gis brownbag series attributes. in the beginning… earliest gis systems did not have attributes...
Post on 20-Jan-2016
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TRANSCRIPT
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GIS Brownbag Series
Attributes
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In the beginning…
Earliest GIS systems did not have attributes
Needed separate layers for labels (e.g. names)
CAD software still maintains different separate layers
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Amelia Earhart
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Shapefile showing Amelia’s last flight
Right-click on the name of the shapefile for the flight path to open attribute table
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LENGTH FROM_CITY TO_CITY
1414.502 Oakland Tucson
2323.930 Tucson New Orleans
1186.745 New Orleans Miami
1783.788 Miami San Juan
974.294 San Juan Caripito
1004.282 Caripito Paramaribo
Attributes:
•Length
•FROM_CITY
•TO_CITY
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Feeding sites of a chimp called “Fifi”
Aerial photograph ofGombe National Park.
Feeding sites stored in a shapefile or personal geodatabase
Aerial photograph stored as a raster
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Raster attributes
Number of attributes attached to rasters is limited
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Shapefile or Personal Geodatabase Attributes
Many attributes can be attached to each feature
OBJECTID and Shape attributes are automatically
generated by ArcGIS
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Attributes can be:
• Numbers (whole or with decimal places)
• Names or text
• Dates
• Hyperlinks
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Depending on type of attribute different maps can be created
This map was created based on text attribute
Numbers allow to display population size
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Depending on type of attribute different analysis can be done
What if you want to show the area for
each County?
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Adding fields to an attribute table
Step 1: Create a new attribute that will hold the area
B. Click “Options” button. Then select “Add
Field”
A. Open attribute table
If “Add Field..” is “greyed-out” stop edit session and try again
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Pick any name you like. Must be < 11 characters
Other choices: Text, Date, Short or Long Integer
Number of spaces to store a number
Number of decimals. E.g. 1.1234
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The new attribute “Area” has been added!
Right-click on “AREA” and select
Calculate Geometry
Notice how all the area’s are set to “0”
Step 2: Calculate the area
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Joining other data to attribute tables
Table with population size for each County
Goal: show those numbers on a map
Solution: join this data to the shapefile from previous slide
Step 1: Save your data in Excel as a DBF4 file
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Add your .dbf file to ArcMap
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Determine how you are going to join your data
Join “population” table to shapefile
Look for a primary key: an attribute that both tables have in common and that can be used for the join.
Here: both tables have County names
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Joining tables
Right-click on the shapefile
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Choose “No”
Make sure that primary key is the same data type in both tables:
E.g. you can not join numbers to text.
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Data from shapefile
Data from “population” table we joined to the
shapefile
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Tip: export joined table to new shapefile
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Map showing population size for each County
Maybe population density would be a more informative map..
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Density is “POPULATION” / “AREA”
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Add a new field to store density attribute
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Right-click on
DENSITY
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Types of Relationships
This is a one-to-one relationship
One record in the shapefile matches one record in the population table
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FID Name
0 Joe
1 Kelly
2 Dan
3 George
4 Spencer
5 Mike
Name Pet
Joe Cat
Joe Dog
Kelly Cat
Dan Dog
Mike Snake
Mike Cat
Mike Hamster
Is this a one-to-one relationship?
?
Types of Relationships
Can we join this data?
NO! Instead of “join”, use a “relate”
NO! It is a one-to-many
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Relates: Example
DBF table with information about a few
different laterals
Goal: we want to look at those laterals on a map
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This is the NHD: it has the geometry
Relate NHD to the laterals table
This is a one-to-many relationship
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H Canal is selected
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Use “info” tool on this line segment
Attributes for that line segment
By clicking the + you see related
tables
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Tables that NHDFlowline layer is
related to
By relating tables the user has much more
information at “his/her fingertips”
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Upcoming Brownbag Lectures
May 20: Model Builder
June 17: How to make maps that communicate
Check out previous Brownbag Presentations on WEnet