Tripp Corbin, CFM, GISPCEO

eGIS Associates, Inc.

Relationships Matter

What is GNSS?Global Navigation

Satellite SystemsAny collection of

Satellites which can be used to determine location on Earth

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Current Active GNSSGPS – USGLONASS – RussianGalileo – European UnionCompass - China

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GNSS BasicsLocation Determined

based on Distance – Trilateration

Distance based on timeTypically need at least 4

Satellites for a positionErrors Caused by

Clock differencesAtmosphereMultipathSatellite Geometry

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Global Positioning System - USGlobal Positioning System - USNavstar - Full operational

constellation in 1994WGS 84 Datum31 Active Satellites3-4 Decommissioned Satellites6 Orbit altitude of 12,000 miles2 Frequencies at about 50

wattsL1 C/A & P – 1575.42 MHzL2 P(Y) - 1227.60 MHz

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GLONASS - RussianGlobal Navigation Satellite SystemOperational with 24 satellites in 1995System declined from 1996 to early 2000sRebirth 2000s to present (2011 at 24 again)19,000KM orbit 24 active satellites, 3 on-orbit spares, 1 in

maintenance, 1 in flight test phase3 launched in July 2013 destroyed in launch

crashFuture funding in question

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GLONASS – Frequency & moreEach Satellite has its ownTwo Bands

L1 – 1602.56 MHz to 1615.5 MHzL2 – 1240 MHz to 1260 MHz

Frequency Division Multiple AccessCDMA with L3 in 2011 (1202.25 MHz)Signal Strength equal to GPSPZ-1990 Datum – Earth Centered (16in ± from

WGS 84)

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Galileo – European Union4 Active Satellites

2 satellites launched Oct 21, 20112 launched on Oct 12, 2012

Full 30 Satellite Constellation by 2019Galileo Firsts

Galileo only post processed position – Jan 6, 2013

Galileo only real time position – March 12, 201324 Operational Satellites by 2016

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Galileo – Frequency & More4 Bands

E1 – 1575.42 MHz (Same as GPS L1)E5a – 1176.45 MHz (Same as GPS L5)E5b – 1207.14 MHzE6 – 1278.75 MHz

Full 30 Satellite Constellation by 2019Galileo Firsts

Galileo only post processed position – Jan 6, 2013Galileo only real time position – March 12, 2013

24 Operational Satellites by 2016

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Compass (aka Beidou-2) - ChinaChina-sponsored military and civilian system14 Satellites in operationCoverage area limited35 Satellites when completeSame Freqs as GalileoPatent issues with Galileo

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2007

2012

Regional GNSSIndian Regional Navigational Satellite

System (IRNSS) - IndiaQuasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) – Japan

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Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) - IndiaFirst satellite launched in 2013Will consist of 7 Satellites by 2015

4 in Geosynchronous3 in Geostationary

Limited coverageFrequencies

L5 – 1176.45 MHzS – 2492.08 MHz

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Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) - JapanAuthorized in 20024 Satellites by 20187 Satellites totalFirst launched in

Sept 2010Augment other

systems

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Future of GPSNew SatellitesMore Frequencies

Civilian useMore signals & codes

CivilianMilitary

Indoor GPS

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New Civilian FrequenciesAllow improved atmospheric correctionFaster signal and position acquisitionIncreased signal strength L2C

Introduced in 2005 on Block IIR-M Satellites Same Frequency as L2 P(Y) Not encrypted

L5 – aka Safety of Life Introduced in 2010 on Block IIF Satellites In future can carry more data than others Higher power transmission than L2C Not encrypted

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New Civilian FrequenciesL1C

Increases GPS compatibility with other GNSSHigher power than L1 C/AStill compatible with older GPS receiversDeployed on Block III satellites (2014)

Full support of new Frequencies (24 Satellites)L2C – 2016 (about 10 right now)L5 – 2019 (about 4 right now)L1C – 2020 (none right now)

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New Block III GPS SatellitesLockheed MartinUp to 32 will be purchasedFirst launch in 2014Frequency Capability

L1 C/A & L1CL2 P(Y) & L2CL5

New M code with Directional Antenna

Harder to Jam17

New CNAV MessagesTransmitted on L2C & L5First test June 15-29, 201315 Message types such as:

10 & 11 – Ephemeris12 – Reduce Almanac (7 Satellites at a time)13 – Clock differential correction14 – Ephemeris Correction30 – Clock & Ionosphere correction

Means improved performance, redundancy, and improved interference mitigation

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Questions

Tripp Corbin, CFM, GISPtcorbin@egisassociates.com

678-710-9710 Ext 21

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