GLOSSARY OF WORDS, EXPRESSIONS AND ACRONYMS ambuya: grandmother and aunt (FM; MM, MBW) baba: father (F; FB) babamukuru: elder brother of father or husband babamunini: younger brother of father or husband babakadzi: paternal aunt (FZ/HFZ); lit: female father barika: polygyny bonde: sleeping mat of reed bvuri: casted bad spirit chefu: poison chete: only chidao: sub-clan chidziro: minor wall poles chigara mapfiwa: to inherit the fireplace/kitchen (one of the different types of

marriages) chikwerete: debt chikwambo: revenging spirit (ngozi) of a stranger chipanda: parents allocate their received daughter's bridewealth to the payments

of the son's bridewealth chipo gift or present chipunha: female shave spirit for crops and rain chitupa: identity card or any identification certificate chiutsi: smoke chirombo: shave spirit of an animal chivanhu: culture of human beings chizvarwa: place of birth chokwadi: truly danga: cattle paid during second or third bridewealth payment stage. Danga

is also a kraal (a place where livestock is kept) dare: court dhliwayo: termites (totem of clan) dhunduru: 0,04 hectare doro: beer dube: zebra (totem of clan) dumburanzou: headman dzimba: houses dzinza: patrikin or patri-lineage dzviti: lit: warrior; good shave spirit for healing fodya: snuff gata: gathered money to consult a n'anga godo: jealousy/envy go-go-goi: knock-knock-knock gova: dry-river-valley gumbo: leg (totem of sub-clan) gupuro: divorce token hakata: divining bones hama: relative or relatives hari: claypot hasha: long thin sticks hozi: granary humwe: people come to work and after that they eat ('work party') hungwe: guinea fowl (totem of clan)

248 Glossary

hurumende: government imba: house kubatana: to be united kubatanidza: to unite kubatsira: to help/to assist kubatsirana: to help each other kubika: to cook kubvisa: to remove kubvuma: to agree kubvunzira: to request kuchengeta: to look after kuchinjanisa: to barter kudira: to name an animal after a deceased person kudzadza: to come down/to fulfil/to fill up kufemha: to sneeze kugadza: to be throned kugadzira: to prepare or to make kugara: to live; to stay; to sit kugara nhaka: levirate; wife chooses 'brother' of deceased kugarwa nhaka: levirate; 'brother' of deceased chooses wife kugobora: to dig out trees kupira: to worship or to honour by giving beer kucheka ukama: to break the relationship kumuka: to wake up/to be possessed kunamata: to pray kuombera maoko: clapping hands kupa: to give kupembera: to confess kupfuka: to revenge kupfura: to pass or to shoot kupinga: to control kupumha: to accuse somebody to be a witch kuputswa: forced to be married kuregererwa: to be forgiven kurima: to cultivate/to plough kuripa: to compensate kuroiwa: to be killed/to bewitch kuroora guva: lit: marrying the grave; which means that the husband of the

deceased wife has to complete the bridewealth payments kurova guva: lit: hitting the grave; which means that the spirit of deceased is taken

home (the ceremony) and that the grave is cemented kurova hoko: hammering a first peg into the ground kurambwa: to be divorced kurambana: to divorce each other kurwara: to be ill kusema: to dislike kushandira: to work for something kushopera: to tell the future kusunga: to tie kutadza: to fail kutamba: to play kutarisa: to look/to watch kutema: to cut/to chop

Error! Bookmark not defined.

Glossary 249

kutemaugariri: to work for bridewealth (one of the different types of marriages) kutizira: to run away (one of the different types of marriages) kutonga: to rule kutorwa: to be taken kuuraya to kill kuwirirana: to be used to each other/to have an agreement with each other kuyemura: to admire mabiko: party mabvunziro: first stage of bridewealth payments mabvuri: casted bad spirits madhunduru: plural of dhunduru (0,04 hectare) madumburanzou: headmen madziashe: kraalhead from a family who once provided a Paramount chief madzibaba fathers (F;FB) madzimai: mothers (M; FBW; MZ) madzimambo: Paramount chiefs madzimbuya: grandmothers (FM; MM; MBW) madzitete: paternal aunts (HZ;HFZ) madziteteguru: female ancestral family spirits madzviti: lit: warriors; good shave spirits for healing mafuta: fat or oil mai: mother (M; FBW; MZ) maiguru: elder sister of mother or elder HBW mainini: younger sister of mother or younger HBW magariro: way of living magobo: field or area where trees are removed maheu: sweet beer mambo: Paramount chief mashavi: animal or alien spirits which can be good or bad masika: main wall poles masungiro: a goat which is paid by the husband's family to the wife's family after

a first child is born masvikiro: spirit mediums matare: courts matorwa: wife goes to husband's place after the first bridewealth payment is

done (one of the different types of marriages) mazambia: wrapping clothes mbizi: zebra (totem of clan) mhepo: casted bad spirits (lit: wind) mhofu: eland (totem of clan) mhuri: family mirandu: channels misha: homesteads in the rural area; villages; countries mitemo: rules or laws mitupo: totems of clans miuyu misere: eight baobab trees mombe: cattle mubereki: parent muchato: civil or formal marriage muchongoyo: Ndau traditional dance mudzimu: a family ancestral spirit muenzi: newcomer or visitor mufushwa: dried vegetables

250 Glossary

mukadzi: woman or wife mukoko: beehive mukombe: drinking vessel mukondombera: an illness which is spread world-wide (HIV/Aids) mukuru: head mukuwasha: son in law; husband's family in bridewealth payments munyai: intermediator; spokeswoman; spokesman munin'ina: younger brother or sister munhu: person mupfuhwira: love-potion murandu: channel muridzi: owner murimi: farmer muriwo: relish muroora: daughter in law muromo: mouth muroyi: lit: killer; witch murume: man or husband murongi: organiser mushandi: worker mushandirapamwe: assisting each other by working in turn on each other's fields mushonga: medicine and chemicals musha: homestead in the rural area; or village; or country mutape: village chief; informer of the Paramount chief; kraalhead; owner of

the tax book; mutemi: one who cuts mutemo: rule or law mutongi: ruler or judge mutorwa: foreigner; daughter in law mutupo: totem of clan mutungamiri: leader muturikiri translator muzukuru: grandchild mwana: child mwari: God mweya: bad or good spirit (air) mwoyo: heart (totem of sub-clan) n'anga: traditional or African doctor ndauwe: you are allowed to enter (this homestead) ndiro: plate ngano: tales ngozi: angry revenging spirit nhamo: problems nhungo: roofing poles nyika: country nzuzu: mermaid shave spirit nzvimbo: a place nzvimbo yekugara: a place to live pamberi: forwards pfuma: lit: wealth. second stage of bridewealth payments povo: lit: mass; drought relief sababa: big father of the patrikin or patri-lineage sabhuku: owner of the tax book

Error! Bookmark not defined.

Glossary 251

sadunhu: owner of an area saguta: owner of villages or homesteads samukuru: older aged negotiator, spokesman or spokeswoman during

bridewealth payments samukadzi: the owner of the wife is the vatete (FZ/HFZ) samusha: head of the homestead sekuru: grandfather; uncle (FF; MF AND MB) shavi: animal or alien spirit which can be good or bad shiri: bird (totem of clan) shoko: monkey (totem of clan) sigauke: wild dog (totem of clan) svikiro: spirit medium tezvara: wife's family ukama: relationship udzvinyiriri: oppression upfumi: wealth uroyi: witchcraft usiku: night vabereki: parents vadzimu: family ancestral spirits vaenzi: newcomers or visitors vakadzi: women or wives vakuru: heads vakuwasha: sons in law; husband's family in bridewealth payments vana: children vanasekuru: grandfathers and uncles (FF; MF AND MB) vanhu: people vanyai: intermediators; spokeswomen; spokesmen varidzi: owners varimi: farmers varoora: daughters in law varongi: organisers varoyi: lit: killers; witches varume: men; husbands vashandi: workers vatape: village chiefs; informers of the paramount chief; kraalheads; owners

of the tax book. vatete: paternal aunt (FZ/HFZ) vatongi: rulers or judges vatorwa: foreigners; daughters in law vatungamiri: leaders vazukuru: grandchildren zvidao: sub-clans zvidhoma: dangerous very short human like creatures zvipunha: female shave spirits for crops and rain zvirombo: shave spirits of animals

252 Glossary

Acronyms F: Father M: Mother B: Brother Z: Sister S: Son D: Daughter W: Wife H: Husband HZ: vatete HFZ: vatete WFZ: vatete Agritex: Agricultural and Technical Extension Service IMC: Irrigation Management Committee ZIMWESI: Zimbabwe programme for Women studies, Extension, Sociology and

Irrigation UZ: University of Zimbabwe (Harare) WAU: Wageningen Agricultural University (Netherlands). NUFFIC: Netherlands Organisation for International Cooperation in Higher

Education (Netherlands) DGIS: Directorate General International Cooperation. FAO: Food and Agricultural Organisation (United Nations)