glyphosate: friend or foe? · in their 240 page review of glyphosate… the available data at this...
TRANSCRIPT
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Glyphosate: Friend or Foe?
J. Ferrell
University of Florida - IFAS
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What is glyphosate?
• Active ingredient in the world’s most commonly used herbicide
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Why is glyphosate so common?
• In many respects, it is the perfect herbicide• Non-selective
• No odor
• Non-staining
• No soil carryover
• Highly effective
• Inexpensive
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Benbrook Environ Sci Eur (2016) 28:3
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We are applying 250 million lbs. a year? That can’t be good, right?
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Farmers rely on glyphosate, but are we killing ourselves in the
process?
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• Background• Amphibian numbers world-wide were declining• Asked if global rise in glyphosate use could be a factor
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What did he find?
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Why are we still using so much Roundup if it is so toxic to frogs?• His study didn’t simulate real world conditions.
• He used Roundup, which cannot be legally applied to water because it contains a toxic soap to help improve uptake by plants.
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He should have used an aquatic glyphosate
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We have known that the soap in Roundup is toxic to frogs since 1978 when it was first registered
• This is why the EPA has NEVER allowed “Roundup” to be applied to water. You must be an aquatic friendly glyhposate.
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What if we accidentally spray with the wrong glyphosate?
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“Results suggest that exposures typically occurring in forest wetlands are insufficient to induce significant acute mortality in native amphibian larvae.”
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What about the cancer risk?
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What about the cancer risk?
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The study has been heralded as “the most thorough research ever published into the health effects of …the herbicide Roundup on rats.”
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Rebuttal
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Rebuttal
• Used the wrong rats• Sprague-Dawley rats
• Too few animals in the study
• Unethical treatment of test subjects
• …In all 2.5 pages of errors were noted.
• Improper conclusions drawn
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Result
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World Health Organization
• March 2015, reclassified glyphosate as “Probably Carcinogenic”
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What does “Probably Carcinogenic” mean?
It doesn’t mean likely…
“There is limited evidence that it can cause cancer in humans, but at present it is not conclusive.”
--US EPA
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Known vs. Probable Carcinogens
Known
• Alcoholic beverages
• Asbestos
• Tobacco
• Plutonium
• Solar Radiation
• UV Tanning Bedshttp://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/othercarcinogens/generalinformationaboutcarcinogens/known-and-probable-human-carcinogens
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Known vs. Probable Carcinogens
Known
• Alcoholic beverages
• Asbestos
• Tobacco
• Plutonium
• Solar Radiation
• UV Tanning Beds
Probable
• Glyphosate
• Hair products (work exposure)
• Red Meat (consumption)
• Beverages >150 F (consumption)• McDonald’s coffee (180-190F)
• Shiftwork (circadian disruption)
http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/othercarcinogens/generalinformationaboutcarcinogens/known-and-probable-human-carcinogens
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But the question remains, why was glyphosate only recently put on this list?
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WHO revisited this subject in May 2016
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Conclusion from May 2016 review
“The Meeting concluded that glyphosate is not carcinogenic in rats”
“Meeting concluded that glyphosate is unlikely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans from exposure through the diet.”
http://www.who.int/foodsafety/jmprsummary2016.pdf?ua=1
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The EPA agrees
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In their 240 page review of glyphosate…The available data at this time do no support a carcinogenic process for glyphosate.
Overall, animal carcinogenicity and genotoxicity studies were remarkably consistent and did not demonstrate a clear association between glyphosate exposure and outcomes of interest related to carcinogenic potential.
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/glyphosate_issue_paper_evaluation_of_carcincogenic_potential.pdf
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In their 240 page review of glyphosate…The available data at this time do no support a carcinogenic process for glyphosate.
Overall, animal carcinogenicity and genotoxicity studies were remarkably consistent and did not demonstrate a clear association between glyphosate exposure and outcomes of interest related to carcinogenic potential.
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/glyphosate_issue_paper_evaluation_of_carcincogenic_potential.pdf
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What have we learned??
• The frog study published in 2004 proved that the soapy additive in Roundup is toxic to frogs…we’ve known that for 40 years.
• Seralini’s work with cancer in rats was proven to be so flawed that it was removed from the publishing journal.
• WHO has not provided new data that glyphosate is a probable carcinogen.
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Glyphosate works by blocking amino acid production
• Amino acids are essential building blocks for growth and function
• unlike animals, plants make their own
• amino acids are the primary components of proteins and nucleic acids
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How do they work?
• Block a specific enzyme
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How do they work?
• When you block these enzymes, nothing can get through to the next step.
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Glyphosate
• All plants have EPSP enzymes
• Humans do not
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Glyphosate toxicity
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Caffine Nicotine salt glyphosate
LD50
*The smaller the number, the greater the toxicity
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Why is glyphosate not harmful to humans?
• There is no EPSP enzyme in our bodies
• The herbicide has nowhere to bind
• It flushes out in urine
• However, it is important to wear your PPE• There are soaps and other materials in the jug that can
cause eye irritation and so on.
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Is glyphosate good or bad?
• Neither
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A better question is this: Is glyphosate harmful?
• If used correctly, it poses a very low risk to humans or the environment
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Do we need glyphosate?• The answer to this question is likely…yes.