gita chapter 2 (part 2)
TRANSCRIPT
Maximum Happiness to the Maximum Number of People for the Maximum Time
CHINMAYA MISSION BOSTON
The Holy Geeta
Chapter 2 – The Yoga of Knowledge
Page 2
Chapter 2 – Summary of last class
• What is Real?
• What is Unreal?
Page 3
Chapter 2 – Summary of last class
Go beyond the name and the form to the SOURCE
The Real always is - NICE
No birth or death
Indestructible and Imperishable
Changeless
Eternal
The Unreal
Born again and again
Destructible and Perishable
Changes constantly
Impermanent
Page 4
Chapter 2 - The Yoga of Self-Knowledge (Sankhya Yoga)
3. Karma Yoga (47-60) 4. Bhakti Yoga (61-70) 5. Gnana Yoga (71-72)
1. Arjuna’s Total Surrender to Krishna (1-10)
10/04/2012
Today’s Discussion
2. Nature of Reality (11-46)
Page 5
Chapter 2 – Agenda
• Why ‘Arjuna’ should not grieve?
• Three ‘yogas’ – Karma, Bhakti, and Gnana – what are
they?
Page 6
Chapter 2 – Why Arjuna should not grieve
• Knowledge
• Dharma
• Worldly
• Material
• Practical
Page 7
Chapter 2 – Why Arjuna should not grieve – Knowledge Perspective
• Who are we grieving for? (or Who is the Being for whom
we Grieve?) – object of grief
• Who is it that grieves? – subject of grief
Page 8
Who are we grieving for?
…The ETERNAL??
Page 9
Who is grieving?
…The One that is Born Again & Again
Page 10
Chapter 2 – Why Arjuna should not grieve – Knowledge Perspective
22. Just as a man casts off his worn out clothes and puts on new ones, so also
the embodied-Self casts off its worn out bodies and enters others which
are new.
23. Weapons cleave It not, fire burns It not, water moistens It not, wind dries
It not.
24. This Self cannot be cut, nor burnt, nor moistened, nor dried up. It is
eternal, all-pervading, stable immovable and ancient.
30. This, the Indweller in the body of everyone is ever indestructible, O
Bharata; and, therefore, you should not grieve for any creature.
Who grieves for Whom?
Page 11
Chapter 2 – Why Arjuna should not grieve – Dharma Perspective
• Performance of Dharma brings peace and prosperity
• Non-performance brings tension and suffering
Page 12
Kshatriya …
Page 13
Brahmana …
Page 14
Vyshya…
Page 15
Shudra…
…perform your DHARMA
Page 16
Chapter 2 – Why Arjuna should not grieve
Play Verses 31-39
Page 17
Chapter 2 – Why Arjuna should not grieve – Dharma Perspective
31 Further, looking at your own duty thou ought not to waver, for there is
nothing higher for a KSHATRIYA than a righteous war.
32 Happy indeed are the KSHATRIYAS, O Partha, who are called to fight
in such a battle, that comes of itself as an open-door to heaven.
33 But, if you will not fight this righteous war, then, having abandoned your
own duty and fame, you shall incur sin.
Page 18
Chapter 2 – Why Arjuna should not grieve – Worldly Perspective
• Perform actions that bring love and respect
• Avoid actions that bring sorrow and disrepute
Page 19
Chapter 2 – Why Arjuna should not grieve – Worldly Perspective
34 People too, will recount your everlasting dishonor; and to one who has
been honored, dishonor is more than death.
35 The great battalion commanders will think that you have withdrawn
from the battle through fear; and you will be looked down upon by them
who had thought much of you and your heroism in the past.
36 And many unspeakable words will your enemies speak cavilling about
your powers. What can be more painful than this?
Page 20
Chapter 2 – Why Arjuna should not grieve – Material Perspective
• Fighting the war brings material gains
Page 21
Winning the war…
…increases material wealth
Page 22
Slain…
…you reach HEAVEN
Page 23
Chapter 2 – Why Arjuna should not grieve – Material Perspective
37 Slain, you will obtain heaven; victorious you will enjoy the earth;
therefore, stand up, O son of Kunti, determined to fight.
Page 24
Chapter 2 – Why Arjuna should not grieve - Practical
• Do not grieve for those who do not need or deserve to
be grieved over
Page 25
Chapter 2 – YOGA OF KNOWLEDGE
38 Having made --- pleasure and pain, gain and loss, victory and defeat ---
the same, engage in battle for the sake of battle; thus you shall not incur
sin.
39 This, which has been taught to thee, is wisdom concerning SANKHYA.
Now listen to the wisdom concerning YOGA, having known which, O
Partha, you shall cast off the bonds-of-action.
Page 26
Chapter 2 - The Yoga of Self-Knowledge (Sankhya Yoga)
3. Karma Yoga (47-60) 4. Bhakti Yoga (61-70) 5. Gnana Yoga (71-72)
1. Arjuna’s Total Surrender to Krishna (1-10)
12/02/2012
Today’s Discussion
2. Nature of Reality (11-46)
Page 27
Chapter 2 – Summary of Last Class
• What motivates people to act?
• How to achieve efficiency in action?
o No regrets of the past, expectations of the future and anxieties in
the present
Evenness of mind is called YOGA
Skill in action is called YOGA
Page 28
Chapter 2 – Nature of Reality and Karma Yoga
Play Verses 40-53
Page 29
Chapter 2 – Man of Steady Wisdom
54. Arjuna said: What, O Keshava, is the description of him who has steady
Wisdom and who is merged in the Superconscious state? How does one of
steady Wisdom speak, how does he sit, how does he walk?
• How does a ‘man of steady wisdom’ (or self-realized man)
behave in this world?
Page 30
Chapter 2 – Jill Bolte Taylor
TED Video on Jill Bolte Taylor – Stroke of Insight
Page 31
Chapter 2 – Class Discussion
• What is inspiring about this story?
• What does this story say about ‘who are you’?
• How can this story influence how you react?
Page 32
Chapter 2 – Bhakti Yoga and Gnana Yoga
Play Verses 54-72
Page 33
Chapter 2 – Man of Steady Wisdom
55. The Blessed Lord said: When a man completely casts off, O Partha, all
the desires of the mind, and is satisfied in the Self by the Self, then is he
said to be one of steady Wisdom?
56. He whose mind is not shaken by adversity, and who in prosperity does not
hanker after pleasures, who is free from attachment, fear and anger, is
called a Sage-of-Steady-Wisdom.
57. He who is everywhere without attachment, on meeting with anything
good or bad, who neither rejoices nor hates, his Wisdom is fixed.
58. When, like the tortoise which withdraws its limbs from all sides, he
withdraws his senses from the sense-objects then his Wisdom becomes
steady.
Page 34
Chapter 2 – Ladder of Fall
• How does a man get entangled with this world and how
does he fall from Godhood to man?
Page 35
Chapter 2 – Ladder of Fall
Object
Attachment
Desire
Anger
Delusion
Destruction of
Discrimination
Page 36
Chapter 2 – Fall of Man
62. When a man thinks of objects, ‘attachment’ for them arises; from
attachment ‘desire’ is born; from desire arises ‘anger’…
63. From anger comes ‘delusion’; from delusion ‘loss of memory’; from loss of
memory the ‘destruction of discrimination’; from destruction of
discrimination, he ‘perishes’
Page 37
Chapter 2 – Class Discussion
What is happiness? Can you develop an equation for
Happiness?
Page 38
Chapter 2 – Class Discussion
If happiness is defined as follows:
Desires Fulfilled
Happiness = -----------------------
Total Desires
How will you increase ‘Happiness’ based on the
above equation?
Page 39
Chapter 2 – Fall of Man
70. He attains Peace into whom all desires enter as waters enter the ocean,
which, filled from all sides, remains unmoved; but not the ‘desirer of
desires’
Page 40
Chapter 2 – Summary of Class
• What is Real and what is Unreal?
o Real is NICE (No birth or death; Indesctructible and Imperishable;
Changeless and Eternal)
• Why Arjuna should not grieve?
o Knowledge, Dharma, Worldly, Material, Practical perspectives
• How to achieve efficiency in action?
o No regrets of the past, expectations of the future and anxieties in
the present
• How does a man of steady wisdom behave?
o No desires – satisfied in the ‘Self’ by the ‘Self’
• How does a man get entangled with this world?
o Ladder of fall – objects, attachment, desire, anger, delusion,
destruction of discrimination
Page 41
Chapter 2 – Summary of Class – Practical Tips
• ‘This too shall pass’
• Act efficiently at all times
• Convert ‘excuses’ into ‘challenges’
• Watch out for the ‘ladder of fall’
Page 42
Chapter 2 – On the Lighter Side….
The Karma of Forwarding Emails
Arjun: Hey Vasudev, how can I do the most heinous and unpardonable act
of forwarding emails that I receive, to my friends, relatives and revered elders?
Krishna: Paarth, at this moment, none of them is your friend or foe,
relative or in-law, young or old and good or evil. You have no escape
from following your Net-Dharma. Make haste to log on and send off the
email to one and all. That is the only Karma expected of you and the Dharma you
must follow.
Arjun: Hey Murari! Do not implore me to do something that pricks my
conscience and stirs my soul.
Krishna: O Kunti-Putra, you are caught in the vicious circle of Maya.
In this material world, you are committed to no one except to yourself, your
Dharma and your mouse. emails have existed for the last 25 years and will remain
long after you are gone. Rise above the Maya and perform your bounden duty.
Page 43
Chapter 2 – On the Lighter Side….
Arjun: Lord Krishna, I pray ,enlighten me on how email is related to Maya.
Krishna: Vatsa, email is the 6th element in the universe - Aap, Vaayu, Jal, Agni,
Aakaash and email. It is at the same time animate and inanimate, living and dead
beat. It overloads the system and fills up the hard disk. But it serves one great
purpose. It leads people to believe that they are filling their time in an intellectual
pursuit by reading and re-forwarding mail. It gives them a sense of achievement
without investing their intellect and efforts. Like the Atman that leaves one’s
physical body and moves on to another, the email moves from system to system
and never gets deleted or dies.
Arjun: Great Giridhaari, kindly tell me what the true attributes of email are.
Krishna: Neither fire can burn it, nor air can evaporate it. Neither can it be
conquered nor can it be defeated. Email is omnipresent and immortal like your
noble and eternal soul. Unlike an arrow shot from your bow, many a time the email
forwarded by you, will even return to you safely after some months or even years,
allowing you to re-re-forward it to the same people.
Page 44
Chapter 2 – On the Lighter Side….
Arjun: Great Saarathi, my salutations to you. You have opened my eyes to the cult
of email. I was lost in the Maya and have been reading all the email that I keep
receiving and doing no other Karma. Now on, I will just press the "Forward" button
without reading any of it and send it to all and sundry, friends and foes, relatives
and in-laws, young and old. That will surely bring them to their knees in this
epochal battle of Good against Evil, in the Kurukshetra.
Krishna: Arjuna, victory or defeat is not in your hands. Do not ponder over the
fruits of your labour. Just keep forwarding email and make one and all go bananas
reading it and you will have done your supreme duty.
Tathastu.