global forum on law, justice and development twg “law and the economy” dec. 13th, 2012
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Global Forum on Law, Justice and Development TWG “Law and the Economy” Dec. 13th, 2012 Instruments and Tools of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Ensuring the Foundations of an Equal and Effective Access to Infrastructure. Introduction: definitions and caveats. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Global Forum on Law, Justice and DevelopmentTWG “Law and the Economy” Dec. 13th, 2012
Instruments and Tools of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs):
Ensuring the Foundations of an Equal and Effective Access to Infrastructure
Bertrand du Marais Conseiller d’État secunded as Public Law Professor,Université of Paris Ouest Nanterre La DéfenseCo-Chair, Master Program in Law and Economics, Chairman, FIDESbertrand.du_marais[at]u-paris10.fr
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Introduction: definitions and caveats
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I- Main features of Contractual PPP Schemes: Wide scope of services and of public agencies (central as well as local government): e.g. France
Contribution of PPP to the delivery of main local public utilities. Ref.: bureau de l’analyse des secteurs professionnels, DAEI, Min of Civil works (Dark area: PPP).
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At the EU level : ref.: Les partenariats public /privé en Europe, numéro
spécial, Les dossiers européens, 13, Janvier 2008, p. 14 et p. 21
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The advantages of contracts (as compared to divestiture or privatization per se) Securing assets ownership in favor of the public
agencies flexibility, if not resilience… Arbitration and / or Court adjudication
Decentralized yet governmental supervision and ownership
I- Main features of Contractual PPP Schemes, as compared to divestiture
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I- Main features of Contractual PPP Schemes: The advantages of a global contract
Traditional concession scheme: a multipurpose contract
PFI scheme: a contractual matrix
Collectivité publique
Procédure de sélection, puisContrat de projet (Project agreement)
Apporteurs de capitaux externes
Entreprises d’exploitation
Entreprises de construction
Société de construction
Sociétéd’exploitation
Banques
Participation en capital
Usagers
Contributions obligatoires
Société de projet (« Special Purpose
Vehicle »)
Apport financier
Garantie
Contrat de financement
Garantie de bonne fin
Garantie de bonne fin
Respect du cahier des charges construction
Pacte d’actionnaire
s
Direct agreement : garantie et autorisation de « step in »Respect du cahier
des charges exploitation
Contrat d’exploitation
Contrat de construction
Participation en capital
Participation en capital
Contrat commercial
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I- Main features of Contractual PPP Schemes: contracts within the overall framework of public law In France, no “concession law” but
Some legislative statutes (e.g. Loi 93-122 du 29 janvier 1993 “Sapin” for bidding process; Ord. 17 jun 2004 for CP)
The century old case law of the Conseil d’Etat In many countries: a “concession law” Equal access, due to
the enforcement of public law and the “public service” doctrine: equality principle
Solidarity between consumers Social tariffs, social rights
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I- Main features of Contractual PPP Schemes (as compared to direct provision of services)
PPPs as tool for a better management of public utilities:More transparent to the extent that costs are
identifiedPut more pressure on the utility in terms of
quality and accountability
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I- Main features of Contractual PPP Schemes: Recent evolutions in the realm of contractual PPPs
- Hybridizing of contractual schemes: a range of contracts as regard the nature of risks (of construction, of readiness, commercial, operational) (Ref.: IGD.org)
- Innovation in tariff setting
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II- Conditions of success: general
Competition award: the experience of EU and French Law
Strong public commitment and supervision : several approaches:centralized or decentralized at the
operational level, … or for the regulatory tasks
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II Conditions of success: balance between financial sustainability and social inclusion
Sharing the burden of poverty between the operator and the public agency: “Social charter”, including “reduced social services” “Social tariff” with compensation for the operator Progressive tariff Subsidies from the public agency to the consumer
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Conclusion
Two specific case-studies and analyses: Senegalaise des Eaux: in a difficult sector and
a fragile country Columbia: local decentralization with national
supervision
Towards a community of practice ?