gogitidze qartuli kinos carsulidan sa.ga

7/26/2019 Gogitidze Qartuli Kinos Carsulidan Sa.ga

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sazogadoebrivi gamomcemloba sa.ga.

jibis wignis seria 9

media _ kultura _ sazogadoeba


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germane gogitiZe (1886-1960) _ qarTulikinowarmoebis erT-erTi pioneri. umaRlesiganaTleba miiRo safrangeTSi. 1914 welsozurgeTSi Tavisive TanxebiT aaSena Teatri,romelic Semdeg kinoTeatr iluzionadgadakeTda. 1916 wels reJisor aleqsandrewuwunavasTan erTad gadaiRo pirveliqarTuli mxatvruli filmi qristine. 1921wlidan saTaveSi Caudga ganaTlebis saxalxokomisariatTan arsebul kinoseqcias. 1923wlidan, saxkinmrewvis Seqmnis Semdeg,iyo misi direqtor-ganmkargulebeli. 1949wels sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 58-amuxlis (samSoblos Ralati) safuZvelze

daakaves da komis assr-Si mdebare Sroma-gasworebis banakSi (minlagi) gadaasaxles,saidanac 1956 wels dabrunda. gogitiZe iyoreabilitirebuli, Tumca mas Semdeg igiqarTul kinowarmoebaSi aRar monawileobda.gogitiZis damsaxurebaa, rom saqarTveloSikinowarmoebam instituciuri xasiaTi miiRo.


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qarTuli kinos warsulidan

germane gogitiZe

Tbilisi, 2013


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saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTadacvis saministros xelSewyobiT

saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis,kinosa da qoreografiis saxel-mwifo muzeumis xelSewyobiT

saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivisxelSewyobiT

naxati garekanze:q. Nadar-is megobruli SarJi g. gogitiZeze (1925).Cven roca kinowarmoeba daviwyeT, araferiar gagvaCnda garda qalTa texnikumidan mo-parul samelnisa_ g. gogitiZis mier xel. muS. Vyrilobaze warmoTqmuli sityvidan.

rusuli nawilis Targmani: konstantine dumbaZe

samecniero redaqtori: nino ZanZava

redaqtori: rusudan asaTiani

gamomcemeli: soso dumbaZepirveli gamocema, 2013ISBN978-9941-0-5910-0yvela ufleba daculia

sazogadoebrivi gamomcemloba sa.ga., 2013

www.sa-ga.org


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5

sarCevi

winasityvaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

b i o g r a f i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3

mogonebebi

cota ram qarTuli kinos warsulidan . . . . 65rogor idgmeboda kino-suraTebi:suramis cixe, sami sicocxle, vin arisdamnaSave? (uaild-vestis mxedari) dajanyi guriaSi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

ramdenime sityva suraTisvin aris damnaSave? (uaild-vestis

mxedari) Taobaze. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Cemi mivlineba berlinsa daparizSi, 1925 weli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

ramdenime sityva Cems mivlinebazesparseTSi _ TeiranSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

qarTuli kinos warsulidan. . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

* * * (lado mesxiSvili) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

kritikuli werilebi

saxkinmrewvi (p. sayvareliZe) . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

sayvareliZis statiis gagrZeleba . . . . . . . 187


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g. gogitiZis pasuxi p. sayvareliZes. . . . . 196

saarqivo masalebig. gogitiZis werili akaki Cxenkels . . . . . 213

reJisor al. wuwunavasaTvis`qristines~ gadasaRebadnebarTvis gacemis dokumenti . . . . . . . . . . . 214

g. gogitiZis gancxadeba kavSirTa

kavSiris gamgeobas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217cnoba filmas Sesyidvis Sesaxeb. . . . . . . 220

moxseneba kinowarmoebis moqmedebisgafarToebisaTvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221

1920-1921 wlebis qarTulikinowarmoebis xarjTaRricxva . . . . . . . . . . 234

cnoba g. gogitiZisadmi binisgadacemis Taobaze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

g. gogitiZis depeSa cekavSirs. . . . . . . . . . . 251

Txovna iranSi gasamgzavrebladvizis miRebis Taobaze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

ucnobi piris werili g. gogitiZes

Teiranidan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

saZiebeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

6


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mogonebebi


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94

ase rom, warmomadgenlobaSi gulacruebu-li davbrundi.

didxans ar mifiqria, TbilisSi ganaTlebissaxkom kandelaks saswrafo depeSa gavugzavne;daxmarebas vTxovdi, radgan suraTs Cavar-dna emuqreboda; vTxovdi, rom Camosuliyo.moulodnelad viReb sapasuxo Setyobinebasamiragovisgan (Cemi uSualo ufrosisagan):kandelaks Camosvla ar SeuZlia, miaRwie sta-linTan Sexvedras.

advili iyo amgvari depeSebis gagzavna daamgvari rCevis micema. Tumca isic unda iTqvas,rom im dros masTan moxvedra SedarebiT ioliiyo.

maSin gadavwyvite beso lominaZesTan wav-suliyavi, vicodi ra misi stalinTan kargiurTierTobebis Sesaxeb. avuxseni mas, Tu ro-gori iyo viTareba, rom lunaCarskis sakiTxick-Si gadahqonda da saqmis garTulebis Tavi-dan asacileblad umjobesi iqneboda, stalinis-Tvis gveTxova Careva. beso lominaZem, raimegarTulebis gareSe, Cemi TandaswrebiT dau-

reka stalins da auwya, rom lunaCarskisTanerTad naxa suraTi da is maT Zalian moewonaT,magram repertkomi arTulebda mis gamoSvebasda lunaCarskis surviliT is ck-s kultpropa-gandis ganyofilebas gadaegzavneboda gansa-xilvelad. lominaZem stalins am saqmeSi CarevasTxova. ar vici, ra upasuxa mas stalinma, mag-


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95

ram amis Semdeg man miTxra: wadi axla kremlSi,iq saSvs dauSveben da is Sen migiRebs.

raRa Tqma unda, kremlisken gaveqane. saSvidaSvebuli iyo da man marTlac mimiRo.

axla Temidan mcireodeni gadaxveva.erTxel TbilisSi telefoniT mirekavs

ck-s erT-erTi mdivani, levan RoRoberiZe, damTavazobs, dauyovnebliv gavemgzavro zahes-Si operatorTan erTad, raTa iq movZebno dapiradad Sevxvde mas _ RoRoberiZes. mec racSeiZleba swrafad gavemgzavre da SeveswariaseT suraTs: amierkavkasiisa da saqarTvelosmTel mTavrobas iq moeyara Tavi. me imwamsvemovZebne levan RoRoberiZe, romelmac mauwya,rom Camosuli iyo i. b. stalini da saWiro iyomisi gadaReba.

zahesis mSenebloba jer ar iyo dasrule-buli. levans vkiTxe, Tu sad imyofeboda is,visi gadaRebac iyo saWiro. man mimaniSna pir-Ta jgufze, romelic kaSxlis daTvalierebisSemdgom ukan brundeboda. me maT win gadasa-Rebi aparati Sevagebe, magram stalinma ga-

daRebas Tavi aarida. maSin RoRoberiZem Se-momTavaza gameSva operatori, Tavad ki maTTandavrCeniliyavi.

garkveuli xnis Semdeg Cven romeliRacficrulSi Segviyvanes, sadac sauzme gveloda.aq iyvnen mTavrobis wevrebi; maT Soris aRmov-Cndi mec.


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96

simarTle giTxraT, Tavs uxerxulad vgrZ-nobdi. stalins pirvelad vxedavdi. is CeqmebSi

da sezonur paltoSi iyo. magidasTan ZvelibolSevikis, giorgi CxeiZis, gverdiT ijda.

Tamadad anastas ivanes Ze miqoiani iyo. sxvasadRegrZeloebTan erTad Cemi sadRegrZe-loc Seisva. sityva-sityviT iTqva ase: axlaki saqarTvelos kinpromis warmomadgenlis,amx. gogitiZis sadRegrZelo SevsvaT, da ram-denime sityviT damswreT Cemi Tavi warudgina;gansakuTrebiT, kinosuraT wiTeli eSmakune-bis dadgma aRiniSna.

i. b. stalinma Wiqa awia da Semdegi sityve-biT mommarTa: amxanago, Cven pativs gcemTimis gamo, rom Tqven es saqme SeasruleT, Tqvenki pativi unda gvceT imitom, rom am saqmis Ses-rulebis SesaZlebloba mogeciT.

sapasuxod Wiqa avwie da vTqvi: Tu partiada mTavroba Cven daxmarebas gagviwevs, maSinwiTel droSas, romelic Cven ivanovo-vozne-senskis muSebma gadmogvces, RirsebiT da maRa-laweuls daviWerT. (wiTeli droSa Cven gad-

mogvca ivanovo-voznesenskis fabrika-qarxne-bis muSaTa delegaciam). Semdeg davamate: mevici, Tu rogor unda Tamasuqebis wardgena.amaze i. stalinma mipasuxa: Tu Tamasuqi swo-rad iqneba Sedgenili _ Cven mas angariSSi ga-viTvaliswinebT (es Tqva wminda sabanko eniT).

axla ki, davubrundebi zemoTqmuls.


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97

rodesac erTi Tu ori wlis Semdeg stali-nis kabinetSi aRmovCndi, man danaxvisTanave

aseTi sityvebiT mommarTa: aba miTxariT, Ta-masuqi sworadaa dawerili? vfiqrob, romsworad _ vupasuxe me (gamaoca misma mexsie-rebam). ramdenime sityviT avuxseni saqmisarsi. SabaTs, sam saaTze me TviTon vnaxav amsuraTs _ miTxra man. madloba gadavuxade dagamovedi.

gamosvlisTanave, imwamsve TbilisSi depeSavaelve:

`stalinTan Sexvedra Sedga, SabaTs, 3 saa-Tze dagegmilia suraTis Cveneba misi Tandas-wrebiT. saxkom kandelakisagan viReb aseT pa-suxs: movdivar.

pasuxi moulodneli da ucnauri momeCvena.roca gamoviZaxe da Camosvlas vTxovdi, manuari miTxra, xolo roca saqme xelsayreladSemobrunda, man Camosvla gadawyvita. xdebaaseTi kazusebic.

me mas sadgurze davxvdi. pirdapir sadgu-ridan, reJisor perestianTan erTad, Cven

kremlisken gaveSureT.kremlSi Sedga suraTis demonstrirebakremlis yvela TanamSromlis TandaswrebiT.mas iseTive udidesi warmateba xvda wilad,rogoric saqarTveloSi pirveli Cvenebisas.Cvenebas Tan sdevda mquxare aplodismentebi.Tu ras ganvicdidi me piradad _ sityvebiT ver


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98

gadmovcem. Cvenebis Semdeg Sedga suraTis Se-fasebis komisiis sxdoma.

TviTon stalini arc Cvenebas da arc sura-Tis Sefasebas ar daswrebia. TavmjdomareobdaumaRlesi sabWos maSindeli mdivani _ abelenuqiZe. rogorc Cans, es saqme mas Caabares.

komisiaSi monawileobda agreTve ck-skultpropagandis mdivani sircovi. pirveligamovida a. v. lunaCarski. man giorgi wereT-lis nawarmoebis winasityvaoba warmoadgina.gasaocrad kargad gakeTda im literaturulimasalis analizi, romelic suraTs safuZv-lad daedo. xatovnad da mkafiod gadmosca mansaqarTvelos feodalizmidan kapitalizmisa-ken gadasvlis istoriuli faqtebi. Semdeg de-talurad ganixila da Seafasa TviT suraTisdadgma.

me aRtacebuli viyavi. im momentSi dama-viwyda suraTis Semdgomi bedi. aRtacebuliviyavi gamomsvlelis SesaniSnavi metyvele-biTa da erudiciiT. unda iTqvas, rom a. v.lunaCarski erT-erTi uganaTlebulesi da

uganswavlulesi adamiani gaxldaT sabWoTakavSirSi.Tavisi sityvis dasasruls man ganacxada,

rom suraTi yovelgvar qebas imsaxurebs, gos-kinpromi ki, suraTis gamoSvebis gamo _ madlo-bas. suraTma kultpropis sircovis Seqebacdaimsaxura.


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saarqivo masalebi


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248

1519 I 1920noemberi tfilisis qalaqis

mouravs

mimdinare wlis seqtembridan ganaTlebissaministros gamgeblobaSi gadmosuli sa-xelmwifo kino-atelies xelmZRvanel-direq-torad mowveulia b. germane gogitiZe, ro-melic binis uqonlobis gamo didad Seviwroe-bulia.

gauwyebT ra amas, gTxovT b. mouravo, gas-ceT gankarguleba, raTa b. gogitiZes sas-wrafod mieces bina winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSiuxelmZRvanelod darCenil kino-atelieswarmoeba Seferxdeba.

ganaTlebis ministri a m x a n a g i

d i r e q t o r i m d i v a n i

15 19.11.1920 weli. nabeWdi. qarTul enaze. 1 gv.saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivis saistorio cen-traluri arqivi. f. 1935, an. 1, saqme 894. furc. 17.


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16/29

germanegogiti

Zismieroperat

orisgamoZaxeba

_depeSa.

1.06.1920.nabeWd

i.qarTule

naze

.1gv.saqarTveloserovnuliarq

ivis

uaxlesiistor

iiscentralur

iarqivi.fondi

371,anaweri1,saqme

219.gv.33.


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251

16depeSatelegrafi

Tbilisi cekavSiri didubeSi

Tbilisi ozurgeTi 612, 13, 30, 20, 33.

1/VII-20.

Zlier saWiroa gamogzavneT operatori baTo-mi Txovilobsmisi gamosvla midepeSeT. gogitiZe

16 1.06.1920. nabeWdi. qarTul enaze. 1 gv. saqarTve-los erovnuli arqivis uaxlesi istoriis cen-traluri arqivi. f. 371, an. 1, saqme 219. gv. 33.


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sa.ga.s wignis qurdi _ qurdi ar ariso!


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Ziga vertovi _ adamiani kinoaparatiT

sabWoTa avangardistis, kinodokumentalistisada dokumenturi kinos Teoretikosis, Ziga verto-

vis (1896-1954) teqstebis krebuli adamiani kino-

aparatiT aerTianebs vertovis mier daarsebuli

SemoqmedebiTi jgufis kinokebis manifests _

Cven. manifestis varianti (1922), kino-Teori-

ul statiebs _ kinokebi. gadatrialeba (1923),

kinoTvalidan radioTvalamde (1929) da

sascenaro variants filmisaTvis adamiani kino-

aparatiT (1929). vertovis filmi adamini kino-

aparatiT Tavisi novatoruli koncefciiT dRe-

sac dokumenturi kinos praqtikul nimuSad rCeba.

wigns darTuli aqvsgermaneli profeso-

ris, sabWoTa kinoavan-

gardis specialistis,

oqsana bulgakovas wi-

nasityvaoba.


20/29

sergei eizenSteini _inteleqtuluri montaJi

sabWoTa kinematografistisa da xelovnebis mkv-levris sergei eizenSteinis kinomontaJis Teoriis

fundamenturi teqstebis winamdebare krebuli

aerTianebs mis adreul manifests atraqcionebismontaJi (1923) da eizenSteinis kinoTeoriis in-

teleqtualuri montaJis centralur naSromebs_ kadrs miRma (1929), meoTxe ganzomileba kino-

Si (1929) da kinoformis dramaturgia (1929).eizenSteinis revoluciuri kinotrilogia da misi

mTavari filmi javSnosani potiomkini (1925)aris mcdeloba inteleqtualuri montaJis praq-

tikuli realizaciisa da dResac kinorefleqsiis

erT-erT mniSvnelovan magaliTad rCeba.

gamocemis winasityva-obis avtoria sergei

eizenSteinis Semoqme-

debis mkvlevari, ger-

maneli profesori oq-

sana bulgakova.

sergei eizenSteini

inteleqtualuri

montaJi


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hans beleri_ kinomontaJis aspeqtebi

dasavleTSi farTod gavrcelebuli, Sesavali

xasiaTis mqone kinosamontaJo saxelmZRvanelo

teqsti, sadac gaanalizebulia aqtualuri samon-

taJo modelebi, cnebebi da reJisorTa speci-

fikuri stilebi: eizenSteini, bunueli, hiCko-

ki, godari, tarkovski, kubriki, jarmuSi da sxva.

gamocemas axlavs kinosamontaJo cnebebis gan-

martebiTi leqsikoni; kadris sidideTa maCve-

nebeli da 180 gradusis principis amsaxveli sqe-

mebi.


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rezo kveselava _mogonebebi qarTvel

kinematografistebze

qarTveli kinodramaturgis rezo kveselavas

samemuaro werilebis krebulSi mogonebebi qa-

rTvel kinematografistebze avtori ixsenebs:

Tengiz abulaZes, akaki baqraZes, suliko JRents,

mixeil kveselavas, mixeil kobaxiZes, kote miqaber-

iZes, aleqsandre rexviaSvils, sergo farajanovs,

oTar ioselians, dore xinTibiZesa da sxvebs.

gamocemaSi warmodgenelia qarTvel kinematogra-

fistTa unikaluri fotoebi avtoris piradi arqi-

vidan da kinostudia qarTuli filmis orasamde

TanamSromlis mokle

biografiuli mona-cemebi.


23/29

valter beniamini _ xelovnebis nawarmoebi

misi teqnikuri reproducirebadobis epo-

qaSi | istoriis cnebis Sesaxeb

mkiTxvels pirvelad eZleva saSualeba gaecnos qar-

Tul enaze cnobili ebrauli warmoSobis germaneli

filosofosisa da kulturis mkvlevris, valter

beniaminis (1892-1940), or umniSvnelovanes naSroms:

xelovnebis nawarmoebi misi teqnikuri repro-

ducirebadobis epoqaSi (1935-1936) da istoriis

cnebis Sesaxeb (1940).

pirveli werili xelovnebis nimuSis auris da-

kargvis axsnas gvTavazobs da am movlenas teqni-

kuri reproducirebis pirobebiT gansazRvravs.

am teqstma gansakuTrebuli aqtualuroba SeiZina

1960-ian wlebSi da isfaqtobrivad iqca mo-

wodebad xelovneba

gamoeyenebinaT ara

faSisturi, aramed so-

cialur-politikuri

emansipaciis mizniT.

Tezisebi istoriiscnebis Sesaxeb Tavi-

seburad ajamebs msje-

lobas istoriuli

materializmis daniS-

nulebaze imdroinde-

li araorTodoqsuli

marqsizmis farglebSi.


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abas qiarosTami _ qaris mxardamxar

Tanamedrove iraneli kinoreJisorisa da xelovnisabas qiarosTamis minimalisturi stilis leqsebis

krebuli qaris mxardamxar.

krebulSi agreTve ixilavT avtoris mier gadaRe-

bul iranis landSaftis amsaxvel fotoebsa da ger-

maneli kinomcodnis tobias erbrextis kritikul

teqsts iranul kinoze: evropuli natvrebi da

iranuli kulturis eqsporti.


25/29

maqs horkhaimeri da Teodor v. adorno_

ganmanaTleblobis dialeqtika. filosofi-

uri fragmentebi

ganmanaTleblobis dialeqtika (1944/47-1969)frankfurtis skolis kritikuli Teoriis yve-laze didi gavlenis mqone naSromia. wignSi mocemu-lia Tanamedrove sazogadoebis Zireuli kritika.civilizaciis ganviTarebis fundamenturi ana-lizis safuZvelze gamokvleulia miTosidan gan-

manaTleblobis warmoSoba da ganmanaTleblobismiTosiskenve Semobruneba. naSromi warmoadgensTanamedrove subieqtis, misi TviTis, formirebisfilosofiur Tavdapirvel istorias da ganixilavszneobriobisa da uzneobis Tanxvedras Taname-drove sazogadoebaSi. am wignSi ganxilulia kul-turis industriis meSveobiT adamianTa masobrivi

motyuebis meqanizmebi.

aseve, gaanalizebuliaganmanaTleblobis saz-Rvrebi, romlebsac, na-cional-socializmSiganxorcielebuli ka-tastrofis Sedegad,antisemitizmis ele-mentebi warmoadgenen.

pirvel qarTul Targ-mans Tan axlavs devidumbaZis narkvevi imisaxsnis mcdelobiT, Turatom rCeba ganmanaT-leblobis dialeqtikadResac aqtualuri.


26/29

fsiqiatriasTan gamocdilebis mqone pirTa ger-

manuli asociacia _ rCevebi da xerxebi _ rogor

vmarToT SeSlil-oba?

megzuri gankuTvnilia fsiqiatriasTan gamoc-

dilebis mqone adamianebisa da maTi axloblebi-

saTvis, romlebic krizisis dros da mis Semdeg

mxarSi udganan am pirovnebebs. aq mocemuli rCe-

vebi saSualebas gvaZlevs individualurad da Sina-

urulad movekidoT am mdgomareobas; gvexmareba,

SeZlebisdagvarad fsiqotropuli wamlebis gareSe,

organizmisadmi zianis miyenebis gverdis avliT,

movlenebis marTvasa da myudroebisa da stabilu-

robis mopovebaSi.

teqsts axlavs fsi-qiatr Temur ioseba-

Zis bolosityvaoba da

damxmare organiza-

ciaTa sakontaqto in-

formacia.


27/29

calke gamocemis saxiT pirvelad ibeWdeba Tanamed-

rove qarTveli mwerlis, aka morCilaZis, eseisturi

teqstebi: kagdata in jorjia (2008) da piradi

enciklopedia (2007).

aka morCilaZe _kagdata in jorjia


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