global water crisis one billion people do not have access to clean drinking water. 3.6 million...
TRANSCRIPT
Human Powered
Producing Potable Water for Developing Countries
Dustin Drake, Alfonso Liguori, Jeremy Smith
Florida Atlantic UniversityDepartment of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Reverse Osmosis
Global Water CrisisOne billion people do not have access
to clean drinking water.
3.6 million people die each year from water-related diseases.
98% of water-related deaths occur in the developing world.
A person can only live for a few days without water.
Human Powered RO SystemPurpose:
Create a device capable of providing potable water to people in developing nations
Focus:Low costPortabilityQualityEfficient
Human Power Supply
Human Power SupplyFor long duration / low intensity operations
Human input = 0.1 hp Very sustainable for a healthy person Short duration / low intensity operations will not overly tire the
operator
For short duration / high intensity operations Human input = 0.2 hp Sustainable for durations less than 3 hours Will leave the operator very tired after extended operation
Human Input MechanismDesign Goals:
Simple, natural motion Pedal driven Efficient transfer of mechanical energy Portability Rigid Construction
Positive Displacement PumpDesign Goals:
High pressure (100 psi)Low flow rate (0.3 gpm)Low maintenance
Reverse OsmosisTwo liquids of different concentrations separated by semi-
permeable membraneLess saturated naturally flows into more
saturatedPressure is applied to reverse this
process and is known as reverseosmosis or RO
Dirty water flows throughmembrane thereby filtering it
dirty water clean water
Reverse Osmosis PurifierHighly efficientRelatively low cost4 stages of filtration:
Sediment filter Activated carbon filter RO membrane Activated carbon filter
RO Numerical AnalysisPower requirement:
(: Power, : volumetric flow rate, : pressure)
psi gpm
Hp
UV PurificationDisables reproduction of microorganismsRO system filters then filters them out
Most effective at 253.7 nm wavelengthDifferent microorganisms require different intensities
Intensity approx. 30 mJ/cm2
Power required depends on exposure time, affected by:Size of bulb and pipeFlow rate of water
Electrical GenerationProvide electrical power to UV lampDesign Criteria:
14 watt UV bulb Expected efficiency = 40% Human input = 0.047 hp
Practical FeasibilityOnly 0.066 Hp neededPerson can provide 0.10 Hp for 8 hrs
1 gallon produced in 10 minutesOne person needs ½ gallon daily5 min per person per day
Discussion Uses:
Developing nationsCamping/backpackingEmergency disaster response (e.g. FEMA)
Considerations:Approx. $500 totalRO membrane can last for 3-4 yearsSmall village could have clean water with one system
ConclusionViable
Efficient
Economical
Effective