Glocale. Rivista molisana di storia e scienze sociali (www.storiaglocale.it) Direttore: Gino Massullo (direttoreglocale@ilbenecomune.it) Comitato di redazione: Rossella Andreassi, Antonio Brusa, Oliviero Casacchia, Renato Cavallaro, Raffaele Colapietra, Gabriella Corona, Massimiliano Crisci, Marco De Nicolò, Norberto Lombardi, Sebastiano Martelli, Massimiliano Marzillo, Gino Massullo, Giorgio Palmieri, Roberto Parisi, Rossano Pazzagli, Edilio Petrocelli, Antonio Ruggieri, Saverio Russo, Ilaria Zilli Segreteria di redazione: Marinangela Bellomo, Maddalena Chimisso, Michele Colitti, Antonello Nardelli, Bice Tanno Direttore responsabile: Antonio Ruggieri Progetto grafico e impaginazione: Silvano Geremia Questa rivista è andata in stampa grazie al contributo di:

Provincia di Campobasso

MoliseUnioncamere

Unioncamere Molise Redazione e amministrazione: c/o Il Bene Comune, viale Regina Elena, 54 – 86100 Campobasso, tel. 0874 979903, fax 0874 979903, glocale@ilbenecomune.it Abbonamento annuo (due numeri): € 25,00. Per abbonamenti internazionali: paesi comunitari, due numeri, € 37,00; paesi extracomunitari, due numeri, € 43,00. I ver-samenti in conto corrente postale devono essere effettuati sul ccp n. 25507179 inte-stato a Ass. Il Bene Comune, Campobasso Garanzia di riservatezza per gli abbonati. L’editore fornisce la massima riservatezza nel trattamento dei dati forniti agli abbonati. Ai sensi degli artt. 7, 8, 9, D. lgs. 196/2003 gli interessati possono in ogni momento esercitare i loro diritti rivolgendosi a: Il Bene Comune, viale Regina Elena, 54 – 86100 Cam-pobasso, tel. 0874 979903, fax 0874 979903, glocale@ilbenecomune.it Il garante per il trattamento dei dati stessi ad uso redazionale è il direttore responsabile

4

Migrazioni

Novembre 2011

Argilli / Casacchia / Chieffo / Chiodi / Colucci / Costa / Crisci / De Clementi / De Luca / De Martino / Di Rocco / Di Stasi / Faonte /

Izzo / N. Lombardi / T. Lombardi / Marinaro / Martelli / Massa / Massullo / Melone / Palmieri / Pazzagli / Pesaresi / Piccoli / Pittau /

Presutti / Ruggieri / Scaroina / Spina / Tarozzi / Verazzo

In copertina: Berga, Gli emigranti, tecnica mista, tela, 110 x 140 cm, 2012 © 2013 Glocale. Rivista molisana di storia e scienze sociali, Edizioni Il Bene Comune Tutti i diritti riservati Registrazione al Tribunale di Campobasso 5/2009 del 30 aprile 2009

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Abstracts

Andreina De Clementi Southern Italy Emigration after World War II

After the Second World War the Italian post-fascist state tries to solve the

problem of high unemployment rates, fostering mass migration abroad. Moreover, the Italian state makes the effort to rule the whole process, through the means of bilateral agreements between states.

The weak responses given to the need of agrarian reform generate mobili-zation of unskilled workers masses, especially from the south. After US bor-ders get closed permanently, the final destinations of these workers firstly become the traditional Southern American landing places; then Western Eu-rope prevails, together with emerging countries such as Canada, Australia and Venezuela. Later on, the overall picture of Italian migration flows gets even more complicated because of the economic boom, when northern in-dustries become capable to attract peasants from the south.

In the southern areas, remittances gained through these multiple possibili-ties give way to a diffused access to consumer society, even though the solid background of an economic structural development is lacking.

Michele Colucci Governments, political parties, trade unions: migration policies

The paper gives an overview on trade unions and political parties opinion

about mass emigration in Italy after the Second World War. Migration poli-cies were an highly discussed issue during the years of post-war reconstruc-tion, also within same political alignments. The analysis of the migration phenomenon given by the ruling class of that time provides some long last-ing guide lines.

Norberto Lombardi People from Molise between transoceanic vocations and continental appeal

The migration of people coming from the Italian region of Molise, that to-ok place in the second half of the 20th century, is presented for the first time in a detailed and organic way. The analysis includes details about the new migratory flows after WWII towards transoceanic countries where migra-tions had taken place previously, and towards European countries, a quite

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new destination for migrants from Molise. At the same time, the analysis de-scribes the setting down of migratory flows towards new transcontinental destinations like Canada, Venezuela, and Australia – which will play a sig-nificant role as for the migratory choices of the Molisani – and a new phase in terms of European migration: the consolidation of flows towards Switzer-land and Germany. The migration towards these destinations anticipates long-haul migrations that will develop in the last decades of the century and that is apparently becoming stronger nowadays.

The numbers of the people from Molise present in the different destina-tions is accounted through the use of Ministry sources and AIRE (Registry of Italians Residents Abroad) and also quality aspects are enlighten.

The essay ends with a reference to NGOs, the analysis of the adopted legis-lation and of the initiatives promoted by Regione Molise and by other local authorities with reference to the essays and writings dealing with the migra-tions of people from Molise in the last decades.

Cristiano Pesaresi Exodus from Molise between 1952 and 1980.

New destinations and socio economic consequences

In this paper, the migration process recorded in Molise between 1952 and 1980 is analyzed, both for the flows towards other Italian regions and those to the major foreign countries. Attention is particularly focussed on the period 1962-1968, which saw important variations in migrant numbers, and on the year of maximum outflow (1967), because the detailed nature of the data al-lowed us to make an exhaustive quantitative and distributive description of the situation. Also, input is provided on the causes and the socio-demographic, economic, productive, emotional and perceptual consequences of these migra-tory flows, of which Molise Region continues to pay a heavy price.

Oliviero Casacchia e Massimiliano Crisci The silent migration: People from Molise on global routes

In recent decades, geographical mobility has diversified and led to more

complex and unstable shapes. In Southern Italy, the revival of “traditional” migration to the central and northern regions is occurring in addition to new migratory behaviours with largely submerged characteristics.

Labour migration is increasingly marked by temporary migration, which does not leave administrative traces and shows itself in forms of weekly, se-asonal or intermittent long-distance commuting, and into a plurality of resi-

Abstracts

323

dence places, i.e. in the development of strategies to extend the living space and to reconcile work and family needs.

Molise is a regions among the most affected by these forms of migration, particularly widespread among young people with a good level of education. The silent migration of young people from Molise indicates that the ageing process of the regional workforce is even higher than the official figures attest. Inadequate knowledge of the temporary migration phenomenon does not show clearly the real social and economic costs to Molise society and families.

Renato Marinaro e Franco Pittau Foreign Immigration in Molise: presences, social and employment aspects

Despite Molise is one of the smallest Italian region – with a low number of

immigrants – it is still an interesting research field for Migration scholars. This is the topic presented by the authors of this paper, the two of them strongly aware that besides the importance of big urban cities migratory dy-namics also small communities ones are to be seriously taken into account. Indeed, it is in this context that people relate to each other more directly and the integration process – when achieved – is more deep.

Starting with the statistical data on current presences (about 6.500 regular immigrants) the authors first examine the main historical and cultural mark-ers, then analyze the employment and business issues, and finally they deal with the regional indexes of integration that, in comparison with the other Italian region, place Molise region in the mid-range, in spite of the lack of its available resources. However, significant problems are enlighten in relation with the immigrants reception procedures in the region.

Thus spoke Mons. Bregantini – archbishop of Campobasso – on this topic: “Immigrants should be granted an extraordinary residence permit. We should revise our Labor Law and we must all be united because none of us have easy solutions. We should create host centers in small rural villages to redistribute small groups of immigrants. They could repopulate our depopu-lated countries, as happened during the XVI-XVII centuries. It could be a winning plan and is the only solution I see”.

Sebastiano Martelli Literature as autobiography: Rimanelli writing across the ocean

The paper traces the history of Giose Rimanelli literary production. As for

any other Italian-American writer, the theme of emigration represents also for him an ‘inevitable narrative stumble’.

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Inside his all literary journey – from his first works during the fifties un-til now – Rimanelli created stories, words, images, that have supplied his own writing for more than sixty years building a significant bridge across the Ocean.

Atypical features, originality, vitality, passion, freedom and misery have thus met to bind in the intellectual tranche de vie and in Rimanelli writing two worlds, two languages, two cultures.

Atipicità, originalità, vitalità, passione, libertà e sofferenza si sono così in-contrate a legare nella tranche de vie intellettuale e nella scrittura di Rima-nelli due mondi, due lingue, due culture.

Antonio Ruggieri Human resources

A debate chaired by Antonio Ruggieri

Human resources are the inhabitants, the population of any community; the aim they endeavour to achieve, as well as the tools they have to put them to good use.

For Molise, human resources have become an emergency; they have formed the basic issue which has accompanied and somehow interpreted its modernisation.

Emigration and immigration, (important) outgoing flows and (reduced) in-coming flows make up a diagram which describes the modern condition of the region under a number of aspects. In order to discuss thoroughly about this topic in occasion of a debate chaired by Antonio Ruggieri, we have in-vited in our editorial office Gino Massullo, historian and director of Glocale, Alberto Tarozzi, Dean of the master’s degree course in social policies and social service at the University of Molise, Antonio Chieffo, Regional coun-cillor for emigrants from Molise, Don Silvio Piccoli, Caritas coordinator for social work and ecumenism in the Termoli-Larino diocese, Loredana Costa, President of the association “Dalla parte degli ultimi” and Norberto Lombar-di, expert in the history of emigration and editor of Glocale.

Paola Melone Identity, emigration and anthropological positivism

This paper is part of a PhD research project in “Intercultural Relationships

and Processes” at the University of Molise. From an historical and socio-logical point of view, the author discuss the Anthropological Positivism the-ory which arises during the Italian national identity building process. This

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theory affirms significant ethnic and cultural differences between Southern and Northern Italians which change social relationships and how individuals perceive themselves. Moreover, this discrimination reaches the United States where the numbers of Southern Italians is prevalent. On this regard, the au-thor point out the impact of this theory on the cultural inclusion process of these early emigrants in the host society as well as the consequences on the Italian-American identity of future generations.

Jacopo Maria Argilli Women and guilds in medieval Italy

A detailed analysis of legal sources and statues of medieval Italian guilds – as

well as of the studies devoted to this topic – lets the author presents a prelimi-nary research about the relationship between female workers and craft corpora-tions in medieval Italy.

A gradual exclusion of the female component from craft guilds during the shift from Middle to Modern Age is enlighten by the study of women’s role in the manufacturing reality of different Italian cities such as Rome, Flor-ence, Bologna or Piacenza: a situation highly different from that of the other European countries (France, Germany, England).

An insight on the city of Florence will stress the main issue: the condition of subjection of women in the Italian guilds world doesn’t mean a female ab-sence from the work scene. Rather, it implies a women legalized minority status deeply rooted inside the social conscience as well as inside the pro-duction system of the country.

Giorgio Palmieri Historiography and bibliography. Notes about “books on books”

Inspired by the recent publication of a book devoted to the exceptional lit-

erary production of the historian Giuseppe Galasso, the article remarks the importance of bibliographies as tools of understanding and interpretation.

The analysis of bibliographies of the works of some of the greatest con-temporary historians of Southern Italy (Alfredo Zazo, Augusto Placanica, Raffaele Colapietra, Tommaso Pedìo, Renato Lalli) allows reflections and considerations on the role and function of Bibliography (intended as disci-pline) within today’s system of knowledge storage and diffusion and, in par-ticular, on the relationship between Bibliography and History.

A dialogue between the two disciplines, based on common methods and shared projects, could achieve unexpected results.

Finito di stampare nel mese di gennaio 2013

da Arti Grafiche Solimene s.r.l. Via Indipendenza, 23 - Casoria

per conto delle Edizioni Il Bene Comune