glycogen • glycogen breakdown • glycogen synthesis • regulationguralnl/450glycogen...
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Glycogen metabolism• Glycogen• Glycogen breakdown• Glycogen synthesis• Regulation
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Glycogen
• Long chain of glucose units hooked together 1,4 linkage
• branched 1,6 • lowers osmotic
potential of cell • storage form of
energy in liver and muscle
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Glycogen breakdown• glycogen phosphorylase• inorganic phosphate, not
ATP • glucose 1-P produced • less ATP used in
glycolysis if glycogen used for energy
• phosphoglucomutase(PGM)----> glucose 6-P
Glycogen phosphorylase
Phosphoglucomutase
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Glycogen breakdownDebranching enzyme
• Glucosidase --debranching enzyme • 3 glucose residues moved • cleaves remaining glucose for free glucose
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Liver Glycogen
• Glucose 6 phosphotase
• Found in Smooth Endoplasmic recticulum
• produce free glucose • blood glucose
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Glycogen synthesis
• Glycogen core started• Protein glycogenin• Uses primer (4
residues attached to phenolic oxygen of tyrosine
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Glycogen synthesis
• Glycogen Synthase• UDP-glucose used
Transglycoslyase• branching enzyme • transfers 8-10
glucose residues
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Regulation
• Glycogen breakdown and synthesis are reciprocally regulated
• Controlled by hormones
• Insulin• Glucagon• Epinephrine• Phosphorylation
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Glycogen phosphorylase• Epinephrine and
glucagon• stimulate cAMP• protein kinase • phosphorylase kinase • phosphorylates
glycogen phosphorylase
• glycogen breakdown • phosphorylates
glycogen synthase, deactivated
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Differences in liver and muscle
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Glycogen synthase
• insulin • stimulates glycogen
synthase• dephosphorylation• deactivates glycogen
phosphorylase
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Glycogen Storage Diseases