Global Issues 9Pinewood International School of Thessaloniki

Project due: Monday April 22,2013

Project by:

Kouzounis Konstantinos, Ludovica Lunigiani,

Maria Poimenidou,

Stanislav Golovanov.

For every problem there is a solution!

What are global infectious diseases?

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another. Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases of animals that can cause disease when transmitted to humans.

Global Infectious Diseases

"Today we fight. Tomorrow we fight . The day after, we fight. And if this disease plans on whipping us, It better bring a lunch, because it is gonna have a long day doing it"

-Jim Beaver, Life That Way: A Memoir

" The physician should not treat the disease but the patient who is suffering from"

-Maimonides

" Disease is the biggest money in our economy."

-JOHN H. TOBE

"There is a unique opportunity now for global cooperation to tackle non communicable diseases"

-Jackie Monskus

• The Group of Eight Industrialized Nations said that they would reduce the deaths from the infectious diseases in poor countries.

• The main goal is to reduce cases of HIV/AIDS at 25% and number of TB (tuberculosis) and malaria at 50%.

• Another major initiative is to increase developing countries access to the vaccines against yellow fever and hepatitis B.

Our strategy...

• Every year, millions of infant and child deaths are prevented by vaccination and other preventive health measures.

• Our strategy, as students, is to firstly protect ourself and our community from the spreading diseases and then with simple actions eliminate them in surrounding countries.

Some 90% of all infectious disease-related deaths are caused by only six deadly infections:

1. HIV/Aids

2. malaria

3. diarrhoea

4. measles

5. pneumonia tuberculosis

Children and young adults suffer the most: diarrhoeal diseases such as cholera, dysentery or typhoid fever, for example, kill about 2 million children under age 5 – year after year.

• Infectious microbes are transported across borders every day, carried by infected people, animals, and insects, and contained within commercial shipments of contaminated food.

• The diseases can appear in a certain place and that travel throughout the world.

• In America mosquito borne tropical disease endemic to South and Central America and parts of Asia were found.

• Infectious diseases claim the lives of 12 million children each year.

What is so "great" about Global infectious diseases

• Every year 17 million people die from infectious diseases. 9 million of them are children.

• · Diseases appearing in regions one thought safe.

• · Infectious diseases cause 63% of all childhood deaths and 48% of premature deaths.

• There were an estimated 655,000 malaria deaths in 2010.

•an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites of

the genus Plasmodium

•the parasite is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes

•is curable and preventable

•without treatment, infection is often fatal

MALARIA

•an effective vaccine is not available

•kills more than 1 million people each year, half of them

children under 5 years of age

•according to estimates, between 250 and 500 million

people become ill annually

•Every 30 seconds a child dies of malaria

• Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease.

• The virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person.

Hepatitis B

• Two billion people worldwide have been infected with the virus and about 600 000 people die every year due to the consequences of hepatitis B.

• The hepatitis B virus is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV.

HIV/AIDS in short:

•AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a set of

symptoms and infections resulting from immune system

damage caused by the human immunodeficiency virus

(HIV)

•33,4 million people live with HIV worldwide

•AIDS is the leading cause of death in Africa, which is

home to two-thirds of all individuals living with HIV

•2.7 million people were newly infected in 2008

•an estimated 2 million people die of AIDS every year

Tuberculosis in short

•a respiratory disease caused by Mycobacterium

tuberculosis

•one-third of humanity is infected with tuberculosis (TB)

•5–10% of infected individuals develop active TB at some

point after infection

•about 2 million people die of TB each year

•in HIV-infected individuals, TB is the leading cause of

death

Measles in short

• a very contagious viral disease

•symptoms include high fever, rash, cough, a runny nose

and red,

watery eyes

•about 20% of patients experience complications such as

ear infections, diarrhoea, pneumonia or encephalitis

•unimmunized young children under 5 years of age are at

highest risk for complications

•a safe and effective vaccine is available

•immunity (after vaccination or infection) lasts a lifetime

•most deaths occur in poor countries, especially in Africa

•worldwide immunization efforts led to a 74% reduction in measles deaths (89% reduction in Africa) between 2000 and 2007

Yellow fever in short

•a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes

•occurs in Africa and parts of South America

•illness ranges in severity from mild, self-

limiting fever to severe hepatitis and

hemorrhagic fever

•a safe and effective vaccine is available and applicable to

theoretically prevent devastating outbreaks

•in most countries, the vaccination rate is too low to

effectively prevent outbreaks

•yellow fever is highly underreported, but the WHO

estimates 200,000 cases of yellow fever annually and

30,000 deaths

1. Because of the crisis in Greece, many "new" doctors don't have jobs so they could volunteer to help people that need medical care but can not afford them.

2. Students can spread the word for global infectious diseases in big centers such as malls. Also people can donate money for the doctors that volunteer. (see solution 1)

3. Schools or community groups can volunteer to clean areas like airports where diseases are spread rapidly. Also, they could spread awareness through pamphlets.

4. Scientists that have no employment can research for solutions,sponsored by wealthy communities like churches and mobile companies.

Local solutions

5. Make the students of schools to do labs relating to solutions for disease; because maybe students may find something that scientists missed it. When students have understood the importance of the diseases, they can find alone the way to spread the world and most importantly take cautions for themselves.

6. Why not create a 'Global Research Disease' where the best scientists and doctors can work on solutions. Dividing the researches by categories,( ex. climate, people, ethics etc. ). This is because until now scientists focused on finding only one solution for each disease, but maybe the same sickness can vary because it can be affected by the environment that people live, so there might be other cures that at the end can result profitable.

7. School bands can organise concerts in public space such as gyms, there not only money can be collected but also spreading of awareness through the future generation.

8. In the airport doctors can be places to check the travelers if they are carriers of any diseases.

8. Spray non polluting inspect repellent in the city to avoid any mosquito transmitted cases.

9. Keep our neighbourhoods clean so mosquitos won't carry any bacteria around.

• Once contained to small areas, infectious

diseases are spreading to larger populations.

• Many infectious diseases may originally have

been transmitted from animals.

• Infectious diseases often occur in other species

before humans become infected.

• Mosquito-borne illnesses are more prevalent

where people have changed landscapes.

Conclusion

• Some parts of the world have ideal conditions for

the spread of disease.

• Microbes evolve and adapt to changing

environments, including antibiotics.

• Currently viruses in nature are more of a concern

than those created by scientists.

• Complacency about infectious diseases has been a

long-standing problem.

• We need to build and sustain better global health

systems.

• http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/

http://buzz-off.org/the-problem-of-malaria/

• http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/introduction/en/index1.html

• http://www.cdc.gov/globalidplan/4-introduction.htm

• http://www.infection-research.de/infectious_diseases/hiv_aids/

• http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/dis-cn.htm

• http://www.actionbioscience.org/newfrontiers/morse.html

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Thanks for watching... Now GO save the world :* ;)