GLIMPSES OF INDIAN HISTORY

ANCIENT INDIA 200000 BC TO 2500 BC

Stone age Age of stone tools Divided into 3 ages

PaleolithicFood gatherers

MesolithicPartly adopted settled way of

life

NeolithicDomestication

started

NORTHERN BLACK POLISHED WARE

NBPW characteristic of the urban centers in Ganges plain, is thought to have developed from high firing techniques used in smelting iron and local hematite soil.

RELIGION

Mother goddess and Pashupathi (protector of animals)

HARAPPA AND MOHENJADHARO 2000 BC TO 1000 BC

Alexander Cunningham discovered in 1875. He was the first director general of ASI (archaeological survey of India)

Also known as Indus valley civilization.

Sumerians called this area ‘Meluha’.

TOWN PLANNING IN HARAPPA

Drainage system Great bathCitadelStreets cutting at right anglesBaked bricks Social stratification

SOME FACTS

•Harappans domesticated cattle, pig, dog, sheep goat etc.•But was not aware of Horse.•Though in ‘Surkotada’ bones of horses were found.

VEDIC CIVILIZATION 1000 BC - 600 BC

Vedas were composed •Rigveda•Samaveda•Yajurveda•Atharvaveda

LITERATURE

Sutras, Smrithis, puranas, Aaranyakas darsanas brahmanas etc were composed

CASTE SYSTEM

RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS 600 BC - 400 BC

Vedic religion lost purity Religious renaissance started with

Jainism and Budhism.

MAHAJANAPADAS

RISE OF MAGHADHA

Naturally protected with Himalayas bay of Bengal Ganga Yamuna and Vindhya Satpura.

Rich in Iron wealth. Rulers were Jarasandha Sahadeva Bimbisara

Ajathasathru (kanthaka, rathamoorshala)

Udayin (Patna) Sisunaga Kalashoka (3rd Buddhist council) Mahapadma nanda (Barber) Dhanananda (Alexander 327-325 BC) Chandraguptha Maurya(chankya) Bindusara Asoka (Indian constantine)

MAURYAN EMPIRE IN DETAIL

Chankya – Arthasasthra treatise on Administration.

Indica by Megasthenes

ASOKAS DHAMMA 268-232 BC

•261 BC kalinga war heavy bloodbath.•Embraced budhism.•Acquired name Devanam piya piyadashi (James Princep)•Dhammaghosha Instead of Bherighosha.•Dhamma was a Way of Life.•All men are my children.•Later Mauryans were not popular.

POST MAURYAN INDIA 200 – 300 AD

Sungas (112 years , Pushyamithra sunga ) Kanvas Ghanasangas Satavahanas (Gautami putra satakarni) Indo Greeks (Meander- Milindapanha) Sakas Parthians Kushanas ( gold coin)

GUPTHA EMPIRE 320-550 AD

Sri Guptha Golden age of

India Samudragupth

a (Indian Nepolean)

Chandraguptha Vikramaditya (9)

Kumaraguptha Skandaguptha

A POET SAINT NAMED GYANDEV INTRODUCED SNAKE LADDER, THE GAME OF CHESS WAS ALSO INVENTED THEN.

ART AND ARCHITECTURE

POST GUPTHA AGE 550-750

Harshavardhana (aihole, huen tsang )

South India under Muvendar

Chera (cheraman perumal)

Chola (karikala, rajendra)

Pandya (sundarapandya

Prathiharas Pallavas Hoysalas Palas Chalukyas

MEDIEVAL INDIA

AD 712 Muhammed bin qasim conquered Sindh.

Mahmud Ghazni invaded 17 times Muhamed ghori from Ghur AD 1175

(prithviraj) Bhakhyar khalji (Nalanda)

DELHI SULTANATE

Quttubudin Aibak slave dynasty1206-90 Aaram bakh sha Illtumish (delhi made capital) Ruknudin firuz Sulthana Raziya- yakut Bahram sha Masud sha Nasirudhin mahmud Ghiyassudin Balban

Kaikubad Khilji dynasty 1290 1320 Jallaludhin khalji Alaudin khalji Malik kafur Tughlaq Ghiyassudin tughlak Muhammad bin Tughlaq Firoz shah tughlaq Sayyid dynasty Lodhi dynasty Bahavul lodhi Sikander lodhi Ibrahim lodhi

RELIGION AND CULTURE

HinduismBhakthi

movementAdvaitha DvaithaVisistadvaithaSudhadhvaitha

Sikhism Guru NanakGuru Grantha

sahibGuru arjunGuru teg bahadur Guru gobind

RELIGION AND CULTURE

Sufism Muslim saints who

advocated purity and renunciation in life (music)

Chisti silsila Khwaja abdal chisti Suhrawadi silsilaFirdausi silsilaShattari silsilaQadri silsila

MUGHAL EMPIRE

Babur 1484-15305th Generation from Timur (paternal) and

15th generation from Chengizkhan (maternal)

Invited by Daulat khan lodhiDefeated Ibrahimlodhi in 1st panipat 1526Battle of Khanwa 1527Battle of chanderi 1528Babur Nama

Humayun 1530-40 & 1555 -56 Lost to Sher khan (Sher shah prominent

ruler of north sur empire 1540-45)In 1555 defeated Surs but died a year later.Akbar 1556 -16051556 2nd battle of panipat with HemuFatehpur sikriBuland darwazaDin ilahiAbul faizalAbu fazal

Jahangir 1605 -27Noorjahan junta Khusru –khuramArjun devPainting flourishedJohn Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe (1615-18)

Shajahan (1628-58)Mumtaz Peacock throne Tajmahal

Dara shikov Aurangazeb 1658 -1707Bahadur shaJahandar shaFarrukh siyyar Muhammed sha rangeelaAhamed sha Alamgir Sha alamAkbar shaBahadur sha

MARATHA AGE

Sivaji 1630 -80•Haindava Dharmmodharak•Peshwas

MODERN INDIA

3rd Battle of Panipat 1761Haider ali Tippu sulthan Marthanda varmaSubsidiary alliance by Lord wellesely

ADVENT OF EUROPEANS

Portuguese Dutch Danish French British Carnatic war Battle of Plassey 1757

REVOLT OF 1857

Wahabi movement Kukka movement Sanyasi santhal movement Pig fat smeared cartridge and cow meat

issue Nana sahib Tantia tope Rani lakshmi bhai Bhahadur sha

INDIAN RENAISSANCE

Ram Mohan Roy – William Bentict Sati Thugs Ramkrishna Vivekananda Theosophical society Arya samaj

RISE OF INDIAN NATIONALISM

Indian national congress Extremism Arrival of Gandhi 1915 January 9 Satyagraha Netaji Bagath singh Aurobindo Ghosh

Quit India movement 1947 august 15 Lord Mount Batten

signed agreement of Independence…..

OUR GREATEST GLORY IS NOT IN NEVER FALLING, BUT IN RISING EVERY TIME WE FALL.

CONFUCIUS