Global Nationalism

Nationalism: a feeling of strong devotion to one’s country. Usually people who share a common language and heritage. The belief that your nation can do no wrong

French Revolution

• The French Revolution inspired a strong sense of national unity in France

• This helped to spread the ideas of the French Revolution

Napoleon

• Napoleon also inspired nationalism among the nations that he conquered

• However these nationalistic feelings inspired conquered peoples to rise up against Napoleon and his French army

Nationalism Across Europe

• After the French Revolution, nationalism led to upheavals in Europe and elsewhere

• These movements for change/revolutions took place in: Greece, Poland, Belgium, Austria, Italy and Germany

Revolutions in Europe

Nationalism in Greece

• In 1821 Greece revolted against the Ottoman Empire Greece received support from Britain, France and Russia because of their Christian background

• By 1830 Greece was independent

Nationalism in Poland

Nationalists in Poland revolted in 1830 against Russia

However Poland did not receive much support and their revolution was crushed by Russian troops why?

Nationalism in Latin America

• In Latin America revolutions helped colonies shed Spanish and French control

• Feelings of nationalism helped these countries rise up against their mother country

• These colonies became independent nations

The Unification of Italy

• Since the fall of the Roman Empire Italy had been divided into many small states

• Many Italians wished to see Italy united again

Roman Empire

Italy after the Fall of the Roman Empire

• Decentralized under • Autonomous city-states,• Papal states or Austrian• Empire

Europe

Unification of Italy

• Three great leaders of Italian unification emerged: Giuseppe Mazzini, Count Camillo Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi

• Each helped to unify Italy into the country that it is today

Nationalism in Italy

• Giuseppe Mazzini formed the Young Italy national movement in 1831

• He was exiled for his views

• Mazzini was instrumental in being the "soul" of Italian nationalism.

Nationalism in Italy

• Cavour (shown here) was the "brain" in his role as a skilled diplomat. 

• Cavour successfully received aid from France in a war against the Austrians and eventually put Victor Emmanuel II on the throne of a completely united Italian nation-state in 1861.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

• Garibaldi was considered to be the "sword" of Italian nationalism. 

• His band of Red Shirts conquered forces opposed to unification and forced southern Italy into a cohesive political unit. 

A United Italy

• By 1870, Italy was a united country again

• The country faced many problems:

• 1.) The urban north quarreled with the rural south

• 2.) The Catholic Church argued with the government

German Unification

• In the early 1800s, most German people lived in small states, not a united country

• During Napoleon’s conquests, feelings of nationalism were increased

• Many people wished to see a united Germany

German Unification

• Prussia was the most powerful of the German states

• IN 1862, Otto von Bismark was appointed chancellor of Prussia

Germany Before Unification

Otto von Bismark

• Throughout the 1860s Bismark became a strong and practical leader

• He wanted the Prussian king to be the leader of a strong and united Germany

“Blood and Iron”

• Bismark believed that the only way to unify Germany was through a policy known as “blood and iron”

• He had no faith in speeches and diplomacy

• Only war

German Unification

• In seven years, Bismark led Prussia into three wars

• Each war increased Prussia’s prestige and moved the German states closer to unification

• Danish War: versus Denmark

• Austro-Prussian War: versus Austria

• Franco-Prussian War: versus France

Germany United

• IN 1871, the German states united under the Prussian king, William I

• He called himself the kaiser

• Kaiser comes from Caesar and means emperor

Zionism

• As nationalism grew in Europe it led to an increase in anti-Semitism

• As people became more patriotic about their country, they also became more intolerant of those whom they saw as outsiders, including Jews

Zionism

• As anti-Semitism grew, many Jews fled to Palestine, the ancient Jewish homeland in the Middle East

• There they built homes and organized communities

Zionism

Zionism

• A Jewish journalist named Theodor Herzl became alarmed by the anti-Semitism in Europe

• In 1896, he called for Jews to build their own country, this is known as Zionism

Zionism

• “Dreyfuss

• Affair”Vs Pan Arabnationalism

Nationalism in the Balkans

• Nationalism was a source of conflict in the Balkan peninsula of southeastern Europe

• There were many ethnic groups that were controlled by the Ottoman Empire

Nationalism in the Balkans

Nationalism in the Balkans

• Many nationalist groups rebelled against the Ottoman Empire and won their independence

• This included: Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria

Nationalism in the Balkans

• The Ottoman Empire became known as the “sick man of Europe” because of the land that was lost

• The empire slowly lost more and more territory

Nationalism:Reaction to Imperialism

• Chinese Nationalist revolution: Led by Dr. SunYat Sen against Quing Dynasty

• Mahdi Movement- Sudanese Islamist against British

• Pan Arab movement against Ottoman Rule

• Pan Slav Movement against Ottoman Rule

• Philipine Nationalist led by Emilio Aquinaldo against American forces

• Indian Nationalist Movement against British Raj-establish Indian National Congress and self-rule movement

• Japanese Natioanlism under Mejii restoration

• Russian Nationalism and Tsarist “Russification” process