gloria's and mimi's show
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Gloria's and MiMi's show. Vietnam War’s economic distortions: - prices went up (oil 1970) - dollar not strong enough - all the money went to the War. Low improvements in: - education - scientific skill - manufacturing capacity. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Sources Of Stagnation
Vietnam War’s economic distortions:
- prices went up (oil 1970)
- dollar not strong enough
- all the money went to the War
Low improvements in:
- education - scientific skill - manufacturing
capacity
President Lyndon B. Johnson spend money on the Vietnam War and in his Great Society program which caused:
- too much money in people’s hands and too little products to buy
Causes for the U.S not advancing:
- Americans got caught by the Japanese and Germans industries doing dominated:
- steel, automobiles, consumer electronics
Nixon “Vietnamizes” the War
President Richard Nixon brought to the house:
- knowledge - thoughtful
expertise in foreign affairs
- Nixon problems: - Americans
were dissension over Vietnam and race relations
- ripping apart of American society
Fix the Vietnam dilemma:
-policy “Vietnamization”
- which 540,000 Americans troop were pulled out of Southeast Asian a war turned back over to Vietnamese
By January 1970 the Vietnam War was the longest in America History
- 40,000 killed and over 250,000 wounded
- third costly War
My Lai Massacre 1968 American troops brutally massacred innocent women and children
- led to more opposition to the war
1970 Nixon attacked Cambodia which are Vietnam’s neighbor
North Vietnamese and Viet Cong used Cambodia:
- bordering South Vietnam on the West as springboard for troops
- weapons and supplies
April 29,1970 Nixon ordered American forces to join the South Vietnamese:
-clean out the enemy sanctuaries in officially neutral Cambodia
Students from Kent State University in Ohio respond angry to the invasion with rocks, window smashing, and arson
National Guard fired;
-killed 4 and wounding many
Students from College in Mississippi highway patrol discharged volleys and killed 2 students
1971 the 26 amendment:
- lowered the voting age to 18
the New York Times published “Pentagon Papers” which caused people to spoke between what the government said and the reality
Nixon’s Détente with Beijing(Peking) and Moscow
China and Soviet Union were clashing over interpretations
-U.S (Nixon) seized the chance to relax tension and establish “détente”
Nixon then went to China to better relations (succeeded)
Nixon then went to Moscow in May 1972:
- foodstuffs
- alarmed over possibility of a U.S
Deal between America and China:
-sell the Soviets $750 million worth of wheat, corn, and other cereals
A New Team on the Supreme Bench
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) struck down a state law
- banned use of contraceptives, even married couples, however “right to privacy”
protected the women’s abortion rights
Griswold v. Wainwright (1963):
- free legal counsel if to poor
Escobedo(1964) and Miranda(1966)
- right to remain silent and other protection when accused of a crime
U.S and the USSR agreed to an anti-ballistic missile (ABM) treaty
-limiting each nation to 2 clusters of defensive missiles
- arm-reduction negotiations know as SALT
- freezing numbers of long-range nuclear missiles for five years
ABM Treaty(anti-ballistic missile) and the SALT(strategic arms limitation talks) lessened tension
- U.S MIRV(multiple independently reentry vehicles) missiles which could over come any defense which the USSR did the same
Nixon détente policy work
Engle v. Vitale(1962) and School District of Abington vs. Schempp(1963)
- (court)required prayers and having Bible in public schools
- Brown v. Board of Education made the court back up
Nixon chose Warren E. Burger to replace Earl Warren
- Nixon had four new members that were appointed
The Nixon Landslide of 1972
1972 Vietnamese attacked with heavily equipped with foreign tanks
Nixon responded with massive booms
- China nor Russia helped because of Nixon
Nixon’s campaign emphasized that he had wound down “Democratic war”
Nixon won the election in a landslide
- 520 electoral votes to 17 McGovern
Nixon sought “bomb Vietnam to the peace table
Nixon on the Home Front Nixon’s Great Society
programs: - increased
Medicare and Medicaid - Aid Families
with Dependent Children
- Supplemental Security Income =
benefited indigent, aged, blind, disabled raised Social Security
Nixon plan (Philadelphia Plan) = required construction-trade unions to establish “goals and timetables” for black employees
White protested to “reverse discrimination”
Nixon worried about the inflation:
- 90 days wage freeze
And took the nation off the gold standard
January 23, 1973 Nixon eventually drove the North Vietnamese to bargaining table to agree to cease fire
pace = U.S withdraw its remaining 27,000 troops get back 560 prisoners of war
The Secret Bombing of Cambodia and the War Powers Act
July 1973 America was shock that U.S Air Force had secretly conducted thirty-five hundred b0mbing raids North Vietnamese in Cambodia
Americans wonder that we have been fighting a war that we knew nothing about
Nixon kept on bombing until June 1973
bombing inflicted grisly wounds Cambodia, blasting people, shredding it’s economy and revolutionizing its politics
Cambodia was taken over by Pol Pot
Pol Pot tried to commit genocide by
killing 2 million people over a span War Powers Act November 1973=
president to report committing troops to foreign in 48 hours end in 60 days
“New Isolationism” = discourage to use U.S troops in other countries
The AraB oil embargo and the Energy crisis
Syrians and Egyptians attacked Israel for regain the territory they had lost in the 6 days of war 1967
the U.S back up Israel Arab nations impose
oil embargo= U.S limited oil and fuel crisis
“energy crisis”= 55 mph to conserve fuel
U.S 1948 imported oil but then went down hill 1970
oil consumption tripled at the end of WW 2
1991 U.S went into shooting against Iraq over oil supplies
OPEC lifted embargo 1974 = quadrupled oil price
U.S led on forming the international Energy Agency 1974
Water Gate & Unmaking of a President
On June 1972 five men working for the Republican Committee for the Re-election of the president (Creep)were caught breaking into the water gates hotel and planting some bugs in the room
-what followed -a huge scandal -many prominent administrators resigned Lengthy hearings proceeded, headed by senator Sam
Eruing, and john Dean 3rd testified about all the corruption, illegal activities, and scandal's that took place
They discovered tapes that recorded the conversation, but Nixon refused to hand over the tapes
Vice president Spiro Agrew was forced to resign in 1973 due to tax evasion
Thus, the accordance of the new 25th Amendment
On august 5,1974, Nixon finally released the three tapes, proving he had ordered a cover up of the Watergate situation
The First Unelected President
Gerald Ford was the first unelected ever, since his name had been submitted by Nixon as a V.P candidate when Sprio Agrew resigned due to a bribery scandal while he was Maryland governor
He was also seen as a dumb jock of a president Che was a former University of Michigan football player) and his popularity and respect further sank when he issued a full pardon of Nixon, thus setting off accusations of a “buddy deal”
His popularity also declined when he granted amnesty to “draft dodgers” thus allowing them to between to the U.S from whenever they’d run to usually Canada and Europe
In July 1975, Ford signed Helsinki accords, which recognized soviet boundaries, guaranteed human rights, and eased the U.S soviet situations
Defeat In Vietnam
Disastrously for ford, South Vietnam fell to the communist North in 1975, and American troops had to be evacuated, the last on April 29, 1975, thus ending the U.S pole in Vietnam war.
America seemed to have last the war, and it had, also a lot of respect.
Feminist Victories and Repeats
During the 1970”s the feminist movement became energized and took a decidedly aggressive tone.
Title ix prohibited sex discrimination in any federal funded education program
a) it’s largest impact was seen in the emergence of girls sports
The supreme Court entered the fray in the feminist movement
a) the Court decisions challenged in legislation and employment.
b) the Super-hot Roev Wade case legalized abortion, arguing the ending a pregnancy was protected under a right to privacy.
Even more ambitious was ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) to the constitutions
The Seventies in Black and White
Race was a burning issues, and in the 1974 Milliken V. Bradly case, the supreme court ruled that desegregation plans could not require students to move across school- district lines
Affirmative action, where minorities were given preference in jobs or school admittance, was another burning issue,but some whiles used this to argue ‘reverse discrimination”
The Supreme court”s only black justice, thurgood marshall, warned that the denial of racial preference might sweep away the progress gained by the civil right movement
The Bicentennial Campaign and the Cartar
Victory In 1976, Jimmy Carter
barely squeezed by Gerald Ford (297 to 240) for president, promising to never lie to the American public. He also had democratic majorities in both houses of congress.
1978, Carter got an 18 billion tax cut for America, but economy soon continued sinking
Despite an early spurt of popularity, Carter soon lost it
Carter’s Humanitarian Diplomacy
Carter was a champion for human rights, & in Rhodesia (later Zimbabwe) & south Africa, he championed for black rights & privileges
September 17, 1978, president an war sad at of Egypt & prime minister menachem begin of Israel signed peace accord at camp David
In Africa, though, several communist revolutions took place not all successful, but dishearten & threatening still
Carter also pledged to return the panama canal to panama ‘by the year 200, & resumed full diplomatic relations with china 1979
Economic & energy was
-inflation had been steadily rising & by 1979 it was at a huge 13% Americans would learn that they could no longer rude behind their ocean moats & live happily insulted from foreign affair
carter diagnosed America's problems as streaming primarily from the nation’s costly dependence on foreign oil, which was true
Foreign affairs and the iranian imbroglio
Cater signed the salt 11 agreements with soviet premier Heroid Brezhnez, but the u.s senate wouldn’t ratify it
then on November 4, 1979 a bunch of anti American Muslim militants stormed the U.s embassy in Tehran and took the people inside hostage demanding that the u.s two weeks earlier for cancer treatments