Goal 11 Part 3

JFK Presidency 1960-1963

Election of 1960

John F. Kennedy (DEM.) defeated Richard M. Nixon (REP)Reasons:(1) JFK supported Civil Rights Movement(2) First televised debates

1960 election: Closest in History

Kennedy’s Domestic / Foreign Policy

***************** New Frontier ****************** - programs to (1) improve the economy, (2) assist the poor (3)

advance the American space program and (4) international aid

Best and the Brightest – JFK's advisors

Flexible response: Kennedy’s plan to take money out of Nuclear warheads and put it in military = Green Berets(Downsizing nuclear warfare)Complete opposite of Eisenhower

Crisis in Cuba

Fidel Castro – was openly a communist and welcomed support from the Soviet Union How Castro take over in Cuba Promise of democracy to the Cuban people/ couldend poverty and many other problems Leads a revolution over Batista (1959)

***** THE BAY OF PIGS ****** (1961) - Kennedy A “FAILED” / “Miscalculated” invasion of

Cuba to overthrow Castro Effect: made America look BAD!!!

CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS

Situation: Soviet Union had missiles stationed in Cuba Result: AMERICAN HYSTERIA / PANIC Response: America put missiles in Turkey*2 Countries that were “directly” connected to

the Cuban Missile Crisis(1) Soviet Union(2) U.S. NOT CUBA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Foreign problems with JFK Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis*Berlin Wall = 1961 increased tensions in Europe (physical Iron curtain?)Purpose: to stop “refugees” from EAST Berlin fleeing into WEST Berlin

(East Berliners wanted to be free of Communism)*Ugly symbol of Communism – Berlin Wall is

destroyed in 1989

Ways to ease the tension in the Cold War / Kennedy and Khrushchev (1) Hot Line

direct phone line between S.U. and U.S.(2) Limited Test Ban Treaty

banning above-ground testing of nuclear weapons (U.S. and S.U.)

New Frontier (Space program)Space Program

- NASA-* Created as a result of the launching of SPUTNIKYuri Gagarin = (1st human in space) – S.U.Alan Shepard (1st American in space)RACE to the MOON

- U.S. wins = Neil Armstrong (1st man on the moon)MAJOR RESULT: Colleges and universities all over

America increased their emphasis on science and other courses that could advance America (in that nature)

Kennedy’s New Frontier (International Aid) Point: to address POVERTY abroad(1) Peace Corps

- a program of volunteer assistance to the developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America (HUGE SUCCESS)

(2) Alliance for Progress - another foreign aid program PURPOSE: Improve relations with Latin America*BOTH = THINK John F. Kennedy

Tragedy in Dallas

November 22, 1963 (JFK is assassinated) Lee Harvey Oswald

Communist living in Cuba, was arrested

Oswald = shot and killed by Jack Ruby (nightclub owner) while he was being transferred to prison

*** Warren Commission ***- investigative agency on the JFK assassination

(ton of conspiracies)

Explain “ONE” major result of each event listed below:(Keep it simply accurate)

Kennedy election in 1960Kennedy’s “New Frontier”Bay of Pigs invasionCuban Missile CrisisBerlin Wall constructionPeace Corps / Alliance for ProgressU.S. Victory in Race to the MoonJohnson’s Great Society