go to section pretest 1.true or false: degrees celsius and kelvin are units of temperature. 2.what...
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Pretest
1. True or False: Degrees Celsius and Kelvin are units of temperature.
2. What kind of energy is released when bonds between atoms are broken?
3. True or False: Thermal energy is the total potential and kinetic energy of the microscopic particles in an object.
4. The change of state from liquid to gas is called _____________.
Chapter 16
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Pretest (continued)
5. Which of the following is the energy of a moving object?
a. mechanical energy b. chemical energy c. potential energy d. kinetic energy
6. The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as the law of _______________________.
Chapter 16
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Pretest (continued)
7. Work is a _________________.
8. If the input work for a simple machine is 21.0 J, and the output work is 7.0 J, the efficiency of the engine is ____.
a. 3.0% b. 0.33%c. 33%d. 30%
Chapter 16
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Interest Grabber
Heat TransferRub sandpaper on a metal bolt. CAUTION: Stop rubbing before the bolt becomes too hot to handle. Dip the bolt in a cup of cool water. Note how this affects the bolt’s temperature.
1. Describe the work that you did to add energy to the bolt.
2. What type of energy did this work produce in the bolt?
3. What happened to the temperature of the bolt after it was dipped in water?
4. What do you think would happen to the watertemperature if you repeatedthe procedure many times?
Section 16.1
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Reading Strategy
Previewing
Section 16.1
Sample answers: a. A pitcher of juiceb. Why did Rumford conclude that heat is not a form of matter? (Fig. 1)c. The brass was hot enough to make water boil only during drilling, so the
heat must be related to the motion of the drill.d. In which liquid do the particles move faster? (Fig. 2)e. In the tea
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Specific Heat Figure 3
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Specific Heat Section 16.1
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Specific Heat Section 16.1
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Specific Heat Section 16.1
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Specific Heat Section 16.1
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A Calorimeter Figure 3
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Interest Grabber
Temperature and Air PressureBlow up a balloon and tie off the end. Fill half a bucket with ice water. Dip the balloon into the ice water and hold it there for several minutes. Observe what happens. Remove the balloon from the bucket and let it sit for several minutes. Observe what happens.
1. What happened when you dipped the balloon into the ice water? Explain why.
2. What happened after the balloon was removed from the ice water? Explain why.
Section 16.2
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Reading Strategy
Building Vocabulary
Section 16.2
a. The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles in a fluid
b. Hot air circulates in an oven.
c. The transfer of energy by waves moving through space
d. Heating coil of an electric stove glows.
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Interest Grabber
Cooling by EvaporationWhen you step out of a swimming pool, you often feel very cool, even on a warm day. The evaporating water transfers thermal energy from your skin to the surrounding environment. Evaporation cools you down while it warms up your surroundings.
You can feel this by holding your index finger close to your mouth and blowing on it gently. Then, wet your finger and blow on it again.
1. How does wetting your finger change the way it feels
when your blow on it?
2. Is there really a difference in the temperature of a wet
and a dry finger when your blow on it? Explain.
Section 16.3
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Reading Strategy
a. Piston compresses the fuel-air mixture.
b. Ignited mixture expands and pushes the piston.
c. Exhaust gases leave the cylinder.
Section 16.3
Sequencing
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An External Combustion Engine
Figure 11
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An External Combustion Engine
Figure 11
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An External Combustion Engine
Figure 11
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An Internal Combustion Engine
Figure 12
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An Internal Combustion Engine
Figure 12
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An Internal Combustion Engine
Figure 12
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An Internal Combustion Engine
Figure 12
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A Hot-Water Heating System
Figure 13
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A Hot-Water Heating System
Figure 13
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A Hot-Water Heating System
Figure 13
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A Forced-Air Heating System
Figure 14
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A Forced-Air Heating System
Figure 14
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A Forced-Air Heating System
Figure 14
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An Air Conditioner Figure 16
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An Air Conditioner Figure 16
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An Air Conditioner Figure 16
Pretest Answers
1. True or False: Degrees Celsius and Kelvin are units of temperature.
2. What kind of energy is released when bonds between atoms are broken?
3. True or False: Thermal energy is the total potential and kinetic energy of the microscopic particles in an object.
4. The change of state from liquid to gas is called _____________.
Chapter 16
Click the mouse button to display the answers.
chemical energy
vaporization
Chapter 16Pretest Answers (continued)
Click the mouse button to display the answers.
5. Which of the following is the energy of a moving object?
a. mechanical energy b. chemical energy c. potential energy d. kinetic energy
6. The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as the law of _______________________.conservation of energy
Chapter 16
Click the mouse button to display the answers.
Pretest Answers (continued)
7. Work is a _________________.
8. If the input work for a simple machine is 21.0 J, and the output work is 7.0 J, the efficiency of the engine is ____.
a. 3.0% b. 0.33%c. 33%d. 30%
transfer of energy
Interest GrabberAnswers
1. Describe the work that you did to add energy to the bolt.
Energy was added to the bolt by doing work to move the sandpaper back and forth.
2. What type of energy did this work produce in the bolt?
thermal energy
3. What happened to the temperature of the bolt after it was dipped in water?
The temperature of the bolt decreased.
4. What do you think would happen to the water temperature if you repeated the procedure many times?
The water should heat up because thermal energy from the bolt is transferred to the water.
Section 16.1
Interest GrabberAnswers
1. What happened when you dipped the balloon into the ice water? Explain why.
The balloon contracted because the lower temperature decreased the air pressure inside the balloon.
2. What happened after the balloon was removed from the ice water? Explain why.
The balloon expands back to its original shape because the temperature has risen, causing the air pressure to increase.
Section 16.2
Interest GrabberAnswers
1. How does wetting your finger change the way it feels when your blow on it?
A wet finger feels cooler than a dry finger when you blow on it.
2. Is there really a difference in the temperature of a wet and a dry finger when your blow on it? Explain.
Yes, a wet finger is cooler when your blow on it because the evaporation of the water transfers thermal energy away from your finger.
Section 16.3
Chapter 16Go Online
Self-grading assessment
Articles on heat
For links on specific heat, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-2161.
For links on thermodynamics, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-2162.