Review Of Some Science Facts SSC CGL Exam 2014July 28, 2014 The theory of relativity was propounded by Albert Einstein The principal metal used in manufacturing steel is Iron. An altimeter is used for measuring altitude Oology is the study of Birds eggs Radioactivity was discovered by Henry Bacquerel The metal used in storage batteries is Lead. The instrument used to measure the relative humidity of air is Hygrometer. Barometer was invented by Torricelli. The unit of power is Watt. Radium was discovered by Marie and Pierrie Curie. The existence of isotopes was discovered by Frederick Soddy. Dynamo was invented by Michael Faraday. The nuclear reactor was invented by Enrico Ferni. The law of gravitation was propounded by Sir Isaac Newton. Crescograph was invented by J.C.Bose. Crescograph is used to measure the Rate of growth of a plant. Galileos first scientific discovery was Pendulum. Microscope was invented by Aaton Van Leewen Hock. The scientist who is known as father of modern biology is Aristotle. The first person to see a cell under microscope was Robert Hooke. The smallest flowering plant is Wolffia.

The four blood groups were discovered by Karl Landsteiner. Sodium was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy. The atomic number of oxygen is Eight. The basic building blocks of proteins are Amino acids. The botanical name of the cotton plant is Gossipium Hirsutum. An Electroscope is used to Detect charges on a body. The unit of loudness level is Phon. An ammeter is used to measure Electric current. Plant that eat insects are called Insectivorous plant.

Important Amendments to Indian ConstitutionJuly 15, 20141st amendment June 18, 1951 zamindari abolition laws.2nd amendment May 1, 1953 fix the size of each parliamentary constituency between 650,000 and 850,000 voters.6th amendment September 11, 1956 the Union and State Lists with respect to raising of taxes7th amendment November 1, 1956 Reorganization of states on linguistic lines and Introduction of Union Territories10th amendment August 11, 1961 Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory after acquisition from Portugal11th amendment December 19, 1961 Election of Vice President by Electoral12th amendment December 20, 1961 Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, after acquisition from Portugal13th amendment December 1, 1963 Formation of State of Nagaland, with special protection under Article 371A14th amendment December 28, 1962 Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of IndiaCreation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa15th amendment October 5, 1963 Raise retirement age of judges from 60 to 6222nd amendment September 25, 1969 Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam24th amendment November 5, 1971 Enable parliament to dilute fundamental rights through amendments to the constitution31th amendment October 17, 1973 Increased size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats.32nd amendment July 1, 1974 Protection of regional rights in Telangana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh33rd amendment May 19, 1974 Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislaturesPrescribes procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker35th amendment March 1, 1975 Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India37th amendment May 3, 1975 Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly38th amendment August 1, 1975 Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass ordinances42nd amendment April 1, 1977 - Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a Socialist Secular Republic51th amendment June 16, 1986 Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies52nd amendment March 1, 1985 Anti Defection Law Provide disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to other56th amendment May 30, 1987 Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa58th amendment December 9, 1987 Provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of constitution61th amendment March 28, 1989 Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 1865th amendment March 12, 1992 National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes formed and its statutory powers specified in The Constitution.69th amendment February 1, 1992 To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for Federal National Capital of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a Union Territory70th amendment December 21, 1991 Include National Capital of Delhi and Union Territory of Pondicherry in electoral college for Presidential Election82nd amendment September 8, 2000 Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and other criteria in reservation in promotion for SC / ST candidates86th amendment December 12, 2002 Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six93rd amendment January 20, 2006 To enable provision of reservation for other backward classes (O.B.C.) in government as well as private educational institutions97th amendment 12 January 2012 Added the words or co-operative societies in Article 19(l)(c) and inserted article 43Bi.e, Promotion of Co-operative Societies and added Part-IXB i.e, THE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES

Important Years in INDIAN HistoryJuly 9, 20141866 First Indian Political Association1870 Poona Sarvajanik Sabha1876 The Indian Association1884 Madras Mahajana Sabha1885 -Bombay Presidency Association1885 Dec -Indian National CongressThree Important Periods :1885-1905 Moderate Period1905-1919 Extremist Period1919-1947 Gandhian Period1905 Vandemataram movement1916 Home Rule movement1920 Non-Cooperation Movement1930 Civil Disobedient Movement1942 Quit Indian Movement1892 Indian Council Act1909 Minto-Morely Reforms Act1919 Montague-Chelmsford Act1919 Rowlatt Act1935 Government of India Act20th July 1905 Division of Bengal by Lord Curzon1906 Birth of Muslim League1940 August offer1922 October Chauri-Chaurah incident1922 Swaraj Party Formation1927 Simon Commission appointed by British Parliament1928 Simon Commission visit ot India1931 Gandhi-Irwin Pact1930, 31, 32 Three Round Table Conference1945 Simla Conference (Lord Wawell)1946 Cripps Proposals1946 Cabinet Missions arrival1947 Mountbatten Plan1950 India became Republic1956 Re-organization of the States23 rd March 1931 Execution of Bhagath Singh,Sukhdev and RajguruImportant Battles in History of IndiaJuly 10, 20141. 1st battle of Tarain 1191 Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori2. 2nd battle of Tarain 1192 Mohammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan3. 1st battle of Panipat 1526 Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodi4. Battle of Khanwa 1527 Babur defeated Rana Sunga further strengthening his foothold in India.5. Battle of Ghaghra 1529 Babur defeated Mahmud Lodi and Sultan Nusrat Shah thus establishing Mughal rule in India.6. 2nd battle of Panipat 1556 Akbar defeated Hemu7. 3rd battle of Panipat 1761 Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas8. Battle of Talikota 1565 Deccan Sultanates defeated the glorious Vijayanagar empire9. Battle of Haldighati 1576 Undecisive battle between Raja Man Singh of Mughal Army and Rana Pratap of Mewar.10. Battle of Plassey 1757 British defeated Siraj-ud-duala with the help of Mir Zafar. This battle laid the foundation of British empire in India.11. Battle of Wandiwash 1760 British decisively defeated the French in India.12. Battle of Buxar 1764 British defeated the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-duala (Nawab of Oudh) and Shah Alam II(Mughal emperor).13. Battle of Samugarh 1658 Aurangzeb defeated Dara Shikoh.14. Battle of Karnal 1739 Nadir Shah defeated Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah.

pH Values of Different SubstancesMay 3, 2014SubstancepH Values

Pure water7

Human blood7.35 7.45

Sea water7.5 8.4

Ammonia10.6 to 11.6

Milk6.5 6.7

Normal rain5.6 to 6

Acid rain2 to 5.6

Human urine6

Black coffee5

Beers4.5

Wines2.8 to 3.8

Vinegar2.9

Lemon juice2.4

Famous Inventions and InventorsApril 25, 2014Inventions and Discoveries

Air BrakeGeorge Westinghouse

Aniline DyesHoffman

Adding MachineBalise Pascal

AeroplaneWright Brothers

Air ConditionerCarrier

Atom BombOtto Hahn

AspirinDreser

Alcohol ThermometerFarenheit

Atomic ThermometerBohr

Atomic TheoryDalton

Atomic NumberMosley

Atomic StructureBohr and Rutherford

AutomobileDaimler

Antiseptic SurgeryLord Joseph Lister

Archimedean ScrewArchimedies

Avogadros HypothesisAvogadro

Ball PenLoud

BalloonMontogolfier

Blood CirculationHarvey

BarometerTorricelli

BicycleMac Millan

Braily SystemLouis Braille

Beri - BeriEijkman

Blood CirculationHarvey

BosonS.N.Bose

Boyles lawBoyle

BrailleLouis Braille

ComputerCharles Babbage

ChloroformJames Young Simpson

CinemaLumiere Brothers

Cinema ProjectorThomas Alva Edison

CrescographJ.C. Bose

CelluloidParkes

ChloroformJames Harrison and JamesYoung Simpson

Cholera BacillusRobert Koch

Coloured PhotographyLippman

Cosmic RaysR.A.Millikan

CyclotronLawrence

Diesel EngineRudolf Diesel

DynamoMichael Faraday

DynamiteAlfred Nobel

Deuterium (Heavy Water)H.C.Urey

Diesel Oil EngineRudolf Diesel

Discovery of Solar SystemCopernicus (1540)

Discovery of Specific GravityArchimedes

Electric BatteryVolta

Electric LampEdison

ElectricityFaraday

Electron TheoryBohar

Electrical WavesHeitz

Electric MeasurementGauss

DDTDr. Paul Muller

ElectronJ.J. Thompson

Electric LampThomas Alva Edison

ElevatorElisha G Otis

Fountain PenWaterman

Fahrenheit ScaleFahrenheit

Film & Photographic goodsKodak

GliderGeorge Cayley

GeneratorPiciontti

GramaphoneThomas Alva Edison

Gun PowderRoger Bacon

GeometryEuclid

HydrogenCavendish

HelicopterBroquett

Helium GasLockyer

HomoeopathyHahnemann

HovercraftCockrell

HydrophobiaLouis Pasteur

Jet EngineSir Frank Whittle

Intelligence TestsBinet

InsulinF. Banting

Induction of Electric CurrentFaraday

Incandescent BulbEdison

Induction CoilRohm Korff

InsulinF.Banting

Intelligence testBinet

Jet PropulsionFrank Whittle

Law of GravitationIssac Newton

Law of HeredityG. Mendal

LaserTheodore Maiman

Lightning ConductorBenjamin Franklin

LogarithmJohn Napier

Laughing GasPriestley

Life BoatHenry Great Head

Lift (Elevators)Otis

LinotypeMergenthaler

Line of demarcation (ship)Plimsoll

Laws of Electrical ResistanceOhm

Law of ElectrolysisFaraday

Law of gasesGay Lussac

Laws of GravitationNewton

Laws of Heredity GregoryMandel

Laws of Motion NewtonNewton

Laws of Natural SelectionsDarwin

Laws of Multiple ProportionDalton

Liquid Oxygen

Dewar

Machine GunDr. Richard Gattling

MaserCharles H. Townes

MicrophoneGraham Bell

Measurement of Electrical EnergyJoule, James Prescoft

MesonHideki Yakawa

MicroscopeJanes

MolecularScattering oflight in fluidRamanathan

Neon GasRamsay,Travers Neutron Chadwick

Nuclear FissionOttoHahn, Bohr and Fermi

Nylon PlasticCarothers

OxygenJ.B.Preistly

Origin of SpeciesCharles Darwin

ParachuteA.J. Garnerian

PencillinAlexander Fleming

Photography (Film)John Carbutt

Periodic LawMendeleef

PhonographEdison

Phonographic ShorthandPitman

Photograph DauguerreDauguerre

Principle for lever (S.P.Gravity)Archimedes

PhototherapyN.R.Finsen

Positive ElectronsAnderson

PowerloomCartwright

Pneumatic TyreDunlop

Printing for the BlindBraille

Printing PressCaxton

Printing TypesJohn Guttenberg

Psycho-analysisDr.Sigmund Freud

RayonSir Joseph Swan

Radio-activity of UraniumHenry Becquerel

Raman effectC.V.Raman

RadiumMadame Curie

Railway EngineStephenson

Radio transmitterAlexanderson

Rare GasCavandish

Replacing human heartChristian Barnard

RevolverColt

Quantum TheoryMax plank

RefrigeratorJames Harrison

Safety LampHumphry Davy

Safety MatchLand Strom

Safety PinWilliam Hunt

Safety RazorGillette

Sewing MachineBarthelling Thimonnier

Short HandPitman

Solar SystemCopernicus

Steam EngineJames Watt

Steam TurbineParsons

SpectroscopeBunsen

StethoscopeRene Laennee

SubmarineDavid Bushnell

SeismographRoberts Mallet

SextantHadley

Steam boatFulton

SubmarineBushwell

TalkiesLee-de-Frost

TankSwinton

TelegraphyWilliamF.Cooke&CharlesWheatstone

TelegraphCodeMorse

TelephoneAlexander Graham Bell

TelescopeGalileo

TelevisionJ.L. Baird

ThermosflaskDewar

TransistorShocklyand Bardeen

TypewriterSholes

Theory of EvolutionCharles Darwin

Theory of RelativityAlbert Einstein

Uranium fusionOho Hahn

Uranus (Planet)Herschel William

VaccinationJenner

Vaccum FlaskSir James Dewar

VulcanisationGood Year

Washing SodaLablanc

Wireless CommunicationOliver Lodge

Wireless TelegraphyMarcony

WirelessMarconi

X-rayW.C. Rontgen

New Appointments of 2014April 25, 2014In view of the upcoming exams, today we are presenting to you the list of New Appointments of 2014. In this list, we covered all important National and International Appointments which occurred in the past 4 months of the year 2014 (January, February, March and first 3 weeks of April). This list will be helpful for your upcoming Postal Assistants / Sorting Assistants, SBI PO and SSC CGL Exams. Hope you like the post.1. A L Banerjee - New DGP (UP)2. Aditi Khanna - First Woman President of Indian Journalists Association (IJA), London3. Ajoy Misra - MD & CEO, Tata Global Beverages Limited4. Akhilesh Das Gupta - President (Re-Elected), Badminton Association of India (BAI)5. Akhilesh Gupta - President of Indian Meteorological Society6. Amitabh Kant - Secretary, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion7. Arvind Mayaram - New Finance Secretary8. Arseniy Yatsenyuk - Interim Prime Minister of Ukraine9. Arun Kumar Gupta - CMD, Shipping Corporation of India (SCI)10. Ashraf Jehan - First female judge, Pakistans National Sharia Court11. Chetan Tamboli - Chairman of CII (Confederation of Indian Industry), Western Region12. Devendra Kumar Pathak - Special DG, Border Security Force13. Dinesh Sarraf - CMD of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation14. Edward Snowden - New Rector of the University of Glasgow15. Glen Attewell - New CEO to Tesco HSC16. G. Rohini First Woman Chief Justice, Delhi High Court17. H C Meena - Secretary Security, Cabinet Secretariat18. Harish Rawat - CM of Uttrarakhand.19. Ibrahim Mahlab - New PM of Egypt20. Jamila Bayaz - First Women Police Chief, Afghanistan21. Janet Yellen Head of US Federal Reserve (1st Woman)22. Jatinder Bir Singh - Chairman and Managing Director of Punjab and Sind Bank (PSB)23. John Thompson - Chairman of Microsoft24. Justice Ashok Kumar Mathur - Chairman of the 7th Pay Commission25. Justice B.S. Chauhan - Judge of the Supreme Court26. Kailash Meghwal - Speaker, Rajasthan Assembly27. Kalyan Singh - Vice President of BJP28. Kiran Mazumdar Shaw - Chairperson, Indian Institute of Management-Bangalore (IIM-B)29. Lt Gen P R Kumar - Director General of Military Operations (DGMO), Indian Army30. M Teresa Kho - ADBs (Asian Development Bank) new country director for India31. Malala Yousafzai - World Childrens Prize, Sweden32. Manoj Vaish - MD and CEO, Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd (MCX)33. Marco Lambertini - Director-General of the WWF International34. Matteo Renzi - Italys youngest PM35. Mukul Mudgal - Chairperson of Broadcasting Content Complaints Council (BCCC)36. Narendra Kothari New Chairman, NMDC37. N P Singh - CEO, Multi Screen Media38. N. Ramachandran - President, Indian Olympic Association39. N. Srinivasan - Chairman of the International Cricket Council40. Oleksandr Turchynov - Interim President of Ukraine41. P. Madhusudan - CMD, Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (RINL)42. Poonam Khetrapal Singh - Regional Director of World Health Organization South-East Asia Region43. Pradeep Kumar Saxena - GM, South Western Railway44. Priyadarshni Mohapatra - MD Avayas India and SAARC Operations45. R. Chandrashekhar - President, NASCOM46. R Gandhi - Deputy Governor of RBI47. R.K. Tiwari - Chairman of Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)48. R.M. Lodha - New Chief Justice of India49. R.K. Dhowan - New Navy Chief50. Rajeev Kher - Secretary in Department of Commerce51. Rajiv Takru - New Revenue Secretary52. Rakesh Maria - Mumbai Police Commissioner53. Ravi Chauhan - MD, SAP India54. S.K. Sharma - CMD of Bharat Electronics Ltd.55. Sanjay Kirloskar - Deputy Chairman of CII, Western Region56. Satya Nadella - CEO of Microsoft57. Saurabh Chandra - Secretary, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas58. Shankar Venkateswaran - Chief, Tata Sustainability Group59. Sheikh Hasina - Prime Minister of Bangladesh (Third Time)60. Shikar Dhawan - Brand Ambassador to Canara Bank61. Soma Mondel - First Woman Director of National Aluminium Company Ltd.62. B.N. Sri Krishna - Chairman of Financial Planning Standards Board India (FPSB)63. Sudhir Gupta - Secretary, TRAI64. Sunil Kumar Sood - General Manager, Central Railway65. Sushil Koirala - PM of Nepal66. T. Nanda Kumar - Chairman, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)67. Uday Sareen - Deputy CEO, ING Vysya Bank68. V.Kannan - CMD of Vijaya Bank69. Vinod Sawhney - CEO of Reliance Communication (RCom)70. Yaduvendra Mathur - CMD of Export-Import Bank of India

History Quiz : First in India ( Male )March 21, 20141. First Governor of Bengal Lord Clive ( 1757 60)

2. Last Governor of Bengal Lord Hastings ( 1772 74)

3. First Governor Genral of Bengal Lord Hastings ( 1774 75)4. First British Governor Gerneral of India Lord Bentinck ( 1833 35)

5. First British Viceroy of India Lord Canning ( 1856 62)

6. First President of Indian Rebublic Dr. Rajendra Prasad

7. First Prime Minister of free India Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru

8. First Indian to win Nobel Prize Rabindranath Tagore

9. First Muslim President of Indian National Congress Baduddin Tyabji

10. First Muslim President of India Dr. Zakir Hussain

11. First Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten

12. First and last Indian Governor General of India C. Rajgopalachari

13. First man who introduced printing press in India James Hicky

14. First Indian to join the I.C.S Satyendra Nath Tagore

15. Indias first Cosmonaut Rakesh Sharma

16. First Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term Morarji Desai17. First Indian Member of the Viceroys executive council S. P. Sinha

18. First President of India who died while in office Dr. Zakir Hussain

19. First Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament Charan Singh

20. First Field Marshal of India Field Marshal S.H.F. J. Maneckshaw

21. First Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics C.V. Raman

22. First Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

23. First Indian to cross English Channel Mihir Sen

24. First Person to receive Jananpith award G. Shanker Kurup25. First Speaker of the Lok Sabha G V Mavalankar

26. First Vice President of India Dr. S. Radhakrsihnan

27. First Home Minister Of India Sardar Vallabhbahi Patel

28. First Person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen Sherpa Ang Dorjee29. First person to reach the South Pole Col J K Bajaj

30. First Person to get Param Vir Chakra Major Somnath Sharma

31. First Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen

32. First Person to receive Magsaysay Award Vinoba Bhave

33. First Indian Origin person to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine Hargobind Khurana

34. First Person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics Amartya Sen

35. First Chief Justice of Supreme Court Justice H. J. Kania

36. First Indian to win back to back medals in Olympics Sushil Kumar ( 2008, 2012)

37. First Man to climb Mount Everest Twice Nwang Gombu

38. First Man to Climb Mt. Everest 19 times Apa Sherpa

39. First Indian Chess Grandmaster Vishwanathan Anand ( 1988)40. First Indian Pilot J.R. D. Tata ( 1929)

History Quiz : First in India ( Female )March 21, 20141. First female officer to be court martial led - Anjali Gupta

2. First woman judge in the Supreme Court Justice - M. Fathima Bivi

3. First woman Ambassador/High Commissioner - Miss C.B. Muthamma

4. First woman Governor of a state in India Mrs. Sarojini Naidu

5. First woman Speaker of a state Assembly Mrs. Shanno Devi

6. First woman Prime Minister - Mrs. Indira Gandhi

7. First woman Minister in Government - Rajkumari Amrit Kaur

8. First woman to climb mount Everest- Bachhendri Pal

9. First woman to climb mount Everest twice - Santosh Yadav

10. First woman President of Indian National Congress - Mrs. Annie Besant

11. First woman pilot in the Indian Air Force- Harita K Deol

12. First woman graduates - Kadambini Ganguly & Chandramukhi Basu (1883)

13. First woman Airline Pilot- Durba Banerjee

14. First Indian woman Honours graduate - Kamini Roy (1886)

15. First woman Olympic medal Winner - Karnam Maleshwari (2000)

16. First woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner - Kamaljit Sandhu

17. First woman President of United Nations General Assembly - Vijay Lakshmi Pandit 18. First woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission - Roze Millian Bethew

19. First woman Director General of Police - Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya

20. First Indian woman Judge - Anna Chandy (1937)

21. First woman Chief Justice of High Court - Mrs. Leela Seth

22. First woman Lieutenant General - Dr. Punita Arora

23. First woman Air Vice Marshal - Dr. Padmavathi Bandopadhyaya24. First woman chairperson of Indian Airlines - Sushma Chawla

25. First woman IPS officer - Mrs. Kiran Bedi

26. First and last Muslim woman ruler of India - Razia Sultan

27. First woman of receive Ashoka Chakra - Nirja Bhanot

28. First woman to receive jnanpith Award - Ashapurna Devi

29. First woman to cross English Channel - Aarti Saha30. First Indian woman to receive the Nobel Prize - Mother Teresa

31. First woman to receive Bharat Ratna - Mrs.Indra Gandhi

32. First Indian women to cross Gobi Desert - Sucheta Kadethankar (2011)

33. First Indian woman to reach the final of an Olympic event - P.T. Usha

34. First Test Tube Baby (Documented) - Indira

35. First Indian woman Merhcant Navy Officer - Sonali Banerjee

List of Important Battles for SSC CGL ExamMarch 21, 2014Dear readers, here we are providing list of some Important Battles of Indian history which can be useful in your upcoming SSC exams.

1. Battle of Chausa: 1539 A.D. - The battle of Chausa was fought between Mughal emperor Humayun and Sher Shah Suri. In this battle Humayun was defeated. It facilitated Sher Khan to march on to Delhi at Agra.

2. Battle of Hydaspes 326 B.C.Alexander the Great, defeated Porus, the Paurava king.3. Battle of Kannauj (1540 A.D.) Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun. After this battle, Humayun fled to Iran and Sher Shah Suri occupied Delhi.4. Battle of Kalinga 261 B.C. Ashoka defeated the king of Kalinga. Ashoka embraced Buddhism and preached it during the rest of his life after this war. 5. First Battle of Tarain or Thaneswar A.D. 1191 - Prithvi Raj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori. 6. Second Battle of Tarain A.D. 1192 - Mohammed Ghori defeated Prithvi Raj Chauhan. Ghoris victory paved the way for the establishment of Muslim rule in India.7. First Battle of Panipat 1526 Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi. This laid the foundation of the Mughal rule in India. 8. Second Battle of Panipat 1556Bairam Khan (Akbars General) defeated Hemu (the Hindu General and right-hand man of Mohd. Adil Shah). It also ended the Afghan Rule and Mughal Rule began instead. 9. Third Battle of Panipat 1761Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Marathas. It gave a terrible blow to the Maratha power. It made the field clear for the English. 10. Battle of Khanwah 1527 Babar defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar. This battle resulted in the defeat of the powerful Rajput confederacy. 11. Battle of Talikota 1564- 65United alliance between Bijapur, Bidar, Ahmednagar and Golkonda under Hussain Nizam Shah defeated Ram Raja of Vijayanagar. It destroyed the Hindu Kingdom of Vijayanagar. 12. Battle of Haldighati 1576Akbars forces headed by Raja Man Singh defeated Rana Pratap, the brave Rajput king. Though defeated, Rana Pratap refused to accept Mughal authority and carried on warfare till his death. 13. Battle of Plassey 1757 The English under Lord Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah. It brought Muslim Rule in Bengal to an end and laid foundations of the British Rule in India. 14. Battle of Wandiwash 1760The English defeated the French. The battle sealed the fate of the French in India and paved the way for English rule in India.15. Battle of Buxar 1764 Fought in 1764 between the forces of the English and the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah (Nawab of Oudh) and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam. The English victory at Buxar finally riveted the shackles of the Companys rule upon Bengal. 16. First Mysore War (1767- 68)In 1768, Haider Ali was defeated by the English relinquishing all his rights over Mysore in favour of the English. 17. Second Mysore War 1780 A grand alliance between Haider Ali, the Nizam and the Marathas was formed and Haider Ali. He defeated the English and took possession of Arcot and became the undisputed master of the Carnatic. 18. Third Mysore War 1790- 92Fought between the English and Tipu Sultan. Tipu Sultan had to submit and was compelled to sign the Treaty of Seringapattam stripped him of half his territory. 19. Fourth Mysore War 1799 The British forces under Arthur Wellesley defeated Tipu Sultan, which brought the end of the Tipu Sultan.20. First Anglo-Maratha War (17751782) was the first of three Anglo-Maratha wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. The war began with the Treaty of Surat and ended with the Treaty of Salbai.21. Second Anglo Maratha War 1803-05It weakened the Maratha power. The English annexed Tanjore, Surat and Carnatic. 22. Third Anglo Maratha War 1817- 18The British forces defeated Marathas and this campaign finally extinguished the Maratha Empire. 23. Battle of Cheelianwala 1849Forces of the East India Company under Lord Hugh Gough defeated the Sikhs under Sher Singh. 24. Burmese War 1885As a result of this War, the whole of Burma was occupied by the English and made a part of India. 25. Afghan War III 1919As a result of this War, Treaty of Rawalpindi was signed by which Afghanistan was recognised as an independent State.

FEW FACTS ABOUT INDIAMarch 21, 2014In the prevailing scenario, we know we have many reasons to be mad about the situation of our country. But its always better to look at positive side and be happy and proud about it, then to look at the negative side and criticise. So, enlisting below just few of the many positive points about INDIA.

1. India is the worlds largest, oldest, continuous civilization.

2. India is the worlds Largest democracy.

3. India never invaded any country in her last 1000 years of history.

4. India invented the number system. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.

5.When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization)

6. There are 300,000 active mosques in India , more than in any other country, including the Muslim world

7. Sanskrit is the mother of all the European Languages . Sanskrit is the most suitable language for computer software a report in Forbes magzine July 1987.

8. Chess (Shataranja or AshtaPada) was invented in India.

9. India has the second largest pool of Scientist and Engineers in the World.

10. India is the largest English speaking nation in the world.

11. India is the only country other than US and Japan, to have built a super computer indeigenously.

12. India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world

13. One of the largest employer in the world is the Indian Railways , employing over a million people

14. India was one of the richest countries till the time of British rule in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus, attracted by Indias wealth, had come looking for a sea route to India when he discovered America by mistake.

15. The Baily Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. It was built by the Indian Army in August 1982

16. The Vishnu Temple in the city of Tirupathi built in the 10th century, is the worlds largest religious pilgrimagedestination. Larger than either Rome or Mecca, an average of 30,000 visitors donate $6 million (US) to the temple everyday.

17. Varanasi, also known as Benaras, was called the Ancient City when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C., and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.

18. Martial Arts were first created in India, and later spread to Asia by Buddhist missionaries.

19.Yoga has its origins in India and has existed for over 5,000 years.

20. Until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds in the world.21. The value of pi was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, long before the European mathematicians.22. Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father of Medicine, Charaka, consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.23. India provides safety for more than 300,000 refugees originally from Sri Lanka, Tibet, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, who escaped to flee religious and political persecution.24. Sushruta is regarded as the Father of Surgery. Over2600 years ago Sushrata & his team conducted complicated surgeries like cataract, artificial limbs, cesareans, fractures, urinary stones, plastic surgery and brain surgerie25. The Art of Navigation & Navigating was born in the river Sindh over 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH. The word navy is also derived from the Sanskrit word Nou.Jai Hind!!!

SSC Quiz : : The First Men in India who made historyMarch 21, 2014Dear readers we are providing here the first men and there accomplishment which has been asked in every competitive examinations.The first President of Indian RepublicDr. Rajendra Prasad

The first Prime Minister of free IndiaPt. Jawahar Lal Nehru

The first Indian to win Nobel PrizeRabindranath Tagore

The first President of Indian National CongressW.C. Banerjee

The first Muslim President of Indian National CongressBadruddin Tayyabji

The first Muslim President of IndiaDr. Zakir Hussain

The first British Governor General of IndiaLord William Bentinck(1833-1835)

The first British Governor General of BengalLord Warren Hasting(1774-1885)

The first British Viceroy of IndiaLord Canning

The first Governor General of free IndiaLord Mountbatten

The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free IndiaC. Rajgopalachari

The first man who introduced printing press in IndiaJames Hicky

The first Indian to join the I.C.SSatyendra Nath Tagore

Indias first man in SpaceRakesh Sharma

The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full termMorarji Desai

The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of IndiaGeneral Cariappa

The first Chief of Army StaffGen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji

The first Indian Member of the Viceroys executive councilS.P.Sinha

The first President of India who died while in officeDr. Zakhir Hussain

The first Muslim President of Indian RepublicDr. Zakhir Hussain

The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the ParliamentCharan Singh

The first Field Marshal of IndiaS.H.F. Manekshaw

The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in PhysicsC.V.Raman

The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna awardDr. Radhakrishnan

The first Indian to cross English ChannelMihir Sen

The first Person to receive Jnanpith awardSri Shankar Kurup

The firs Speaker of the Lok SabhaGanesh Vasudeva Mavalankar

The first Vice-President of IndiaDr. Radhakrishnan

The first Education MinisterAbdul Kalam Azad

The first Home minister of IndiaSardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

The first Indian Air Chief MarshalS. Mukherjee

The first Indian Naval ChiefVice Admiral R.D. Katari

The first Judge of International Court of JusticeDr. Nagendra Singh

The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygenSherpa Anga Dorjee

The first person to get Param Vir ChakraMajor Somnath Sharma

The first Chief Election CommissionerSukumar Sen

The first person to receive Magsaysay AwardAcharya Vinoba Bhave

The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in MedicineHargovind Khurana

The first Chinese traveller to visit IndiaFahein

The first person to receive Stalin PrizeSaifuddin Kitchlu

The first person to resign from the Central CabinetShyama Prasad Mukherjee

The first person to receive Nobel Prize in EconomicsAmartya Sen

The first Chief Justice of Supreme CourtJustice Hirala J. Kania

The first Indian PilotJ.R.D. Tata (1929)

All About Bharat Ratna Award: Indias Highest Civilian HonourMarch 21, 2014Legendary cricketer Sachin Tendulkar and eminent scientist Prof C N Rao was presented with the Bharat Ratna Award by Indias President Pranab Mukherjee on 4 February 2014 in New Delhi.

The Little Master Tendulkar, who retired from international cricket on November 16 last year, is the first sportsman to bestowed with the honour.An outspoken scientist, Prof Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao is a well recognized international authority on solid state and materials chemistry is the third scientist after C V Raman and former President A P J Abdul Kalam to be conferred with the Bharat Ratna.Tendulkar (40) and Rao (79), both of whom are recipients of Padma Vibhushan the countrys second highest civilian honour, will join a list of 41 eminent personalities who have been conferred with the award that is given in recognition of exceptional service of the highest order since it was instituted in 1954.Bharat Ratna Award: The Bharat Ratna, (Jewel of India in English) is Indias highest civilian honour.Until 2011, the official criteria for awarding the Bharat Ratna stipulated it was to be conferred for the highest degrees of national service. This service includes artistic, literary, and scientific achievements, as well as recognition of public service of the highest order.In December 2011, the Government of India modified the criteria to allow sportspersons to receive the award; since then, the award may be conferred for performance of highest order in any field of human endeavor.Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex is eligible for the award.The recommendations for an award of the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister of India to the President of India; a maximum of three awards may be made in a given year.Specifications of Bharat Ratna Award: The original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun and the legend Bharat Ratna (in Devanagari) above and a floral wreath below.

The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be worn around the neck from a white ribbon.

There is no indication that any specimens of this design were ever produced and one year later the design was altered.

The decoration is in the form of a peepal leaf, about 5.8 cm long, 4.7 cm wide and 3.1 mm thick. It is of toned bronze.

The award is attached to a 2-inch-wide (51 mm) white ribbon, and is designed to be worn around the recipients neck.Interesting facts and information about Bharat Ratna award:Bharat Ratna is the most prestigious award given by Indian government. Anyone with a great performance in any field is eligible for this honor.1. The medal looks like a peepul leaf with Bharat Ratna written on it in Devanagari script. An image of sun is also printed on it. The back side of the award carries the state emblem and motto.

2. The award was started by formal President of India Rajendra Prasad on 2nd January, 1954. At that time only the alive people were eligible for their national service. Later these criteria were changed.

3. The first person to receive Bharat Ratna was scientist C.V. Raman and the first person to receive Bharat Ratna after death is Lal Bahadur Shashtri.

4. Rajiv Gandhi is the youngest receiver (after death, at age 47) of the award and Indira Gandhi is the youngest alive receiver (at age 54) of the award.

5. Vallabhbhai Patel is the eldest to receive (after death, at age 116) the award and Gulzarilal Nanda is the eldest alive person to receive (at age 99) the award.

6. Among 41 awards given so far only 2 awards were given to foreign citizen-Nelson Mandela (1990), Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987).

7. Subhas Chandra Bose was awarded with Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1992. But due to controversy (as there is no evidence of Subhas Chandra Boses death) the award was withdrawn. It is the only incident in the history of Bharat Ratna that an award was withdrawn.

8. There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens. Bharat Ratna has been one award to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa (1980), and to two non-Indians, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987) and Nelson Mandela (1990).

9. Hindustani music doyen Bhimsen Joshi being the last recipient in 2008.

10. Sachin Tendulkar is the youngest person alive at the time of receiving the award (at the age of 40). Dhondo Keshav Karve is the eldest person alive at the time of receiving the award (age 100).

11. CNR Rao became the third scientist after C V Raman and former President A P J Abdul Kalam to be conferred with the Bharat Ratna.The Bharat Ratna holders however, come 7th in the Indian order of precedence behind:1. The President2. The Vice-President3. The Prime Minister4. The State Governors5. The former Presidents and the Deputy Prime Minister6. The Lok Sabha Speaker and Chief Justice of IndiaThe perks associated with Bharat Ratna are:1. Free first class flight journey anywhere in India.2. Free first class train journey.3. Pension equal to or 50% of Prime Minister of Indias salary.4. Can attend the Parliament meetings and sessions.5. Precedence at par with Cabinet Rank.6. Eligible for Z category protection, if needed.7. Special Guest in Republic Day and Independence Day.8. Status equal to VVIP.

SSC QUIZ ( IMPORTANT QUESTION ON GEOGRAPHY)March 21, 20141. The first person to use the word geography was Erastosthenes (276 194 BC)

2. The First presented the India on the world map Tolmie

3. 10 latitude give the separation of 111 kms

4. 10 Longitude is equal to 4 (minutes)

5. The Closest capital to tropic cancer Ranchi

6. 3 capitals are above to Tropic of Cancer Jaipur, Aizwol, Agarthala

7. The atmosphere layer which reflects radio waves is known as - Lonosphere

8. Which State is known as the name of Black Water?- Andaman and Nicobar

9. Which latitude divides India into two parts? 23 0

10. The largest delta in the world is The delta of Ganga

11. The type of climate in India is Monsoon

12. Most of the iron in India is found in Dharwar Rocks

13. Ozone layer is found in Stratosphere

14. Ring of fire refers to Circum Pacific Seismic belt

15. Willy Willy is the tropical cyclone occurring in Coast of North west Australia

16. On which river, the Baglihar Hydro- power project is located? Chenab

17. The term Rugur refers to Black cotton Soil

18. Which two peninsular rivers flow through troughs? Narmad and Tapi

19. How much area does India cover of the total geographical area of the world? 2.42 %

20. The length of the Indian coastline is- 7516.6 km

Some Important Boundary Lines

Durand LineBetween Pakistan and Afghanistan

Hinderberg lineBetween Germany and Poland

49 th ParallelBetween USA and Canada

Mac Mohan LineBetween India and Tibet / China

Maginot LineBetween France and Germany

38th ParallelBetween North and South Korea

Oder Neisse LineBetween Germany and Poland

Radcliffe LineBetween India and Pakistan

17th ParallelBetween Inda and Pakistan(as claimed by Pakistan)

RIVERS SIDE CITIES ( IMPORTANT FOR SSC 10 + 2)March 20, 2014TownRiver

Kabul (Afghanistan)Kabul

AllahabadConfluence of Ganga,Yamuna,Saraswati (invisible)

VaranasiGanga

NasikGodawari

KolkataHooghly

CuttackMahanadi

PatnaGanga

Chittagong (Bangladesh)Maiyani

LucknowGomati

JamshedpurSubarnarekha

HaridwarGanga

DelhiYamuna

KanpurGanga

SuratTapti

SrinagarJhelum

FerozepurSutlej

LudhianaSutlej

Karachi (Pak)Indus

Yangon (Myanmar)Irawady

Akyab (Myanmar)Irawady

VijaywadaKrishna

Lahore (Pak)Ravi

Paris (France)Seine

Hamburg (Germany)Elbe

Budapest (Hungary)Danube

Rome (Italy)Tiber

Warsaw (Poland)Vistula

Bristol (U.K.)Avon

London (U.K.)Thames

New Castle (U.K.)Tyre

China

ShanghaiYang-tse-Kiang

NankingYang-tse-Kiang

ChungkingYang-tse-Kiang

CantonSi-Kiang

Middle East and Africa

Cairo (Egypt)Nile

Basra (Iraq)Tigris and Euphrates

Ankara (Turkey)Kizil

Baghdad (Iraq)Tigris

Khartoum (Sudan)Blue and While Nile

Europe

Berlin (Germany)Spree

BelgradeDunube

Cologne (Germany)Rhine

Lisbon (Portugal)Tangus

Glasgow (Scotland)Clyde

USA

New YorkHudson

PhiladelphiaDelaware

New OrleansMississippi

Monetreal (Canada)Ottawa

Quebec (Canada)St. Lawrence

Short Notes on MINERALSJuly 29, 2014India is quite rich in minerals. Substances which are found in the rocks lie hidden under the ground are called minerals.Some /of the minerals like iron, copper, zinc, aluminium, GOLD AND SILVER are metals while some others like coal, petroleum, lime stone and salt are non-metals.The metals are found in their crude form known as ores. The metals have to be obtained from their ores by melting or by other process.1. IRON :Iron is found in the earths surface in its crude form known as iron-ore. India has huge deposits of iron-ore in Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra.Iron-ore is found in the mines at Singhbhum in Bihar and Mayurbhanj in Orissa.Steel is obtained by alloying iron with manganese.We have big steel plants at Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Rourkela and Bhadravati.2.COAL :It is known as black diamond. Products like nylon, chemicals, dyes, drugs and perfumes are obtained from the distillation of coal.Coal is found in Bihar, West Bengal, Damodar Valley, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.Jharia in Bihar and Raniganj in West Bengal are the largest coal mines in India.Other coal mines are located at Suhagpur (Madhya Pradesh) Dhanbad (Bihar) Neyveli (Tamil Nadu) and Singarani (Andhra Pradesh).3. PETROLEUM :Petroleum is known as black gold.Petroleum is found at Digboi in Assam, Ankaieshwar and Kalol in Gujarat and Bombay High off the shore of Bombay.The petroleum produced in India is not sufficient to meet our requirements.4. MANGANESE :Manganese is used in the manufacture of steel.India is one of the largest producers of manganese in the world.It is found in Orissa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.5. MICA :It is a bad conductor of electricity.It is used as insulator in making electrical goods like radio sets and wireless sets.India is the largest producer of mica in the world.Its huge deposits are found in Gaya, Monghyr and Hazaribagh districts of Bihar.Mica is also found in large quantities in Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. A large quantity of mica is exported to other countries.6. ALUMINIUM :It is a light but hard metal.The ore from which aluminum is produced is known as bauxite.Huge deposits of bauxite are found in Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra.7. COPPER :It is a good conductor of electricity.It alloys with zinc to form brass and with tin to form bronze.It occurs in small quantities in India.It is found at Khetri in Rajasthan. Some copper has been found in Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.8. GOLD :Gold is produced from the mines at Kolor and Hutti in Karnataka and Anantopuram in Andhra Pradesh.9. DIAMOND :Diamonds are found in the mines at Panno in Madhya Pradesh.