global livestock: breeding and production (de amtc, 2010.12.06. prof. dr. hajas pál)

Global Livestock: Breeding and Production (DE AMTC, 2010.12.06.

Prof. Dr. Hajas Pál)

The World Animal

HusbandryPart 2.

Prof. Dr. Pal Hajas ([email protected])

www.euragro.hu

mailto:[email protected]

Livestock and Animal Production(1)

There has been rapid global expansion of

•production and •consumption of animal products which is expected to continue to grow.



Livestock and Animal Production(2)

While traditional livestock systems contribute to the livelihoods of 70% of the world's rural poor, increasingly the emerging large-scale operations with sophisticated technology and international trade cater for the rapidly growing markets for meat, milk and eggs.



Livestock and Animal Production (3)

Livestock production currently accounts for one third of the global crop land which is used to produce feed for animals and competes for land, water, energy and labour, and is being challenged by the vagaries of climate change and socio-economic pressures.




Increasing productivity - making the most efficient use of the production inputs - throughout the whole livestock sector will be fundamental if the sector is to meet the growing demand for quality livestock products whilst minimising its impact on the environmental and the world’s natural resources.




Increasing productivity, especially in the small to medium scale production systems, is currently constrained by lack of skills, knowledge and appropriate technologies compounded by insufficient access to markets, goods and services, and weak institutions.




The result is that both production and productivity remain below potential, and losses and wastage can be high.




However, adapted breeds, local feed resources and animal health interventions are available, along with improved and adapted technologies that include sound animal husbandry, on and off -farm product preservation and value-adding product processing.




Together with supportive policies and institutions, they have the potential to substantially improve productivity, income generation and to make a major contribution to poverty reduction.




The global programme on animal production focuses primarily on

•small-scale dairying, •small-medium scale poultry and, to a lesser extent, on •small ruminant systems




which can make a significant contribution to

•improved livelihoods and •local economic development.

This will be achieved through the provision of topical information, guidance and technical support.




What is „Animal Production?”

Ethiopia Bio Farming:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dWhHPSHW3E











We must go to the source!

How to handle our Global Animal Genetic

Resources?

http://lprdad.fao.org/cgi-bin/getblob.cgi?sid=-1,123

Exchange, Use and Conservation of Animal Genetic ResourcesPolicy and regulatory optionsS.J. Hiemstra1, A.G. Drucker2, M.W. Tvedt3, N. Louwaars1, J.K. Oldenbroek1,K. Awgichew4, S. Abegaz Kebede5, P.N. Bhat6 & A. da Silva Mariante7

1 Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN) of Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands2 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and School for Environmental Research, Charles Darwin University,Australia3 The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Norway4 Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Ethiopia5 Ambo College, Ethiopia6 World Buffalo Trust (WBT), India7 EMBRAPA Cenargen, Brazil



http://lprdad.fao.org/cgi-bin/getblob.cgi?sid=-1,123

Characteristics, status and trends of AnGR and the livestock sector (1)

Domestic animals supply •30% of total human requirements for food and agriculture and •70% of the world’s rural poor depend on livestock as a component of their livelihoods.




The global livestock sector consists of a

•variety of production systems and •farm animals are used for a variety of functions.




Centuries of selective breeding and exchange of farm animals or germplasm among users within and across countries have resulted in the development of the current diversity of breeds and within-breed genetic diversity.




The exchange of AnGR •has played and •will continue to play an important role in breed and livestock sector development.




Although detailed quantitative data about gene flow between countries and continents is not available, different AnGR flow directions can be characterized to a large extent.



International, regional and national law, as well as customary law at community levels, are all relevant for AnGR.



International agreements with a general scope (CBD, WTO/TRIPS and WIPO Treaties also apply to AnGR.

Throughout the study, the term AnGR refers to animal genetic resources used in or potentially useful for food and agriculture



Currently, the exchange of AnGR is mainly regulated by

•the transfer of private ownership (by private law contracts and customary law) and •is also influenced by zoo-sanitary regulations.



As the implementation of international treaties with a general scope advances further, they may have an increasingly significant impact on AnGR exchange, use and conservation.



While the special nature of agricultural biodiversity is recognized, the FAO Global Strategy and the FAO State of the World’s AnGR give the widely accepted orientation to all stakeholders




Afghan Livestock Bazaar:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XNK4Lw1tT9g









Conservation and sustainable use (1)

It is generally accepted that •farm animal genetic diversity is under threat and that •action is needed to halt further losses.




In situations where AnGR currently have a low direct use value, they may nonetheless be particularly valuable for future use, which will require the public sector to play an important role in their conservation and management.




However, there is limited awareness about the importance of the conservation and sustainable use of AnGR among policy makers and major stakeholders in the livestock sector.




Genetic erosion may be minimised through

•complementary ex situ (in vitro) and •in situ conservation approaches




Organised at •national, •regional and/or •global levels.

Such approaches should take into account different views of the ‘unit of conservation’.




A variety of different strategies is available to stimulate in situ conservation, including strengthening of breeding capacity and programmes for local breeds.




Ex situ conservation requires •appropriate infrastructure and organisation, •technical capacity, •legal arrangements and •sustained funding.




The Boran story 1

The Boran, a medium-sized cattle breed of East African origin.The breed most widely kept primarily for beef production in the semi-arid zones of Kenya. Commercial ranchers prefer the Boran to Bos taurus breeds because of their relative adaptability to the local environment.




The Boran story 2

Achieved through generations of natural and artificial selection in conditions of high ambient temperature, poor feed quality, and high disease and parasite challenge. Boran genetic material is recommended as a means of improving beef production in other indigenous and exotic breeds in the tropics.




The Boran story 3Genetic exports to Zambia, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, Australia and the United States of America occurred from the 1970s to the 1990s.

Export of Boran embryos to Zimbabwe and South Africa took place during 1994 and 2000. This market potential has been an incentive for farmers to improve the breed. By the 1970s, the Boran had undergone crossbreeding with B. taurus types, backcrossing, and within-breed selection (which was mainly based on visual appraisal guided by experience).




The Boran story 4During the 1970s a recording scheme was initiated.

Producers sent animal performance records routinely to the Livestock Recording Centre (LRC) for genetic evaluation. However, because of inconsistency and delays in the release of evaluation results, and the expenses associated with recording, most producers opted out of the scheme. In 1998, a bull performance testing project was implemented by the National Beef Research Centre in an attempt to evaluate bulls across various herds.




The Boran story 5However, the performance testing could not be sustained because of a lack of funds. Recently, breeding objectives for Boran production systems have been developed. Systems are classified according to the sale age of the animals (24 or 36 months), levels of input (low, medium or high), and final goal (beef or dual purpose).




The Boran story 6Traits of economic importance have been identified, and genetic parameters have been estimated for some of them. These traits includesale weight for steers and heifers, dressing percentage, consumable meat percentage, milk yield in dual purpose production systems, cow weight, cow weaning rate, cow survival rate, post-weaning survival rate, and feed intake of steers, heifers and cows. Genetic improvement of the Boran in Kenya is facilitated by the Boran Cattle Breeders’ Society (BCBS).




The easy calving of Boran Cattle:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxlApoWx8hE



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxlApoWx8hE

global livestock: breeding and production (de amtc, 2010.12.06. prof. dr. hajas pál)

Documents

livestock production

production inputs

hajas pllivestock

livestock sector

animal production1there

global programme

consumption of animal

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