gis applications in irrigation management

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GIS applications in Irrigation Management

K. Abdul HakeemEngineer ‘SF’

Water Resources Division, NRSC

2 of 43 K. Abdul HakeemGIS applications in Irrigation Management

Hydrologic Cycle

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GIS Applications

• Watershed– 3D visualisation– Watershed Delineation– Management & prioritisation– Runoff estimation– Site selection for water harvesting structures

• Irrigation Water Management– System performance evaluation– Diagnostic analysis– Canal operation– Infrastructure mapping– Reservoir Operation


GIS Applications

• Flood– Damage information system– River configuration & flood control works– Risk zone mapping– Spatial flood warning system

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Irrigation Water Management

Jurisdiction MapCommand Map Base Map

Mapping



System performance evaluation & Diagnostic analysis

Performance indicators

Irrigation intensity% Crop areaCrop productivityWater use efficiencyWater distribution efficiencyProportionate crop intensity. . . . . .. . . . . .

ProblemDistributaries

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System performance evaluation

rabi crop intensity paddy transplantation

Distributary/minor-wise temporal changes during 1993, 1995 & 2002

paddy crop condition


Irrigation Water Management Change Detection

BurlaSambalpur

Bargarh

Hirakud Reservoir

Barpali

Paddy in 93 & 02

LEGEND

Paddy in 93 & 95

Paddy in 95

Paddy in 93

Paddy in 95 & 02

Paddy in 02

Paddy in 93, 95 & 02

Change in paddy cropping pattern through rabi 1993

to 2002

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Canal operation

Preparation of canal operation schedule

Command areaCanal networkCrop area & typeCrop growth stageCrop water requirement. . . . . .. . . . . .



– Canal Network– Hydraulic Control Structures– Other Structures

Infrastructure Mapping

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Canal Structures - 377Head Regulator -Fall -Road Bridge -Cart Bridge -Foot Bridge -Rail Bridge -Aqueduct -Pipe Culvert -

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Infrastructure Mapping Teesta-Mahanada Link Canal System


Canal Structures - 377Head Regulator - 3Fall -Road Bridge -Cart Bridge -Foot Bridge -Rail Bridge -Aqueduct -Pipe Culvert -

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Canal Structures - 377Head Regulator -Fall - 27Road Bridge -Cart Bridge -Foot Bridge -Rail Bridge -Aqueduct -Pipe Culvert -

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Canal Structures - 377Head Regulator -Fall -Road Bridge - 36Cart Bridge -Foot Bridge -Rail Bridge -Aqueduct -Pipe Culvert -

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Canal Structures - 377Head Regulator -Fall -Road Bridge -Cart Bridge - 171Foot Bridge -Rail Bridge -Aqueduct -Pipe Culvert -

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Canal Structures - 377Head Regulator -Fall -Road Bridge -Cart Bridge -Foot Bridge - 117Rail Bridge -Aqueduct -Pipe Culvert -

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Canal Structures - 377Head Regulator -Fall -Road Bridge -Cart Bridge -Foot Bridge -Rail Bridge - 4Aqueduct -Pipe Culvert -

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Canal Structures - 377Head Regulator -Fall -Road Bridge -Cart Bridge -Foot Bridge -Rail Bridge -Aqueduct - 11Pipe Culvert -

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Canal Structures - 377Head Regulator -Fall -Road Bridge -Cart Bridge -Foot Bridge -Rail Bridge -Aqueduct -Pipe Culvert - 7

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Infrastructure Mapping

5092.9Cart Bridge10

4289.8Cart Bridge9

3748.3Aqueduct8

3296.3Cart Bridge7

2098.1Aqueduct6

1853.4Cart Bridge5

1456.6Aqueduct4

976.4Cart Bridge3

80.6Aqueduct2

0.0Head RegulatorDNMC_Main1

Chainage (m)Structure TypeCanal NameS. No.

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Reservoir Operation

Standard FCC of 19th Jan 2007 from IRS-P6 LISS IV showing the standing rabi (2006-07) crop under the anticipated submergence area of Omkareshwar reservoir project

Status of rabi (2006-07) crop harvesting under Omkareshwar reservoir project


Irrigation Water Management Reservoir Operation

Elevation Elevation vsvs Capacity curveCapacity curve

Elevation Elevation vsvs Water spread area curveWater spread area curveHirakud Reservoir

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Base map

Land use map

Settlements

Road & Rail network

Flood inundation map

. . .

Flood

Damage information system


Crop area damaged in Marigaon district, Assam(Based on RADARSAT SAR data of 27th and 30th Jun, 2000)

<-- Crop area damaged

--- Flood inundation--- Pre-flood river course

FloodBrahmaputra River Floods - 2000

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Brahmaputra River Floods - 2000Villages affected in Marigaon district

Flood damage statistics derived fromRADARSAT SAR data of Jun, 2000

--- Flood inundation--- Pre-flood river course

District No. of villagesaffected

Area affected(Ha)

Crop areaaffected (Ha)

Dhemaji 73 5,658 3,611Sibsagar 271 10,000 7,436Jorhat 262 14,843 8,346Lakhimpur 244 22,857 16,636Marigaon 459 37,253 10,874Darrang 278 11,708 5,254Nalbari 211 6,528 3,457Goalpara 297 16,668 10,510Dhubri 647 41,511 16,425

Flood


Change of Ganga river course D/S of Farakka during 1986 through 1996

AKHRIGANJBank line of 1996

Bank line of 1986

Sand

Island

Ganga River

Flood

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AKHRIGANJBank line of 1996

Bank line of 1986

Sand

Island

Ganga River

Bank Erosion

Change of Ganga river course D/S of Farakka during 1986 through 1996

Flood


Change of Kosi river course during Feb - Dec, 1999 Flood

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Flood inundation mapOver years. . .

Risk Zone Mapping

Flood


Hazard Zone Mapping

Flood

LEGEND

1998

2000

2002

1999

2001

2003

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Factors influencing are

• Size water bodies• Direction of embankment/surplus weir• No. of u/s tanks feeding a lower tank• U/S and D/S drainage density• Proximity of water bodies to rly line• Land use / land cover• Slope gradient

Flash flood hazard due to breach of water bodies near railway lines

Flood


Digital Elevation Model

• What is DEM • Sources of DEM

– Topographic contours– Stereo imaging– Radar interferometry

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DEM Applications

• 3D visualisation• Watershed Delineation• Site selection for water harvesting structures• Spatial flood warning system


Watershed

3D visualization

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Watershed

Watershed Delineation

• Terrain Processing– DEM Reconditioning

– Fill Sinks

– Flow Direction

– Flow Accumulation

– Stream Definition

– Stream Segmentation

– Catchment Grid Delineation

– Catchment Polygon Processing

– Drainage Line Processing

– Drainage Point Processing

modifies a DEM by imposing linear features onto it

fills the sinks in a grid

computes the flow direction for a given grid

computes the flow accumulation grid that contains the accumulated number of cells upstream of a cell

computes a stream grid which contains a value of "1" for all the cells in the input flow accumulation grid that have a value greater than the given threshold

creates a grid of stream segments that have a unique identification.

creates a grid in which each cell carries a value (grid code) indicating to which catchment the cell belongs

converts a catchment grid into a catchment polygon feature

converts the input Stream Link grid into a Drainage Line feature class

allows generating the drainage points associated to the catchments


WatershedGodavari Basin Basin BoundaryDigital Elevation ModelFlow DirectionFlow AccumulationStream DefinitionStream SegmentationCatchment Grid DelineationCatchment Polygon ProcessingDrainage Line ProcessingDrainage Point ProcessingWatershed Boundary Delineation

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Watershed

Management & Prioritization

(i) Universal Soil Loss Equation

Mean Annual Soil Loss per Hectare

determined from

Rainfall Erosivity (R) Soil Erodibility (K)Slope Length (L) Degree of Slope (S)Land Cover and Land Use (C) Agricultural Practices (P)

GIS based approach spatialise these factors

in order to produce

Actual Soil Loss Map Erosion Potential MapSediment Delivery Ratio Map


Watershed

Management & Prioritization

(ii) Sediment Yield Index

Soil Map Slope MapLand Cover and Land Use Map Physiography Map

in order to produce Erosivity Map

in association with Delivery Ratio

results in Sediment Yield Index for each Hydrologic Unit0

SYI = function of (erosivity of soil, delivery ratio & area of hydrographic unit)

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Watershed

Runoff estimation

Land use / Land cover MapSoil Information Map

Runoff Coefficient MapIsohyetal Map

Unit-wise Runoff Estimation

Simulation of Effect of change in Land Cover on Runoff can also be studied


Watershed

Water harvesting structures

Location: Doon valley in U.P., India

Area: 134.55 Sq. km.

Elevation: 780 m to 2770 m

Drainage Pattern: Dendritic type

• SOI Toposheets (1:50000) 53 J/3 and 53 J/7

• Satellite derived land use map

• Soil map of the study area

• Meteorological data

• Ground truth data for land use and soils

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Watershed

Water harvesting structures - Methodology

FIELD DATA SATELLITE DATA SOI TOPO MAPS

CONTOUR MAP

DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL

SLOPE MAP

SOIL MAP

CROSSING

ANALYSIS

SITE SUITABILITY MAP

BUFFER MAP FORVILLAGE & AGRICULTURE

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

LANDUSE MAP

RUNOFF POTENTIAL MAPUSING THORNTH WAITE MODEL

HIGH RUNOFFPOTENTIAL AREA MAP

GROUND TRUTH

MET

EOR

OLI

GIC

AL

DA

TA

CL.SLOPE MAP


Watershed

Water harvesting structuresDEM Slope

ClassifiedSlope

Land use Soil texture Buffer zone

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Watershed

Water harvesting structures

Runoff potential map Proposed sites

for details [email protected]

gis applications in irrigation management

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