global warming and increasing trends of natural disasters in india
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8/3/2019 Global Warming and Increasing Trends of Natural Disasters in India
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Global Warming/Climate
Change and increasing trendsof Natural Disasters in India
Prof. Vinod K. SharmaProfessor, Disaster Management and Environment
Indian Institute of Public Administration
New Delhi
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Climate Change is reality
• Orissa Super Cyclone 1999
• Mumbai Floods 2005
• Surat Floods 2006• Rajasthan Floods 2007
• Cloud Bursts 2010
• Floods in Asia 2010• Monthly Temperature in 2010
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Growing Emission of CO2 and
Green House Gases
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Greenhouse Gases
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) 50%
• Methane (CH4
) 18% 74%
• Nitrous oxide (N2O) 6%
• Hydroflurocarbons (HFCs)
• Perflurocarbons (PFCs)26%
• Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
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WHO IS RESPONSIBLE
• Developed Countries and their life style
• Developing Countries and their basicneeds
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Per Country GHG in 2000
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Per Capita GHG in 2000
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Growth of CO2 Emission
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Global mean temperatures are rising faster with time
100 0.0740.018
50 0.1280.026
11 out of 12 recent years werewarmest in the century:
1998,2005,2003,2002,2004,2006,2001,1997,1995,1999,1990,2000
Period Rate
Years /decade
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Climate Change Syndrome
• Shorter winter
• Longer summer• Warmer nights
• Variation in season length
• Variability in rainfall
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Hail&Lightning
AvalanchesFlash floods
Tornadoes
Wildland fires
& haze
Hot & cold spells
Heavy precipitations
(rain or snow)
Droughts
Storm surges
Storm (winds)
River basin flooding
Mud & landslides
Ice Storms
Tropical cyclones
Dust storms
Weather, water and
climate-related
hazards
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How Serious is Climate Change?
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How India is affected by Climate
Change
• Himalayan Zone and North East
• Coastal Area
• Central India
• East, West, North and South
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Some Impacts
Foodgrains Production (Million Tonnes)
179.5184.3
191.5
180.4
199.4
192.3
203.6209.8
196.8
212.9
174.2
212.1
198.4
208.3
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
P r o d u c t i o n i n M i l l i o n T o n n e s
WHO Mortality rateattributable to
Climate ChangeIndia in the range
of 4-70 mortality for
every millionpeople.
Every cm rise insea level leads to 1
Mtr loss of land.
Sunderbans andOrissa have hadsubstantial land
losscv`
Average retreat of34 Mtrs in the last 5
years
Decadal average:17 mtrs
Trends indicate thatIndia could end uplosing 30% of its
agricultureproduction due toclimate change
(change in rainfall
patterns)`
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Major Natural
Disasters :
1990 - 2010
Earthquake, GujaratJanuary 26, 2001
Earthquakes
Uttarkashi 1991
Latur (Killari) 1993
Jabalpur 1997
Chamoli 1999
Kutchchh, Gujarat 2001
J&K 2005
Cyclones
East & West Godavari 1992&
dist.of Andhra Pradesh 1996
Kutchchh, Gujarat 1998
Orissa 1999
Floods
Punjab 1993
Kerala 1994
Punjab & Haryana 1996
Mumbai 2005
Tsunami
Andaman & Nicobar
Islands & coastal areas 2004
TsunamiDec.26, 2004
Earthquake, J&KOct.8, 2005
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Floods• Floods in the Indo-Gangetic-
Brahmaputra plains are an annual
feature
• On an average, a few hundred lives
are lost
• Millions are rendered homeless
Lakhs of hectares of crops are
damaged every year
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Wind and CyclonesDuring the Period 1877-2005 in a 50 km wide
strip following cyclonic activity have taken
place:
• 283 cyclones (106 severe) on the East Coast
• 35 cyclones (19 severe) on West Coast
• In the 19 severe cyclonic storms, death toll
> 10,000 lives
In 21 cyclones in Bay of Bengal
(India and Bangladesh) 1.25 million lives
have been lost
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Governance Issues
Relationship between Development andClimate Change-Sustainable Development
Relationship between Natural Resource
Management and Climate Change-Water,Soil and Air
Relationship between Disaster Risk
Reduction and Climate Change- HyogoFramework of Action-Preparedness,Mitigation and Adaptation
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Climate Change and DRR
• Water related hazards(Floods/Droughts/Cyclones/Heat or Coldwave etc)
• Food Security – Water
– Sustainable Agriculture
– Sustainable Forestry – Alternatives (Rural Industries)
– Adaptation measures
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Russia
Indonesia
Thailand
Turkey
Mexico
Iran
Pakistan
USA
China
India 57
56
25
19
8
6
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.6
(Million ha
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Precision land leveling
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Use of syphon tubes and getted pipes
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Sprinkler irrigation method is good for close growing crops
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Traveling gun sprinkler
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National Action Plan
• National Plan with 8 Missions
• State Level Plan
• District Level Plan• Block Level Plan
• Village Level Plan
• Sectoral Plans• Administration and Action Plans
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India: Climate Action Plan
• National Solar Mission• National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency• National Mission on sustainable habitat• National Water Mission• National Mission on Sustaining Himalyan
Ecosystem• National Mission on Green India•
National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture• National Mission on Strategic Knowledge forclimate change
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State Level Plans
• Delhi Action Plan 2009-2012
• Gujarat
• Orrisa
• Andhra Pradesh
• Madhya Pradesh
• Karnataka
• Uttarakhand
• Uttar Pradesh
i th i t
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…recognise the importance
of creativity and innovation
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THANKYOU