Global Trade, Empire, and Industrialization, 1600 - 1870

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W. J. Blaeuw, Amsterdam 1630 This image is in public domain. 3

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Engelbert Kaempfer, 1651-1716, A History of Japan

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Maria Sibylla Merian Neues Blumenbuch, 1675

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1521: Pigafetta, Antonio, ca. 1480/91–ca. 1534. “Figure of the Five Islands Where Grow the Cloves, and of Their Tree.” From volume 2 of Magellan’s Voyage: A Narrative Account of the First Circumnavigation.

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© Lencer. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commonslicense. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/.

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© Graphic Maps. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commonslicense. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/. 11

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Courtesy of Chinasage. Used with permission.

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Hendrick Avercamp Winterscape, 1608

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Anthony Beerstraten Gates of Leiden, 1665

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Frost Fair at the London Bridge, 1684

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The Nine Sloughs of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties

Years Reign Era Conditions

1295-1297 Yuanzhen Drought, flood, dragons

1324-1330 Taiding Drought, famine, locusts

1342-1345 Zhizheng Cold, drought, famine, flood, epidemics

1450-1455 Jingtai Cold, wet, famine, flood, epidemics

1516-1519 Zhengde Cold, wet, famine, earthquakes, epidemics, dragons

1544-1546 Jiajing Cold, drought, famine, epidemics

1586-1588 Wanli I Cold, drought, famine, flood, locusts, epidemics, dragons

1615-1617 Wanli II Cold, drought, famine, locusts, earthquake, dragons

1637-1643 Chongzheng Cold, drought, famine, locusts, earthquake, epidemics, sandstorms, dragons

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MIT OpenCourseWarehttp://ocw.mit.edu

21H.009 The World: 1400-PresentSpring 2014

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