK.. Forty-Mile is ihf principal settlement.in the Canadian side, but is now about deserte'l for the Klondike.

45


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^'iu^>.

oyx^


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IMAGE EVAMJATIONTEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

hi2^ 112.5 1^ 12.2

1^ III 2.0

1.8

T


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STEAMUR ARCTIC IjriiiKinK the tirst mail and provisions in the early spring.47


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i

THKATRK AT FORTY-MILK. Actors on the porch. $i,ooo was the cost of building this theatre, but it sold for $5,.xxHert' they played a piece called "The Man from Dou.irlass Island."

JH


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!


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)

IXTKKIOK OF SALOON AND I'OKKR (iAMK AT KORTV-MILK. In this Kame $10,000 often changes handsin one jack-pi)l. Drinks are tifty cents and one dollar.

lit


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I 15AR15KR SHOP AT FORTY-MILK. Very Itw men wear beards or imistaehes in winter. Wlien tlie leiniJerutureis forty below zero the breath freezes, and the hair on one's face becomes a mass of ice.60


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ri*W*-A*>>^

I

.if.lWii'

m -


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|(^-;^aeM^PS 'm

5M

^?.'*%*T^>^->).

GROL'I' OF MK\ I\ NATIVE WINTKR DRKSS AM) I'AKKAS. Tlit- upper jfurmenl, calloil a parka, isusually inudu of inarinot skins ami triininotl witli wnlveriiu' around tlu- liood and lowt-r t-dwe.

n >


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If t!>


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1I.


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GROUP OF FORTY-MILK MINKRvS. One Inindred thousand men could prospect the Yukon basin and be lost toanother. The >jreulest drawback is the liniit of supplies.M

'H

s


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wIji,

ii


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MK. WILSON AXl) HIS I'UIKNM) IXWIXTKR DRKSS. Si.nu' of these parkas cciiK' all the way fnim Siberiami ale wurks nf art, eostini; as liijili as $100.8B

'i;


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i


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FORT CL'DAHY WARKHOl'SKS. Just below where Forty-Mile Creek unites with the Yukon, on a beautiful woodeshelf, liiKh above the river, protected from north and west winds by hiijh hills, rests Fort Cndahy.

$


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MRS. HICAIA"S I)()(l TKA.M, sliDwiiiK feinak- winter dress and parkas. The woman's parkas differs sli^jluly frmnthat worn by tlio men, being cut up at the side some ten inches and rounded at the bottom like a skirl.57


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MRS. HKALVS DIXIXG ROOM AT FORTV-MILK, showing that homes can be made and luxuriesenjoyed even in this far and frozen North.


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FIRST SUPPLIES LANDING AT CIRCLE CITY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1894.5

1


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'Si

If


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I'()l'XI)lX(i OF CIRCLE CITV. This is on American soil and bids fail to become the metropolis of the Yukon.It is one hundred and seventv miles from Forty-Mile Creek, on the west of the river.BO


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CAXY()\ ON FORTV-MII-K CREFIK, uiKlit miles up the creek; it is a crooked contraction of the river.01

: i

fi I

! 1 I

i!!'


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TOWIXd A HOAT 'PHKOfdH FORTV-MILK CA\Vt)X. At the lower end of the canyon there is a short turn aswift water and some larv;e rocks. These can not Kenerallv be seen, and there is much danger.(I','

I ) . .

[1 i

I i'l


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SAM PATCH'S POTATO RANCH. The only man to raise potatoes on the Yukon.They sell for $i.cd per pound.63


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SCKNE OX FORTY MILK CREEK. Forty-Mile Creek is two hundred and fifty yards lonjj. It lias many tributaries,all of which carry Rold in i)ayin,ir iiuantities. This country is nearly covered with a irlacial drift.U4


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SCKXH TAKK\ FROM SA.M PATCH'S SHOWIXCr THE BALI) HILLS. The glacial drift from these hills feedshundreds of tributaries to tlie larger creeks.

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GROUP OF YUKON MIXKKS Ri;ai>\' To KKIUKN HOME. Waiting for tlie river Ktcamer.Tliey nearly all have a stake, some a fabiilims furtune.67

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IiO(i VACK TKAM UN' SUMMIT OK HALD HILLS. The dogs here are closely related to the wolves .iiul arenothin^j if not Ijorn thieves. They usually celebrate the arrival of all new.'omer."-- i-'v a general tight.

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CLAIM THKKK ON MILLER CRKKK. $35,000 taken out ; worked only thirty by one hundred feet,one clean-up Ijein^ made of one thousand one hundred ounces.

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MILLKR CREEK FROM SUMMIT. Six miles loiiK ami has iifiy-four rich claims. It was prospected and piven up threetimes before it was found protitable. This shows the difficulty of prospecting, owinuf to the glacial drift everywhere.

13


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YOl'XCi AND BLANCHAKD'S CLAIM AT MILLKR CRKKK. This shows the sluice boxes, This is a placer mine.Placer is a Spanish word and means, literi'.Uy. pleasure, that is. plenty of me'.al easily njiiied.

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YOL'XG AXl) BLAXCHARD'S CLAIM AT WORK. I'laeer xoKl is tree k1J, in dust, luigKets, scales,filaments, lumps; the ,u:ravel in which it lies is called pay dirt.78

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MlLLIi;ii CRRI':K camp. From Fi)rty-Mile Post lo the head of Miller Creek is sixty-one miles. Do^s do althe freighting in winter to the mines, their food beinK dried salmon only. They sleep in the snow.

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CLAIM FOUR ON MILLER CREKK. This shows the sluice, which is a lonR box with riffles.They arc often joined in series and may extend several hundred feet.

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FIRST WHITE WO.MAX ON THK YUK.(^X. Lives at Miller Creek. She is standing beside her homeShe boasts of bein>< able to prospeet and mine as v?ood as any man.

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KI'SSIAX MISSION'. I.ciwtT Yukon. Tlio (Ireck ('hurcli has the !iir>,a'st miinIxT 'it: cliurcliL'S andaillu'ft'ius ill Alaska, the Russian ( Icivornnient suppnrtinjj tho wurk.

81

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INDIAN' CAMP, LOWER RIVER.84

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DKYINd SALMON'. Lower River. Showing caches. A cache iV; made by erecting? a strong houseupon pi )Sts twelve or fifteen feet above groiini-l.

86


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1$/ II


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tikOUl' Ol" IXDIAX CH.'LDREX. Lower Yuknii.


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Kl'SSlAX CHURCH AT KUTLIK. Lower River. The interior of tliis church is very beautiful.s:


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c.Koi 1' oi- i:s(jriMAt"X. ST. i,.\\vKi;\(i'; isi.axi).


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ttiyii'i.fe?-." . _ , ^ .,.''-..4..^>:,. ''Miik:^- /*i

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STEAMKR SKAOLIX AT \AV\V\\ HAV.98

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GLACIER HKAI) OF LITAUVA IIAV. Ri^'ht-hand side. Alaska has t)ieonly f()fost-t(i\ LTcd ^lin^'i'-''" "i I'lt-' wnrld.

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IMAGE EVALUATION


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TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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^ 12.8,50 "*^aw mI^K

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ULACIKR HF:AD of LITAUYA hay. Left side. Kxteiuls to the sea a distance of titty miles,in a perpendicular wall of ice three hundred feel hiffh and eiht miles broad.

then breaks

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ITkA. I UK CAPITAL OF ALASKA. This ancient capital of the Romanoffs is still the seat ofrerritoriaUldvernmenThe principal object of interest is tlu' (.ireek Ciuirch, presided over by a native Indian priest.9i

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gold dust - how to find it how to mine it

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