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Modern Stereotypes

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Thumbs Down!

Jean-Lon Grme. Police Verso (Thumbs Down), 1872

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Types of Evidence

Literary (Mahoney)

Material

Artistic Representations

Artifacts (Equipment)

Tombstones

InscriptionsTerracotta Figurine of a Gladiator in the New

York Metropolitan Museum of Art

Roman, 1st-2nd century AD

Accession # 10.210.78

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Material Evidence

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Types of Gladiators

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Some gladiatorial vocabulary: tiro: a gladiatorial recruit veteranus: those gladiators who had fought at least once lanista: a gladiatorial trainer armatura: gladiatorial equipment Myrmillo: heavily-armed footman with a fish on his helmet Hoplomachus heavyily-armed footman, Greek style: round shield, sword, greave Samnite: heavily-armed footman, Samnium style, rectangular shield, sword,

and greaves, 4th

century BC-1st

century BC Secutor: heavily-armed footman, trained to fight Retiarius, ~50 AD, small eye holes in

helmet, rounded, rectangular shield Thraex: (Thracian) light-armed footman, small, rectangular shield and reversed sickle

for slashing at an opponents back Retiarius: unhelmeted footman armed with only tunic, net, trident

and dagger Bestiarius light-armed gladiator trained to fight animals (bestiae)

essedarius: chariot fighter familia: a troop of gladiators ludus: a place of residence and training of gladiators ludia: female gladiator; women associated with gladiators; "a

female slave attached to a gladiatorial ludus"(OLD)

munus: gladiatorial show

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Retiarius

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Thraex

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Place Your Bet!

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Thraex vs. Myrmillo

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Secutor

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Zliten Mosaic

Originally in a Roman seaside villa

Now in Archaeological Musuem

Tripoli, Tunisia

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Fragment of a ReliefShowing Gladiators in

the New York

Metropolitan Museum

of Art

Roman, 1st-3rd century

AD

Recorded ca. 1880 in

the Vigna Aquari in

Rome.Accession # 57.11.

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Gladiator cup,

ca. 5080 A.D.;

NeronianEarly

FlavianicRoman; Found at

Montagnole,

southern France

Now in New York

Metropolitan

Museum of Art

Glass; H. 2 7/8 in.

(7.3 cm), Diam. 3

1/8 in. (7.9 cm)

Gift of Henry G.

Marquand, 1881

(81.10.245)

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Ancient Mosaic

now in Bourghese Gallery, Rome

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Gladiator Mosaic

(Germany)

http://romanhistorybooksandmore.freeservers.com/p_kreuzn_g.htm

http://romanhistorybooksandmore.freeservers.com/p_kreuzn_g.htmhttp://romanhistorybooksandmore.freeservers.com/p_kreuzn_g.htm

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http://romanhistorybooks.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/03/19/glad5a.png

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Gladitorial Tombstones

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Win, Lose, Die

If you won, you left out a gate called thePorta

Triumphalis

If you lost, you left out a gate called thePorta Sanavivaria

If you died, two people dressed as Charon and Mercury

would come out.

Charon would strike the body with a mallet

Mercury would poke it with his staff (really a hidden hot poker)

Body put on a couch and carried out thePorta Libitinaria/lesser

games hooked and dragged Body taken to nearby morgue and the throat was slit to make sure

it wasnt fixed