Pan American Veterinary LaboratoriesHutto, TX

Privately Owned Robert Glass

Established 1993

Lab Services for GoatsSheepHorsesCattleDogsSwine

> 500,000 test performed

Purpose of Laboratory Testing

Diagnosis of Disease Test and Treat

Prevention of Disease Test and Don’t Buy

Eradication of Disease Test and Cull

Laboratory Diagnostics

Major Organ Function Heart/Liver/Kidney Blood Chemistries Glucose Organ Specific Enzymes/Proteins

Hematological Complete Blood Count(CBC) White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells Hemoglobin

Hormone Levels Parasitology

Infectious Diseases

Bacteria Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/Caseous Lymphadenitis Mycobacterium paratuberculosis/Johne’s Disease Brucella sp.

Rickettsia Coxiella burnetii/Q Fever

Virus Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis

Parasite Toxoplasmosis Neospora caninum

Infectious Disease Diagnosis

Infecting Agent Isolation/Identification Bacteria Culture and ID Fungi Culture and ID Virus Culture/ID of Genetic material

ProsDefinitive Results

Cons Slow (days to weeks)Fresh and viable sample required False Negative results Expense

Infectious Disease Diagnosis

Disease Specific Antibody Detection

Infection induces immune response to fight the infection.Part of this response is the production of antibodies that specifically attach to and attack the infecting organism.

Serological lab test are designed to identify these antibodiesas indicators of infection.

ProsFast lab time 2-3 hours Accurate Inexpensive Blood Sample

ConsMay detect antibodies from past infectionsor other exposure.

Serological Assay Techniques

Agglutination Antigen Antibody complexes which are visible to the human eye

PrecipitationAntigen Antibody complexes which fall out of solution

Complement FixationAntigen antibody reaction assay which results in cell lyses

Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbant Assay ELISA

Antigen Coated Wells

Patient Serum Added

Enzyme Labeled Anti IgG Added

Color Development

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis

Retro virus (similar to HIV, FIV, EIA)

Transmission infected animal’s blood cells Milk Blood Saliva Semen

Symptoms Arthritis form: swollen knees hard udder decreased milk production shortened productive life span

Encephalitis form: Paralysis and death

Treatment None

Eradication strategy: Test and Cull

Swollen KneesIn CAE Positive Goat

Arthritis in CAE Positive Goat

Hard Udder in CAE Positive Goat

Encephalitis in CAE Positive Goat

Caseous Lymphadenitis

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Transmission Draining fluid/exudate from abscesses enter via: Oral intake (licking abscess) Breaks in the skin

Symptoms Subcutaneous abscesses Internal abscesses

Treatment Lance/Drain/Disinfect Inject with Formalin

CL Abscess

CL abscesses

CL abscess in Lung of Goat

Johne’s Disease

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Infection of the lining of the Intestinal tract leading to chronic inflammation and loss of ability to absorb nutrients

Transmission Oral intake of infected feces

Symptoms Moderate to fast loss of body condition with good appetite Diarrhea Treatment None

Eradication Strategy Test and Cull

Johne’s Disease

Johne’s Disease

Zoonotic Diseases Diseases of animals that infect and harm Humans

Q fever Rickettsia Coxiella burnettii Transmitted by birthing fluids of infected animals Symptoms Goats Humans Late term Abortions Rash and flu like symptoms Weak kids occasionally fatal, vegetative cardiac valve destruction Treatment: Various antibiotics including Tetracycline

Toxoplasmosis Parasite Toxoplasma gondii Transmitted in milk and feces of infected animals Symptoms Goats Humans None Severe birth defects Treatment: Various antibiotics including Tetracycline

Holding goat for blood Collection

One person blood collection

One person blood collection

One person blood collection