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Global Plate Tectonics: The Unifying Model
Jason Swanepoel, Vicky Yeung, and Meg Richey
EE 60 N | October 2, 2018
Agenda
A brief history
Key vocabulary
Plate tectonics overview
Calculating shifts
Formations due to plate tectonics
Advances in technology
Agenda
A brief history
Key vocabulary
Plate tectonics overview
Calculating shifts
Formations due to plate tectonics
Advances in technology
A brief history
Francis Bacon: parallelism of shores facing Atlantic
1620s
Alfred Wegener: existence of Pangaea and Continental Drift
1928
Arthur Holmes: thermal convection in mantle split two halves of Pangaea apart
Harry Hess: seafloor spreading theory
1912 1960s
Agenda
A brief history
Key vocabulary
Plate tectonics overview
Calculating shifts
Formations due to plate tectonics
Advances in technology
Key VocabularyLithosphere- the solid, outermost part of the mantle
Asthenosphere- below the lithosphere. Weak, partially melted
Subduction- One plate moving below another plate
Transform- Where two plates slide past each other
Seismicity- Frequency of earthquake activity
Agenda
A brief history
Key vocabulary
Plate tectonics overview
Calculating shifts
Formations due to plate tectonics
Advances in technology
Theory of plate tectonics: the lithosphere is broken into a dozen rigid plates that slide over partially molten, plastic asthenosphere
Types of Plate Boundaries
https://www.age-of-the-sage.org/tectonic_plates/volcanoes_earthquakes.gif
Examples of Divergent Plate Boundaries
http://image.wikifoundry.com/image/1/8YPnPXCDtCss1y16k_3INA150951/GW539H471 http://opentextbc.ca/geology/wp-content/uploads/sites/110/2015/07/image0492.png
https://i.stack.imgur.com/lA2PQm.jpg
Examples of Convergent Plate Boundaries
http://static.trunity.net/files/164101_164200/164130/subduction_types.jpg
Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Mariana Islands, Aleutian Islands, Kuril Islands
Andes Mountains, Cascade Mountains
Himalayas, Atlas Mountains, Alps, Caucasus, Zagros Mountains, Tibetan Plateau
Examples of Transform Fault Plate Boundaries
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Cms59fd7PiY/VmRPJhFwBeI/AAAAAAAAHOY/QKJLwOybtIM/s1600/continental%2Btransform%2Bfaults.jpg https://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/parks/pltec/SAtransform244x201.gif
Driving Mechanism?
http://www.tectonic-forces.org/images/fig02.jpg
Agenda
A brief history
Key vocabulary
Plate tectonics overview
Calculating shifts
Formations due to plate tectonics
Advances in technology
Calculating ShiftsCalculating the velocity of the shifts at various time allows for estimations of shifts overtime, allowing for better modeling of how Earth has changed and will continue to change.
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~ecalais/teaching/eas450/plate_tectonics_2.pdf
Agenda
A brief history
Key vocabulary
Plate tectonics overview
Calculating shifts
Formations due to plate tectonics
Advances in technology
http://csmgeo.csm.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/PlateTect/Images/ophiohtm.gif http://csmgeo.csm.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/PlateTect/Images/ophiohtm.gif
Continental Shelf Deposits
http://www.sepmstrata.org/CMS_Images/coast_dep.jpg
Wilson Cycle
http://geography-student.blogspot.com/2012/02/wilson-cycle-opening-and-closing-of.html
Theory of Suspect TerranesThe idea that the continents are a patchwork of terranes each with its own unique geologic history.
Evidence:
1) Terrane contains rocks and fossils which differ from the rocks and fossils of neighboring terranes.
2) There are major faults at the boundary of each terrane.3) Magnetic properties of rocks differ between terranes.
https://image1.slideserve.com/2124821/suspect-terranes-n.jpg
Agenda
A brief history
Key vocabulary
Plate tectonics overview
Calculating shifts
Formations due to plate tectonics
Advances in technology
Advances in technology
● Magnetic anomaly bands are used to measure age of seafloor ● Isochrons allow reconstruction of the opening and closing of
oceans ● Fragmentation of Pangaea can be sketched
https://books.openedition.org/cdf/docannexe/image/2307/img-1.png
https://youtu.be/ewr0UhTvI7U
https://img.purch.com/w/660/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA0Ny8zMzQvb3JpZ2luYWwvUGFuZ2FlYS5qcGc=
https://pics.me.me/one-tectonic-plate-bumps-into-another-and-says-sorry-my-6886362.png
https://memegenerator.net/img/instances/75433115.jpg
http://gykantler.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Screen-shot-2011-08-23-at-2.53.30-PM.png