global atmosphere watch activities at empa...materials science &technolog y global atmosphere...

Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

Global Atmosphere Watch Activities at EmpaJörg Klausen1

GAW QA/SAC Switzerland

C. Zellweger1, S. Henne1, A.F. Ilahi2, C. Siregar2, Herizal2, M. Mimouni3, M.S. Ferroudj3, J. M. Kariuki4, J.O. Aseyo4 and B. Buchmann1

1Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland2Meteorological and Geophysical Agency, Global GAW Station Bukit Koto Tabang, Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia3Office National de la Méteorologie, Tamanrasset, Algeria4Kenya Meteorological Department, Dagoretti Corner, Ngong Road, Nairobi 00100, Kenya

NOAA ESRL Annual Meeting, Boulder (CO), 14-15 May 2008

[email protected] -- NOAA ESRL Annual Meeting, Boulder (CO), 14-15 May 2008 2

Outline

GAW at Your FingertipsThe GAW Station Information System

It‘s the Quality, Stupid!WCC-Empa

Researching HighThe Global GAW Station Jungfraujoch

Mind the Gap, Please!Twinning with Algeria, Indonesia, Kenya

GAW at Your FingertipsThe GAW Station Information System

It‘s the Quality, Stupid!WCC-Empa

Researching HighThe Global GAW Station Jungfraujoch

Mind the Gap, Please!Twinning with Algeria, Indonesia, Kenya


GAW at Your Fingertips

The GAW Station Information System (GAWSIS)


Scope of GAWSIS

Integration of information across all (GAW) variablesSearch and discovery across all variables‘Clearing house’ for identification of GAW stationsDirect link to data across WDCsIncreased visibility of GAW and partner programmes1-stop shop for information about the ground-based GAW network(s)

GAWSIS ‘defines’ the GAW ground-based observational network GAWSIS is a precursor for a GAW DAta Portal

Integration of information across all (GAW) variablesSearch and discovery across all variables‘Clearing house’ for identification of GAW stationsDirect link to data across WDCsIncreased visibility of GAW and partner programmes1-stop shop for information about the ground-based GAW network(s)

GAWSIS ‘defines’ the GAW ground-based observational network GAWSIS is a precursor for a GAW DAta Portal


Google Earth PortGoogle Earth Port Links to TrajectoriesLinks to Trajectories

New in GAWSIS (1/2)


Manage GAW IDsManage GAW IDs Archive Bibliographic InformationArchive Bibliographic Information

New in GAWSIS (2/2)


GAWSIS-WDC Integration

<<WDC>>Metadata store

Firewall

ftp put

ftp get > Empa „MiniZen“

Move, backup

cron<<Empa „uranos“>>

backup GAWSIS, WDC metadata files

Identify metadata item

update item,log file

create item Metadata itemexists in GAWSIS?

no

yes

cron

All metadata items processed?

no

yes

review

admin

admin

<<Empa>>GAWSIS

WDC metadata files

Login, review,Edit, add metadata Publish as ASP

Metadata accessible as html

Publish as XMLMetadata accessible as XML

cron

WISGEOSSWDCs

gaw.kml


Linking (W)DCs with GAWSIS

CAPMon

Operational & comprehensive

Operational but incomplete

First attempts No automationAt present


GAWSIS-WDC Integration: Status May 2008

WOUDCMetadata intake fully operational

WDCGGMetadata intake operational Almost complete

WRDCStatus of some sites unclearData not easily accessible

WDCAMetadata intake operationalvery few parameters covered

WDCPCNot quite operationalIntegrate Regional DCs?

WOUDCMetadata intake fully operational

WDCGGMetadata intake operational Almost complete

WRDCStatus of some sites unclearData not easily accessible

WDCAMetadata intake operationalvery few parameters covered

WDCPCNot quite operationalIntegrate Regional DCs? 0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

WOUDC WDCGG WRDC WDCA

Freq

uenc

y

data series consolidated

data series updated/inserted

sites not recognized


It‘s the Quality, Stupid!

World Calibration Centre for Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide and Methane


GAW Quality System


Surface Ozone Upgrade of SRP Ensemble

Original SRP design biases due to temperature gradients and multiple reflections in the absorption cells (Viallon et al., Metrologia 43 (2006) 441–450)

Improved designnew lamp blockabsorption cells with optically sealed windows at 3 degree angles (@METAS together with NIST, and SRP#14, #18, #26)

ActivitiesUpgrade of SRP#15 and #23Re-certification against GAW (NIST) and Swiss (METAS) ozone reference

Resultsmall changes (0.1-0.2 ‰) of SRPsreduced uncertainty

Original SRP design biases due to temperature gradients and multiple reflections in the absorption cells (Viallon et al., Metrologia 43 (2006) 441–450)

Improved designnew lamp blockabsorption cells with optically sealed windows at 3 degree angles (@METAS together with NIST, and SRP#14, #18, #26)

ActivitiesUpgrade of SRP#15 and #23Re-certification against GAW (NIST) and Swiss (METAS) ozone reference

Resultsmall changes (0.1-0.2 ‰) of SRPsreduced uncertainty


Internal inconsistency / non-linearity of CO scale no longer a problemStatus of transfer of scale to stations somewhat unclearDocumentation / legacy data at WDCGG is an issue that will be addressed next

Internal inconsistency / non-linearity of CO scale no longer a problemStatus of transfer of scale to stations somewhat unclearDocumentation / legacy data at WDCGG is an issue that will be addressed next

Carbon Monoxide Resolving Scale Issues

0 50 100 150 200

-10

-50

510

<WMO-2000> (ppb)

[CO

- <W

MO

-200

0>] (

ppb)

RGA-3 S/N 031589-007(08/20/03 08:45:00)-(08/22/03 11:52:30)

MLO CO Audit 2003

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350-1

0-5

05

10

<WMO-2000> (ppb)

[CO

- <W

MO

-200

0>] (

ppb)

RGA-3 S/N 070188-006(03/10/08 22:00:00)-(03/13/08 07:50:00)

BRW CO Audit 2008

Empa 2006 VURF WMO-2000 38.1 (0.5) 61.6 (0.3) 107.9 (0.3) 203.9 (0.5) 352.6 (0.3)

NOAA 2007 VURF WMO-2000 37.6 (0.1) 61.3 (0.2) 106.9 (0.3) 202.9 (0.3) 349.7 (0.5)

NOAA 2007 VURFWMO-2000 (2006 grav std) 37.8 (0.5) 61.6 (0.4) 107.5 (0.5) 204.0 (0.8) 352.2 (1.8)


CO Field Instrument Inter-Comparison at JFJ

Comparison of NDIR, GC, and VURF techniques

Good agreement between techniques

All instruments are able to detect fast changes in mixing ratios

NDIR (Horiba instrument) performs well at averaging intervals > 10 minutes

140

180

220

260

CO

[ppb

]

NDIRVURFGC/FIDGC/HgO

06-03-10 00:00 06-03-11 00:00 06-03-12 00:00 06-03-13 00:00

140

180

220

260

CO

[ppb

]


06-03-10 00:00 06-03-11 00:00 06-03-12 00:00 06-03-13 00:00

140

180

220

260

date [yy-mm-dd HH:MM]

CO

[ppb

]


06-03-10 00:00 06-03-11 00:00 06-03-12 00:00 06-03-13 00:00

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

date [yy-mm-dd HH:MM]

CO

[ppb

]

VURF 10 secVURF 1 minVURF 10 minGC/FIDGC/HgO

06-03-11 00:00 06-03-11 04:00 06-03-11 08:00 06-03-11 12:00 06-03-11 16:00

1 h

10 min

1 min

C. Zellweger et al. (in preparation)


Audit BarrowWCC-Empa (9 – 12 March 2008)

General RemarksSituated 8 km east of Barrow (small town / community with complete infrastructure)Large number of ongoing measurements and cooperative programsNew station building planned (2009)Both permanent positions vacant (station manager Dan Endres will leave in summer,operator Teresa Winter left in February)First audit by WCC-Empa (2nd audit at a NOAA site)

O3Instrument in calibrationInlet could be improved

COInstrument in calibration (bias < 2%)

CH4Instrument in calibration (bias ~0.1%)

General RemarksSituated 8 km east of Barrow (small town / community with complete infrastructure)Large number of ongoing measurements and cooperative programsNew station building planned (2009)Both permanent positions vacant (station manager Dan Endres will leave in summer,operator Teresa Winter left in February)First audit by WCC-Empa (2nd audit at a NOAA site)

O3Instrument in calibrationInlet could be improved

COInstrument in calibration (bias < 2%)

CH4Instrument in calibration (bias ~0.1%)

TEI 49C

TEI 49i

[email protected] -- NOAA ESRL Annual Meeting, Boulder (CO), 14-15 May 2008 21 ©R

. Lor

enzo

Materials Sci ence & Technolog yAir Pollution / Environmental Technology

Researching High

Jungfraujoch – The Swiss Global GAW Station

Contacts: S. Reimann, C. Hüglin, M.Steinbacher, …


Empa, IACETHNABEL (BAFU, Empa)Empa

campainscampains

, ,,

,

PAN, HNO3OVOC,

H2

NABEL (BAFU, Empa), ,, ,NO, NO2 , NOy

NABEL (BAFU, Empa)SO2

NABEL (BAFU, Empa)CO

NABEL (BAFU, Empa)O3Reactive gases

University of BerneCO2

NABEL (BAFU, Empa)SF6

SOGE (Empa, BAFU),HCFC, HFC

SOGE (Empa, BAFU)CFC

NABEL (BAFU, Empa)N2 O

NABEL (BAFU, Empa)CH4Greenhouse gases

fundingJungfraujochRecommendedfor GAW

NABEL (BAFU, Empa)VOC

Gas Observations at Jungfraujoch

Air Pollution/Environmental Technology LaboratoryMaterials Sci ence & Technolog y


World-first

measurements

of ‚Kyoto‘

gas HFC-365mfc at Jungfraujoch

Pentafluorobutane

(HFC-365)

960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060

50

100

150

200

250

65.0

979.5

365mfc

H = 14

/home/gcms/soge/jungfraujoch/03/chromatograms/channel0/030619.0356.air.1

940 960 980 1000 1020 1040

100

150

200

250

65.0

979.7

365mfc

H = 163

A = 1394

/home/gcms/soge/jungfraujoch/06/chromatograms/channel0/070101.1543.air.1

S. Reimann, M. Steinbacher, M. Vollmer


Ethane new 2008Propane new 2008Acetylene new 2008IsopreneTerpenesDMSFormaldehyde campaignAcetonitrileMethanol campaignEthanol campaignAcetone campaignBenzene continuousToluene continuousIso-/n-Butane continuousIso-/n-Pentane continuousAcetaldehyde campaign

VOCs and OVOCs at Jungfraujoch


Methanol

Legreid, G.et al., JGR 113, 2008

Methanol

all values background values

Benzene

95% of VOCs in summer / 83% in winter

MEDUSA, launched

at Jungfraujoch in February

2008


cold head 1HFCsCFCs

SF6C2 F6VOC

cold head 2CF4

-150°C

-170°C

cold head 1

cold head 2

GC/MS

170°C

----

In cooperation with AGAGE, SCRIPPS, University Bristol


Mind the gap, please!

Twinning partnerships with Algeria, Indonesia, Kenya


Three Partners in three Developing Countries

Assekrem

Mt. Kenya

Bukit Koto Tabang

23.267°N 5.633°E2710 m a.s.l.Arid plateau

0.202°S 100.318°E864 m a.s.l.Elevated rain forest

0.062°S 37.297°E3678 m a.s.l.High mountain slope


Topography

Colorscale: 1 km x 1 kmContour: 1 ° x 1 °, ECMWF

Assekrem, 2710 m a.s.l., 1355 m a.m.g. Difference between ‘real’ and ‘model’ station elevation

Global GAW stations


Assekrem


Global Atmospheric Circulation & ITCZ

January

July


Assekrem: Trajectory Clustering

FLEXTRA, 10-day backward, 4 hourly start, Period: 2001 – 2006Residence times: Grayscale: all altitudes, Colored: below 2000 m AGL

NW-hiNW-lo

NESW

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

NW−highNW−lowNESW

Fre

quen

cy

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0


Bukit Koto Tabang

O3Deposition dominant during nightMixing in from troposphere during day

CODilution with free tropospheric air during day

O3Deposition dominant during nightMixing in from troposphere during day

CODilution with free tropospheric air during day


Bukit Koto Tabang: Trajectory Clustering

NE17.6 %

Local25.4 %

W19.6 %

SEE17.6 %

FLEXTRA, 10-day backward, 4 hourly start, Period: 2000-01 – 2007-12Residence times: Grayscale: all altitudes, Colored: below 2000 m AGL

SE19.8 %


Cluster 5: SEE

Trajectories in SEE and SE ClusterRepresentative sample

Cluster 4: SE


Bukit Koto Tabang: Trajectory Clustering(m

g/m

3)


Mt.Kenya


Trajectory Clustering: Mt. Kenya

East Africa20 %

Arabian Peninsula23 %

Southern Africa18 %

N. Indian Oc.21 %

Northern Africa5 %

S. Indian Oc. 14 %

FLEXTRA, 10-day backward, 4 hourly start, Period: 2002-06 – 2006-06Residence times: Grayscale: all altitudes, Colored: below 2000 m AGL

(Henne et al., 2007, ACPD)


Trajectory Clustering: Mt. Kenya

Clear monsoon patternNIO, NA in winterSA, SIO in summer

EA all yearHigh CO

from northerly clusters (winter)biomass burning (summer)

Low O3 in Oct/NovPassage of the ITCZ

Clear monsoon patternNIO, NA in winterSA, SIO in summer

EA all yearHigh CO

from northerly clusters (winter)biomass burning (summer)

Low O3 in Oct/NovPassage of the ITCZ

(Henne et al., 2007, ACPD)

CO O3


Conclusions

GAWSIS excerts a ‚structuring‘ influence on GAW, defining the ground-based network and unifying the WDCs.

CO scale issues largely resolved, but work remains to (re)establishtraceability of legacy and current observations.Improvements of SRP have reduced the uncertainty of ensemblerealization of ozone reference.

Jungfraujoch (JFJ) helps to identify European emission sources as well as global trends.

Empa (and others) are working on narrowing remaining gaps in theglobal ground-based network with some success.Maintaining basic operations, capacity building and sustainableknowledge transfer remain a huge challenge.

GAWSIS excerts a ‚structuring‘ influence on GAW, defining the ground-based network and unifying the WDCs.

CO scale issues largely resolved, but work remains to (re)establishtraceability of legacy and current observations.Improvements of SRP have reduced the uncertainty of ensemblerealization of ozone reference.

Jungfraujoch (JFJ) helps to identify European emission sources as well as global trends.

Empa (and others) are working on narrowing remaining gaps in theglobal ground-based network with some success.Maintaining basic operations, capacity building and sustainableknowledge transfer remain a huge challenge.


Thank you for your attention

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