GIS and Cloud ComputingGIS and Cloud Computing

FlickrFlickr

Upload and manage your photos online Share your photos with your family and friends Post your photos everywhere on the web

http://www.flickr.com/tour/

....

► A new trend in information technology, moving A new trend in information technology, moving software from personal computers to the Internetsoftware from personal computers to the Internet

► Put data and software, which are used to be on Put data and software, which are used to be on personal computers, to a giant centralized personal computers, to a giant centralized computer system. This form is called cloud computer system. This form is called cloud computing. The centralized system is called a cloud computing. The centralized system is called a cloud system system

Cloud ComputingCloud Computing

You rent cloud services (e.g. photo editing, You rent cloud services (e.g. photo editing, managing, and sharing) from these systems, the managing, and sharing) from these systems, the same way as you rent textbooks from bookstoressame way as you rent textbooks from bookstores

Cloud services is the use of computer resources in Cloud services is the use of computer resources in cloud systemscloud systems

....

Power Plants Power Grids Users

► A cloud system comprises three kinds of resources:A cloud system comprises three kinds of resources:

- Software - Software

- Platform- Platform

- Infrastructure- Infrastructure

....

► Popular cloud systems include: Flickr, Google Docs, Popular cloud systems include: Flickr, Google Docs, and Amazon Cloud Drive. They perform the and Amazon Cloud Drive. They perform the functions that were traditionally done with software functions that were traditionally done with software installed on personal computersinstalled on personal computers

....

Google DocsGoogle Docs

A cloud-based online office

Allow you to create, edit, and share documents online using web browsers, iPads or even smart phones

https://docs.google.com/demo/edit?id=scAAVln2yf3it2VCiVf-DUzGg&dt=document#document

Amazon Cloud DriveAmazon Cloud Drive

https://www.amazon.com/clouddrive

Amazon Cloud Drive is an personal hard drive in a cloud system

Store music, videos, photos, and documents on Amazon's servers

SiriSiri

http://www.apple.com/iphone/features/siri.html

A personal assistant app comes with iPhone 4S. You can use your voice to send messages, schedule meetings and place phone calls

....

http://www.apple.com/iphone/features/siri.html

Cloud Servers Cloud Servers

Voice

Digital file

Instructions

Voice

The term "cloud" is used as a metaphor for the The term "cloud" is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the cloud drawing used in the Internet, based on the cloud drawing used in the past to represent the telephone networkpast to represent the telephone network

http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=707508http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=707508

History of Cloud ComputingHistory of Cloud Computing

The concept of cloud computing dates back to The concept of cloud computing dates back to 1961, when Prof. John MacCarthy predicted that 1961, when Prof. John MacCarthy predicted that “computation may someday be organized as a “computation may someday be organized as a public utility.”public utility.”

http://www.complush.com/internet-network-connection/http://www.complush.com/internet-network-connection/

In 1991, Salesforce.com, one of the first movers in In 1991, Salesforce.com, one of the first movers in cloud computing, introduced the concept of cloud computing, introduced the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple delivering enterprise applications via a simple websitewebsite

....

In 2002, Amazon Web Service was launched In 2002, Amazon Web Service was launched

Google brought cloud computing to the forefront Google brought cloud computing to the forefront of public consciousness by introducing Google of public consciousness by introducing Google Docs in 2006Docs in 2006

http://www.cloudtweaks.com/2011/02/a-history-of-cloud-computing/http://www.cloudtweaks.com/2011/02/a-history-of-cloud-computing/

....

► In the following years, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle and a In the following years, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle and a host of companies joined cloud computinghost of companies joined cloud computing

....

http://eatenbylinux.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/cloud-computing-providers.jpg

Software as a Service (SaaS)Software as a Service (SaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS)Platform as a Service (PaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Cloud Computing ModelsCloud Computing Models

Software as a Service (SaS)Software as a Service (SaS)

As long as Internet access is available, users can As long as Internet access is available, users can connect to the cloud service providers and use connect to the cloud service providers and use the software available on their servers, instead of the software available on their servers, instead of installing and running the software on your own installing and running the software on your own computers. computers.

Examples: Flickr, Google Docs, Siri, Amazon Cloud Examples: Flickr, Google Docs, Siri, Amazon Cloud Drive…Drive…

....

► Platform as a Service (PaaS)Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS provides application developers with a PaaS provides application developers with a developing environment, with which they can developing environment, with which they can develop and host cloud applicationsdevelop and host cloud applications

PaaS includes software and hardware to build PaaS includes software and hardware to build and sustain cloud applications so that and sustain cloud applications so that developers can build and host applications developers can build and host applications without worrying about the costs and without worrying about the costs and complexity of buying and maintaining software complexity of buying and maintaining software and hardwareand hardware

Examples: Google App Engine, Amazon Web Examples: Google App Engine, Amazon Web ServicesServices

....

► Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Cloud servicesCloud services offer clients with storage space, offer clients with storage space, networking equipment and other computing networking equipment and other computing resources. Clients are billed for the amount of resources. Clients are billed for the amount of resources they consumed resources they consumed

Developers and IT organizations do not need to Developers and IT organizations do not need to purchase expensive computers and equipment, purchase expensive computers and equipment, but buy computer infrastructure like utilities but buy computer infrastructure like utilities from cloud service providers (“pay as you go”)from cloud service providers (“pay as you go”)

Example: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)Example: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)

....

Multi-tenancyMulti-tenancy

Resources in cloud systems can be shared among a Resources in cloud systems can be shared among a large large

number of usersnumber of users

Improve the efficiency of cloud systems and save Improve the efficiency of cloud systems and save cost for cloud service providers cost for cloud service providers

Characteristics of Cloud Characteristics of Cloud ComputingComputing

► ScalabilityScalability

Even when the total work load for a cloud system Even when the total work load for a cloud system increases dramatically, the system could increases dramatically, the system could improve its capacity by adding more hardware to improve its capacity by adding more hardware to handle the increased load effectivelyhandle the increased load effectively

....

► ElasticityElasticity

A cloud system only delivers the minimum amount A cloud system only delivers the minimum amount of computing resources that meet users’ need. of computing resources that meet users’ need. The amount of resources provided to users The amount of resources provided to users increase when they need more, and decrease increase when they need more, and decrease when they need less. Users only pay for when they need less. Users only pay for whatever they consumedwhatever they consumed

....

Device independentDevice independent

Users can utilize cloud services using whatever Users can utilize cloud services using whatever device they have, should it be a laptop, an iPad or device they have, should it be a laptop, an iPad or a smartphone, as long as they have access to the a smartphone, as long as they have access to the InternetInternet

....

....

ReliabilityReliability

Multiple redundant sites are used in cloud Multiple redundant sites are used in cloud systems. There are always backups available systems. There are always backups available when one or more sites are downwhen one or more sites are down

....

► Security and PrivacySecurity and Privacy

Hackers and malicious insiders may hack into Hackers and malicious insiders may hack into users’ cloud accounts and access sensitive data users’ cloud accounts and access sensitive data stored in cloud systemsstored in cloud systems

Companies hosting cloud services have full control Companies hosting cloud services have full control on users’ data. They may intentionally collect on users’ data. They may intentionally collect personal information, such as age, interest, and personal information, such as age, interest, and income. These information can be used for income. These information can be used for personalized adspersonalized ads

Issues in Cloud ComputingIssues in Cloud Computing

► You create a beautiful map using ArcGIS and would You create a beautiful map using ArcGIS and would like to share it with your friendslike to share it with your friends

► You can definitely send it via email if the size of the You can definitely send it via email if the size of the map is small. What if your map file is 600MB, which map is small. What if your map file is 600MB, which is too large to send via email?is too large to send via email?

► Even if your friends get your map, do they have Even if your friends get your map, do they have access to ArcGIS to display a shape file?access to ArcGIS to display a shape file?

► What are you going to do?What are you going to do?

GIS and Cloud Computing GIS and Cloud Computing

How about using GIS services in cloud systems?How about using GIS services in cloud systems?

ArcGIS online (arcgis.com). Create or upload your ArcGIS online (arcgis.com). Create or upload your map to ArcGIS online and share it with your friends map to ArcGIS online and share it with your friends with a few simple clicks.with a few simple clicks.

....

Problems in GISProblems in GISData intensive. The size of GIS files tends to be Data intensive. The size of GIS files tends to be

large. A single file can be hundreds of MB or morelarge. A single file can be hundreds of MB or more

Computation intensive. Spatial analysis, such as Computation intensive. Spatial analysis, such as buffer and network analysis, may take an buffer and network analysis, may take an extensive amount of timeextensive amount of time

GIS software is mostly expensive. Individual users GIS software is mostly expensive. Individual users and small organizations can not afford and small organizations can not afford commercial GIS softwarecommercial GIS software

Why Cloud GIS?Why Cloud GIS?

► GIS in cloud systemsGIS in cloud systems

Anything that needs a large storage space or high Anything that needs a large storage space or high performance computing can be handled easily by performance computing can be handled easily by cloud systemscloud systems

Users only pay a small amount of money for GIS Users only pay a small amount of money for GIS services in cloud systemsservices in cloud systems

....

Google MapsGoogle Maps

Powered by a cloud system, Google maps allow users Powered by a cloud system, Google maps allow users to perform a list of tasks, such as exploring maps, to perform a list of tasks, such as exploring maps, finding places, getting directions and more. All finding places, getting directions and more. All these could be done with a web browserthese could be done with a web browser

Example ApplicationsExample Applications

http://maps.google.com/

► ArcGIS MobileArcGIS Mobile

Extend ArcGIS to iPads and iPhonesExtend ArcGIS to iPads and iPhones

Access GIS data on mobile devicesAccess GIS data on mobile devices

Collect and edit GIS data on using GPS in mobile Collect and edit GIS data on using GPS in mobile devicesdevices

....

http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/arcgis-for-mobile.pdf

1. Education or vision of spatial Cloud computing 1. Education or vision of spatial Cloud computing

2. Cloud computing tools, methods, technologies, 2. Cloud computing tools, methods, technologies, and applicationsand applications

3. GeoCloud and related efforts3. GeoCloud and related efforts

4. Cloud platform/cloud services, such as Amazon 4. Cloud platform/cloud services, such as Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure, and Google App Engine, related EC2, Microsoft Azure, and Google App Engine, related research and development research and development

Research Topics in Cloud GISResearch Topics in Cloud GIS

5. Examples of deploying geospatial applications 5. Examples of deploying geospatial applications onto Cloud platformsonto Cloud platforms

6. Studies of how to ensure and utilize the capacity of 6. Studies of how to ensure and utilize the capacity of spatial cloud computingspatial cloud computing

7. Communication and performance analysis of Cloud 7. Communication and performance analysis of Cloud computingcomputing

8. Assessment of the types of problems amenable to 8. Assessment of the types of problems amenable to spatial Cloud computingspatial Cloud computing

....