glycerol hydrochlorination a process intensification approach using reactive distillation
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Glycerol Hydrochlorination a Process Intensification Approach Using Reactive DistillationTRANSCRIPT
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Glycerol hydrochlorination: a
process intensification approach
using reactive distillation.
Cesar Araujo
Supervisors: Jyri-Pekka Mikkola and Tapio Salmi
Saaremaa Summer School, August 2014
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Detergents + Cellophane + Explosives
2% + 2% + 2%
Drugs/Pharmaceuticals
18%
Triacetin
10%
Alkyd Resin
8%
Personal care
16%
Polyether/Polyoils
14%
Food
11%
Others
11%
Tobacco
6%
Glycerol market in 2002
Glycerol: From by-product to waste
• ≈10 tones of glycerol /100 tones of biodiesel produced
€/GJ
Epichlorohydrin 30-40
Transportation Fuel 10
Electricity 3
Alternative applications of glycerol
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Glycerol Potential
HCl
Epichlorohydrin
Glycerol
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Glycerol Chlorination: Overview
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Motivation
Mechanism and kinetics revealed using
semi-batch reactor mode. (Accepted
Manuscript, Chemical Engineering Science)
Next step: reaction intensification.
Evaluate the performance of a coupled
reaction-separation system, namely,
reactive distillation
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Reaction Apparatus
Analytical methods: Gas Chromatography and Acid-Base Titration
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Reaction Mechanism
cat + H+ = catH+ (0)
A + catH+ = E1 + W + H+ (1)
E1 + H+ = I1+ + cat (2A)
A + H+ = I1+ + W (2B)
I1+ + Cl- = α (3)
I1+ + Cl- = β (4)
α + catH+ = E2 + W + H+ (5)
E2 + H+ = I2+ + cat (6)
I2+ + Cl- = αγ (7)
___________________________________
Overall reactions:
A + H+Cl- = α + W
A + H+Cl- = β + W
α + H+Cl- = αγ + W
Ester (E1) Intermediate
Epoxide (I1+)Intermediate
2nd Chloriantion
1st Chloriantion
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Glycerol Conversion
*12% of catalyst used in both reaction modes
The temperature shows a slight bigger effect on the glycerol conversion
in the reactive distillation system
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HCl Liquid Uptake
Significant change on the HCl liquid uptake behavior at 105oC may be
explained by the water distillation from the system, diminishing the HCl
solubility in the liquid phase.
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Distillate Analysis (1)
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Distillate Analysis (II)
Distillate analysis show a high selectivity to αγ-Dichlorohydrin
compared to α-Monochlorohydrin
*12% of catalyst used in both reaction modes
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Semi-Batch vs. Reactive Distillation (I)
The reactive distillation mode seem to decrease the reaction rate at 70oC.
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Semi-Batch vs. Reactive Distillation (II)
The reactive distillation mode seem to have little influence on the glycerol
conversion and HCl liquid uptake compared to the semi-batch mode.
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Future More experiments are needed in order to
fully cover the experimental matrix and ultimately draw the final conclusions. Although, it may be already observed that the reactive distillation system is not effective on increasing the reaction rates, it might serve as a good way to separate the desired product (αγ-Dichlorohydrin).
More details about the gas-liquid mass transfer of water and catalyst (acetic acid, B.P. 117oC) may be the key for explaining the observed behaviors.
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Acknowledgments
Thanks for your attention!