Gluten Content Gluten Content ClassificationClassification

Michael SolomonMichael Solomon

slide content provided by: Lianne Beck, MDslide content provided by: Lianne Beck, MD

Assistant Professor, Emory Family MedicineAssistant Professor, Emory Family Medicine

What is Gluten?What is Gluten?

Protein found in many grainsProtein found in many grains Actually, a protein composite ofActually, a protein composite of

ProlaminProlamin

GlutelinGlutelin

Primarily in wheat endospermPrimarily in wheat endosperm Also found in rye and barleyAlso found in rye and barley

Gives dough elasticityGives dough elasticity Makes baked goods fluffy, light, and chewy Makes baked goods fluffy, light, and chewy

Why Gluten Free?Why Gluten Free?

““Gluten-free” diets are popularGluten-free” diets are popular

Health benefitsHealth benefits Autism – believed to improve symptomsAutism – believed to improve symptoms Reduces toxins in bloodstreamReduces toxins in bloodstream Pro-inflammatory agent reductionPro-inflammatory agent reduction

Gluten intoleranceGluten intolerance Allergy to glutenAllergy to gluten

Celiac diseaseCeliac disease

Celiac diseaseCeliac disease

Autoimmune disorder with a prevalence of approximately Autoimmune disorder with a prevalence of approximately 0.5 to 1 percent in the United States (1 in every 100-200 0.5 to 1 percent in the United States (1 in every 100-200 persons)persons)

Inappropriate immune response to glutenInappropriate immune response to gluten

After absorption in the small intestine these proteins After absorption in the small intestine these proteins interact with the antigen-presenting cells in the lamina interact with the antigen-presenting cells in the lamina propria causing an inflammatory reaction that targets the propria causing an inflammatory reaction that targets the mucosa of the small intestinemucosa of the small intestine

Manifestations range from no symptoms to overt Manifestations range from no symptoms to overt malabsorption with involvement of multiple organ malabsorption with involvement of multiple organ systems and an increased risk of some malignanciessystems and an increased risk of some malignancies

TreatmentTreatmentAvoidance of food products that contain gluten proteinsAvoidance of food products that contain gluten proteins

Key elements to successful treatment include the Key elements to successful treatment include the motivation of the patient, the attentiveness of the motivation of the patient, the attentiveness of the physician to comorbidities that need to be addressedphysician to comorbidities that need to be addressed

National celiac disease support organizations can National celiac disease support organizations can provide patients invaluable resources for information and provide patients invaluable resources for information and supportsupport

Treatment depends entirely on the patient's ability to Treatment depends entirely on the patient's ability to identify and avoid sources of dietary gluten proteinsidentify and avoid sources of dietary gluten proteins

Identifying gluten in products is not easy!!!!Identifying gluten in products is not easy!!!!

Classification Project Classification Project

Purpose:Purpose: Provide a method, using data mining, that Provide a method, using data mining, that

assists celiac patients in identifying sources of assists celiac patients in identifying sources of dietary glutendietary gluten

OutlineOutline Construct training data (interesting scope)Construct training data (interesting scope) Identify effective classification algorithmsIdentify effective classification algorithms Evaluate classification algorithmsEvaluate classification algorithms Recommend classification methodRecommend classification method

Construct Training/Test DataConstruct Training/Test Data

““Authoritative” sourcesAuthoritative” sources ArticlesArticles Web sitesWeb sites BlogsBlogs

Descriptive information pertaining to glutenDescriptive information pertaining to gluten

Harvest textHarvest text Convert to Weka .arff formatConvert to Weka .arff format Add filter (StringToWordVector)Add filter (StringToWordVector)

Test data – products with ingredientsTest data – products with ingredients

Next StepsNext Steps

Identify Classification AlgorithmsIdentify Classification Algorithms Weka implementationsWeka implementations

Evaluate AlgorithmsEvaluate Algorithms Compare precisionCompare precision FN more costly than FP (w.r.t. Gluten free)FN more costly than FP (w.r.t. Gluten free)

Recommend “best” methodRecommend “best” method Best approach to effectively assessing the Best approach to effectively assessing the

likelihood of a product containing glutenlikelihood of a product containing gluten

Thank You!Thank You!