global navigation system(gns). what is navigation system? the guidance of ships or airplanes from...
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GLOBAL
NAVIGATION
system(GNS)
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What is navigation system?
• The guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place
• Navigation is the process of reading, and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. It is also the term of art used for the specialized knowledge used by navigators to perform navigation tasks.
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Applications Military(GPS) Search and rescue. Disaster relief. Surveying. Marine, aeronautical and terrestrial navigation. Remote controlled vehicle and robot guidance. Satellite positioning and tracking. Shipping. Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Recreation.
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•Military Global Positioning Satellite System (GPSS)
GPS is a satellite navigation system developed by the US
Dept. of Defense (DOD) established in 1973,run with24 sat.The Russian GLONASS,2007
GPS is used by aviators, mariners, surveyors, off-roaders, truck operators, bikers, hikers, hunters & fisherman
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gps
geosgeos
WAAS
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Car Navigation• On-board navigation• Fleet management• Roadside assistance• Stolen vehicle recovery• Enhanced services• Mass market dominated
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• Car Navigation system and ETC evolve and integrate, then various services will be realized all in one.
• These services are realized by the high-speed and large-capacity communication (5.8GHz DSRC) between the “ITS Spot” installed on the roadside and the in-vehicle car navigation system corresponding to the ITS spot services
• Various services such as providing wide-area traffic information or image are realized by the high-speed and large-capacity communication
Car navigation system corresponding to ITS spot services have been released on October 2009
ITS spots are deployed nationwide (around 1,600 units are installed mainly on expressways)
ITS Spot (roadside unit)
Car navigation system corresponding to the ITS Spot
High-speed and large-capacity communication (DSRC)
Expansion of Next-Generation ITS
10
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Main Functions of Map SummarizerMain Functions of Map Summarizer
Terminal CapabilityTerminal CapabilitySummarizationSummarizationASR ( Active Semantic Retrieval )
ORDBMSORDBMSSpatial Media
ShapeDeformation
Spatial IndexingSpatial Indexing
Media Conversion
Feature Selection
Telematics ASP CenterWirelessLAN
Hot Spot
Driving assist to the targetSeamless transfer to Walking
Orthogonize Road Angles
( , )x y1 1
),( 22 yx ( , )x y3 3
( , )x y4 4
k j i
i
j
kijv
jkv
i j k
i j k, , : NodeID
min)cos()(2
1
}{}{
2
kji
kjikjiijkji
ijijvij kuvkE
Relative angularamong vectors
Optimization formula
Shape Deformation Techniques
Spring Model of Road Shape
original result
dmax
dmax
dmax
dmax
dmax
Simplify Road Shape
If longest Distance; dmax e, ≧then leave corresponding points
original
result
Change Summarizing Levels based on Terminal Capabilities
Kokubunji CityStart
Goal Tokyo Int. Forum
Cell Phone Walker Guide
PDAs Walker Guide
Original Car Navigational Maps
CDMA20001x EV-DO Cell
PhoneBase
Station
Summarize for
Cell Phone
Summarize for
PDA
Mobile RouterMobile Router
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Portable receivers for fishermen, hunters, hikers, cyclists, etc.Recreational facilities -- golf courses, ski resortsIntegration of GPS into cellular phones
Consumer/Recreational
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Surveying/Mapping/GIS• Sub-centimeter accuracy• 100%-300% savings in
time, cost, & labor• Rural electrification• Telecom tower placement• Pipelines• Oil, gas, and mineral
exploration• Flood plain mapping
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Tracking/Machine Control
• Package/cargo delivery• Fleet and asset management• Theft recovery• Public safety and services• Farming, mining, and
construction equipment• DGPS/RTK required for many
applications
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Public Services• City planning• Transportation
infrastructure– Road Billing Network
(ROBIN)– Snowplows
• Emergency response– Law enforcement– Fire fighting– Search and rescue– Paramedics– Disaster relief
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Maritime Navigation
• GPS-based vessel tracking and traffic management maximizes effectiveness of waterways
• Improved safety increases maritime commerce
• Maritime DGPS service for enhanced accuracy and safety available in 34 countries
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Timing• GPS offers an inexpensive alternative to
costly, high maintenance timing equipment
• Telecommunications network synchronization & management– Phones, pagers, wireless systems
– LANs, WANs, Internet
• Financial transactions
• Electrical power grid management & fault location
• Digital signatures for e-commerce
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Scientific Research
Monitoring geological change
Glaciers, tectonic plates, earthquakes, volcanoes
Wildlife behaviorAtmospheric modeling
Water vapor content
Oceanic studiesTidal patternsSurface mapping
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Construction• Machinery, asset, and
personnel management
• Rapid surveys for laying foundation piles, etc.
• Accident prevention
• Remote control of machinery possible
GPS/RTK technology was used in the construction of the Øresund Bridge
between Denmark and Sweden
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Precision Agriculture
• Maximize use of resources– Optimized plowing of crop rows– Tailored applications of seeds, fertilizer, water,
pesticides– Improved management of land, machinery,
personnel, time– Greater crop yields
• Minimize environmental impacts– Localized identification and treatment of
distressed crops reduces chemical use– Precise leveling of fields prevents fluid runoff
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Open Pit Mining
• Enhanced management of assets, equipment
• Progress tracked in real-time, remotely
• Improved machine control saves time, lowers maintenance and fuel consumption, prevents accidents
• Rapid surveying for drilling blast holes
• Smaller, more empowered workforce
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Space Applications
• Improved orbit and attitude control for spacecraft, International Space Station
• Space Station return vehicle• Advance Land Observing Satellite
uses GPS to calibrate high resolution radar maps
• Satellite formation flying
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Hand-helds
TenKeys
SevenKeys
Trend is toward fewer keys.
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In telecommunications, direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a modulation technique. As with other spread spectrum technologies, the transmitted signal takes up more bandwidth than the information signal that is being modulated. The name 'spread spectrum' comes from the fact that the carrier signals occur over the full bandwidth (spectrum) of a device's transmitting frequency
Direct-sequence spread spectrum
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GPS Transmitted Signal
• Two signals are transmitted on carriers: L1 = 1575.42 MHz L2 = 1227.60 MHzThese are derived from the system clock of 10.23 MHz (phase quadrature)• Modulation used is Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum (code division multiple access - CDMA)
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