gioi luat nhin theo phat giao tay tang - con tiep- tt thich nhat chan dich - con tiep

8/3/2019 Gioi Luat Nhin Theo Phat Giao Tay Tang - Con Tiep- TT Thich Nhat Chan Dich - Con Tiep

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GII LUT NHN THEO PHT GIO TY TNG

TT.Thch Nht Chn---o0o---Ngun

http://thuvienhoasen.orgChuyn sang ebook 11-7-2009

Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin [email protected] Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org

Mc LcCHNG I - Bit Gii Thot Gii (Pratimoksa)CHNG II - Gii Lut v Gii TngCHNG III - Bit Gii Thot GiiCHNG IV - Karma v s Tch Tp Cng cCHNG V - Cc Pratimoksa Ngoi, Trong, v B MtCHNG VI - Chn phng din ca 1 bc thnh

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CHNG I - Bit Gii Thot Gii (Pratimoksa)

c Pht thuyt 3 loi gio php. Gio php th nht thuc v gio l TDiu c Ngi thuyt ging ti Ba La Ni (Sarnath), n v trthnh c s nn tng cho trng phi Thng Ta B (Theravadin). Gio

php th hai thuc h Tnh Khng c Ngi thuyt ti Linh Thu(Rajagriha) v tr thnh c s cho i Tha Pht gio. Gio php th ba

thuc h Kim Cng Tha (vajrayana) c Pht ni ra nhiu a imkhc nhau. Ba La Mc Xoa (pratimoksa) (Thc ra c n tm loi giiba la mc xoa (pratimoksa). Cc tu s mi th gii c tc l th t khu(bhiksu) gii, v bn ni l th t khu ni (bhiksuni) gii, khong trn mytrm gii. K n l gii cho cc tng mi xut gia (sramanera) v cc nimi xut gia (sramanerika) v cc ni trong giai on "tu hc" (siksamana).K n l nm gii dnh cho cc c s nam (upasaka) v cc c s n
http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Thuyet%20Phap/Gioi%20Luat/http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Thuyet%20Phap/Gioi%20Luat/


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chng hn nh, tht ca mt con yak (tru) cho mt v tng dng trongmt nm. Li na, n rau c, ngi ta c th git nhiu hu tnh hn l nmt con yak trong cng vic trng trt cc loi hoa mu. V th cc panditav cc siddha ca Ty Tng quyt nh rng th n mt con yak vn tt hnl git qu nhiu sinh vt nh v nh th vn gi c gii mt cch thchng. Bng cch ch n loi vt ln, th khng nhng Ba la mc xoa gii,m c B tm gii (B tm gii s gii thch cn k phn sau l tmnguyn cu gip tt c hu tnh t n gic ng) v Kim cng tha gii(Kim cng gii cng s c gii thch chi tit hn trong cc on sau ltr gi tt c cc tm nguyn v thc hnh) cng u gi c. Ti cng tinrng mnh nn ngng khng n tht cc loi th nh na m ch n tht cccon th ln thi. Tuy nhin, iu y khng c ngha rng tu s Ty Tng lnhng ngi tr gii ton ho.

Tu s Ty tng p y mu nu sm trong khi tu s Thng Ta B mc muvng v tu s Trung Hoa mc mu en. c Pht ch cc tu s th c mccc y , vng hay xanh l vi mu nu sm khng c c Pht cho php.Th nn cc tu s Pht gio i tha v Thng Ta B khng dng y munu sm. Tuy nhin, cc pandita v cc siddha Ty Tng bc b mu xanh l

bi v l mu ca c s mc v chn ly mu nu sm th vo. (TheoKhenpo Kartha, mu nu sm hu nh khng sn c n , th nn rt tgi i vi vic y o ca mt tu s. Cng theo Khenpo Kartha mu nu smli c rt nhiu Ty Tng v v th khng h t v d c c.)

Vo thi c Pht, cc tu s n khng mc kiu o ngoi nh cc tu sTy Tng hin ang mc v trn phn thn trn. Khi cc pandita n n Ty Tng, cc ngi thy ni y qu lnh nn h phi sut ngy p ccchn mn dng khi ngi. Th nn kiu o ngoi c cp pi theo v sau kiu o c thay i biu tng cho su Ba la mt (paramita). Rikiu o ny tr thnh ng phc ca tu s Ty Tng.

Gi y chng ta t M, v cc tng ni th c tc ang ng o dn. Titin rng trong x hi hin i, i ra ngoi kht thc khng thch hp na,

nhng n ung theo l li ca tu s Ty Tng s thch hp hn, nh n nvo chiu ti.

Hi : Rinpoche, phng Ty, chng ti thng c quan nim rng mtcon vt nh con ch hay con b th qu hn l mt con su hay con kin.


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Rinpoche : Theo truyn thng Pht gio, bt c g c s sng l c cmgic. Th nn chng c g khc bit d l vt nh hay ln. Tuy nhin, gitmt con ngi b coi l mt nghip rt c, bi v con ngi c th t nmt cu cnh cao c hn v c ch li cho nhng hu tnh khc. Song khngc g khc bit gia ch, su v b.

Hi : Mt trong nhng mu thun m chng ti gp phi i vi cc bnb khng phi Pht gio, l h ni rng chng ta khng git nhngchng ta n tht. Chng ti tr li phi, nhng l qua n "tay th ba"ri. Nhng ni th vn khng gip h hiu ni. Ngi c th ni i chtv vic tht m qua n "ba tay" ri chng ?

Rinpoche : c Pht ch nh rng chng ta c th n tht nu chng tatrnh khi ba trng hp thc nh sau, rng (a) mnh khng trc tip git

con vt y n, (b) mnh khng bo ngi khc git con vt y cho mnhn, v (c) con vt y hon ton khng phi l b ngi khc git cho mnhn. Nu chng ta khng h trong ba trng hp nhn thc nh vy, th thty n c.

Hi : vng ny c nhiu ngi nh c vn dn a phng, h nhc sinh sng v a c li cho chng ti, c khi do chng ti t mcng c khi nh qu cp cho chng ti. Ti khng bit lm sao thng c cc trng hp ny.

Rinpoche : ng c ni, "Lm n em c li cho ti" na. Nhng nu hem c n biu tng, th iu u c sao.

Hi : Chng ta c nn mua c ngoi bn hay khng ?

Rinpoche : c, v lc y mnh mua mt con c cht m. Khi c chtri, th hoc mnh mua hay h tng mnh, cng ging nhau thi.

Hi : Nu mi ngi khng ai mua c na, h s khng git c na.

Rinpoche : Cho d Pht t chng ta khng n c na, th vn c khi ngikhc vn c n c.

Hi : Nhng vi gii khng st th sao ?

Rinpoche : n tht v gi gii khng st hon ton khc hn nhau bi vchng ta khng t tay git c, chng ta mua n t ni ngi khc. Nu


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chng ta ngng khng git th vt n na, th l mt vic lm ch licho loi vt. Tuy nhin, nu c mt con vt b git ri, th khng n ncng chng gip g cho con vt cht y v tht y s thi ra m thi.

Hi : Nhng n vn lun a n ngh rng con vt s b git. Thc ra, l hnh ng c c a sang cho ngi khc mnh c thanhtnh. Nu chng ta l mt bodhisattva tt, chng ta nn chnh mnh nhnlnh ly thay v l a sang cho ngi khc.

Rinpoche : Chng ta phi gnh chu ly karma ca chnh mnh. iu quantrng nht l ngn chn mnh ng lm cc c nghip. iu cng tt na lmnh khuyn ngi khc ng lm c. Nhng phn nhiu u ty thuc voc nhn. Chng hn, ti c ln phm mt li lm ging vy. Ti thy cmng li nhn trong phng tm v ngh rng con nhn s git nhiu loi

cn trng khc. Th nn ti ly ngn tay g mng nhn i con nhn khic c n. ng ra ca ti l bo v cho cc cn trng nh m connhn s git n, nhng ngc li con nhn li b tn hi v n khng cc n v thnh cht i.

Hi : Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche ngh rng chng ti hy c lnhng ngi n chay ng ngha Gampo Abbey ny, c ngha l chngti cn phi c mt khu vn. Th nn chng ti phi git su b nuchng ti mun c c c rt cng ti v khoai ty.

Rinpoche : iu quan trng nht l nh trong tm. V chng ta c nhtrong tm l khng git hi hu tnh, nn d chng ta c o t trng rau,th iu y cng khng c hi g. iu quan trng theo nh Vinaya l khngc git.

Hi : Gi nh Boulder, Colorado c mt ngn Pht t v mi ngimi tun n mt con g: th con s s l 52.000 con g trong mt nm. Vv mi th u c in ton ha, cc nh sn xut bit ngay l h s

phi nui thm 52.000 con g v h bit l ngi ta s n chng. Nungi Pht t khng n g, h s khng nui s g y.

Rinpoche : Nu hm nay ta mua khong tm trm con c ch, ngy mai sc tm trm con c mi c th vo. Hnh ng no cng l karma ca h,khng phi ca chng ta. Nhng t quan im ca ring ca mnh th c thc ci nn tng y, nhng khng h c hay c nh trong tm nh th.

Nh th mnh c th c n tht, nhng mnh khng h c git con vt.Bi v c bn duyn st u khng hi , nn khng phi l phm gii.


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Hi : Cn nh ci nh thit thc c cn ngi khng st th sao ? Nu1.000 ngi Pht t khng n g na, th h s thc s c c c hi cn nhng ngi nui g khi phi git. H khng kim ra tin, nn hkhng git chng lm chi.

Rinpoche : ci ny chng ta khng th bo k khc ng git. Chng hn,trong cc i dng bit bao loi c nh b c ln git hi? iu quan trngvi chnh chng ta l ng git, v bng cch chng ta c th ngng stsinh. Nhng khng th bo ngi khc c.

Hi : Ti Gampo Abbey mi ngi th nm gii mi ngy. Nu nhchng ta th gii khng st ny theo nh nghi thc trong khi bit rng ltna trong ngy y chng ta s nhn mt ci xng vo rt nhiu con suhoc bt c con g. Vy th c khc g chng nu tm nguyn ca chng

ta y ch l c c n ? V c khc g chng nu nh gii yc th nhn hay khng nhn theo nh nghi thc ?

Rinpoche : Rt nn th nhn ly gii ny ngay d chng ta c th git cntrng trong lc lm vic. Bi v do chng ta c nh trong tm l khnggit chng, th nn chng ta s khng h git mt cch c .

Hi : Chng ta thng hay phi quyt nh rng trng hp no c lihn. Trong x hi hin i ngi ta thng quyt nh git mt s th vt a li nhng li ch ln hn, chng hn, s chn ng bnh st rt

m vn do mui truyn i. Cch thc duy nht chn ng cn bnh strt ny l git mui.

Rinpoche : Ti cho rng nu chng ta c mt tm nguyn thanh tnh v lich cho nhng ngi khc th c git cn trng cng khng sao. Nu chngta do tham danh tham tin m i git mui vi tm y, th, d nhin, liu c.

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CHNG II - Gii Lut v Gii Tng

Sut thi gian tr v ca v vua php u tin ca Ty Tng Songtsen Gampo(617-698 C.E.), s thc hnh gio l Pht gio c a n vi ngi c sv khong bn th k sau s thc hnh trong cc tu vin tng s cthnh lp. Tuy nhin, M s thc hnh cho c s v cho cc tu vin cthnh lp cng mt lc (vo cc nm 1970) trong vng mt th h. Ty


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Tng cc ngi tu ti gia tc di v mc trng cn cc tng s th mcy nu sm v vng. Sau di triu vua Langdarma (tr v 901-906 C.E.),gio php ca c Pht b n p bng cch loi tr ht mi ngi xut gia,nhng cc ngi tu ti gia vn c th tu tr theo gio l. l l do ti saongi tu ti gia rt c coi trng trong truyn thng Ty Tng.

Th c tc gii a li cho tng ni c nhiu c hi tu tp v hc hi nhmgip h c c mt i sng an lc. Ci gii lut (sila) ny, ngha nm nal "mt". Mt l iu ht sc quan trng n v l mt x rt nng.c Pht v i sng ca ngi ti gia nh mt hm la, bi tm h lun bdy v bi mi vn th tc v h khng ngt dnh vo bit bao cchot ng bn rn. Trong khi i sng ca tng ni ging nh trong cn nhmt, v h khng c cc lo u th tc nh con ci, v chng, hay cc s huth gian phi lo toan. S sng ca ngi ti gia c v nh thch th hn v

h c ca ht, nhy ma th, nhng thc ra i sng tu vin an lc vhi ha hn nhiu. Cc th vui v th hng ca cuc sng ti gia khng cthc cht v cn bn l kh au. Th nn ti sao, sau khi th gii, s cnhiu c hi v thi gian tu tp v thin nh cho thch ng. Sau khi thgii, ngi ta c th cm thy b t tng bi mnh khng c lm ci nylm ci kia, nhng thc ra, do v chng ta b c nhng g cn phi b,chng ta thy mnh thoi mi hn trong mt tnh trng gin d v nh nhnghn.

C bn gii tng m cc v tng ni phi th nhn.

Gii th nht l khng c trm cp. Chng ta c th cho rng nu lyc vt g m ch nhn khng h hay bit tc chng ta s c vt y mkhi phi tn tin. Chng ta c th thnh cng ln u tin chng ta trm mkhng b pht gic hoc chng ta c th b bt ti trn. Nu chng ta thnhcng, tm chng ta s khng hi lng v chng ta s mun na v na v trthnh thi quen trm cp. Tuy nhin, nu chng ta pht nguyn trc thymnh hay trc tng ca c Pht, k t gi tr i khng n trm na,chng ta s khng s bt c ngi no khc. Vn ca chng ta c gii

quyt v chng ta cm thy mnh c nhiu t do hn.Gii th hai l khng dm dc. Mt chng trai li mt chic xe hi pvi c bn gi k bn c th l nhng giy pht rt thch th, nhng bntrong c th chng ta khng ngt lo u l mnh s lm iu g khin cgi kia bun, khin c ta gin hn, hoc chng lm sao m c ta khnghnh phc na. V th nu chng v nng c lin h tt vi nhau, n s c


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vn ; nu hai bn lin h khng tt p th n li c vn mt cch khc.Nhng nu chng ta pht nguyn khng dm dc, th ngay sau tr i,chng ta s thot khi mi kiu kh au c khng ngt lo lng v lin hnam n nh th.

Gii th ba l khng st sinh. Nu chng ta cha th gii, chng ta c thgii quyt vn bng cch git k th v b trn. Nhng thn quyn v

bng hu ca k th s li tr thnh k th ca chng ta tng thm chovn . Cng vy, chng ta c th khng th gii khng st ny ch v chngta tin rng tnh trng ny s khng bao gi xy ra. M ngy no tnh trngny c th s xy n. Th nn, nu chng ta th gii khng git, chng ta sthot c hon ton nim au kh do cc vn y gy ra.

Gii th t l khng ni di. Ngi ta cho rng ngi ta c th trnh thot

cc vn bng cch ni di, nhng khng phi vy. Sakya Pandita c nirng bng cch ni lo, chng ta c th c mun la di k khc, nhngthc ra, li l chng ta t la di mnh thi. Nu mnh mt phen nilo, th sau ngi ta s khng tin mnh na d mnh ni s tht. Nu mnhni lo vi k th hay vi ngi m mnh khng tin tng, th ri ngi ys dt khot khng tin mnh na. Nu mnh ni lo vi ngi m mnh clin h tt, th t tr i h s mt tin tng vo mnh v s lin h s btan v. V th ngay khi khi s ni lo chng ta s tr thnh nh mt mvang v khng ai tin mnh na.

Bn duyn

Theo nh gio l ca c Pht, nu chng ta tun hnh theo cc gii khngtrm, khng st, khng dm, v khng vng, thi i sng chng ta s rthi ha v "mt m" vi cc gii lut ny.

Vi mi gii trong bn gii ny cn phi c bn duyn hi trc khi giiy thc s b phm. Bn duyn ny l : cnh, tng, hng phng tin, vthnh cu cnh. Nu chng ta th gii khng trm cp, th "cnh" l nhngg thuc v ngi khc v c ch cho h. Nu chng ta ly nhng g khngng gi nh cy kim, si dy ca ai , th iu ny khng hi lm. Duynth hai l "tng" (tc nh trong tm). Nu chng ta c tm xu v bitrng cc vt ny thuc v ngi khc v mun trm chng, th nh th lthnh n trm. Tuy nhin, nu chng ta khng c trm, nh ly lm cangi khc hay ly cc ca bn b bit r l bn khng h phn i, th khng phi l nghip xu. Duyn th ba l "khi phng tin". Ch mi


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c nh trm cp cha phi l ti. Nhng tip theo nh y bng mthnh ng trm th dt khot l mt nghip c. Duyn th t l "thnhcu cnh". Nu, chng hn nh, chng ta c nh trm vt c ch song vqu bnh n ni khng ly c g ht, thi khng phi l mt nghip ca n mt karma c.

i vi nhng ai th c v lnh cc gii tng ri, th cnh ca giikhng st l con ngi. Tuy nhin, i vi nhng ai cha th c nhng th lnh gii tng, th cnh l bt c g c tm thc. Duyn th hai "tng"rt quan trng trong khi chng ta trng trt, chng ta c th s git nhiusu b. Hoc chng ta c th nm mt hn t nh i m v tnh c thlm thit mng mt con vt. Duyn th ba l "khi phng tin". Cho dchng ta c nh git mt con ngi hay mt hu tnh song bao gi mhnh ng y cha c tin hnh, th gii khng b phm. Duyn th t l

"thnh cu cnh". D chng ta c git ngi v khi phng tin git, nhng ngi kia khng cht, thi khng c ti st chi ht.

Chnh c Pht ni rng c bn duyn ny cn phi hi thnh cti cn bn. Th nn nu bn duyn y hi i vi mt gii no , thgii y b phm, nhng nu bn duyn khng hi , th gii khng b

phm.

Hi : Ngi ni rng cnh ca st l nhng g c tm thc. Ngi c th nithm na v cc hu tnh hoc cc dng loi cao hn c chng ?

Rinpoche :Nu chng ta ct hay hu cc hoa l, rau c, chng s cht bi vchng c s sng, nhng chng khng c cm gic hay tm thc. Th nntm thc l ni cho sc vt v su b hoc bt c g c cm gic. Theo khoahc, ta c th phn bit cc sc thi khc nhau v hu tnh v v tnh, nhngring ti th phn bit hu tnh v v tnh theo nh gio l ca c Pht.

Hi : Tha Rinpoche, c l ti hiu sai nhng g ngi ni khi ngi ni vcnh. Ngi phn bit cnh thnh khc nhau gia hoc chng ta l mtngi th c tc v hoc chng ta ch th gii ti gia. Ti mi cho rngcnh i vi ngi th c tc l mt tnh trng hn hp hn, nhng hnhnh n li l ngc li.

Rinpoche : khng phi l mt s hiu sai, nhng ngi th c tc nhn ly tm nguyn khng git ngi. Nu h git cn trng hay cc convt nh, th l mt ti li, d nhin, nhng khng phi l mt s phmgii thuc thin ti ba dt (parajika) ca cc v tu s th c. Nhng


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trng hp nhng ngi th gii ti gia, chng hn nh cc u b tc(upasaka), th v h pht nguyn khng git bt c chng sinh no, nnnu h git mt con cn trng hay con vt nh, l h thnh phm gii. Khiti ni th c l ti mun ni th gii T khu (gelong). Cc v tn xut giav cc v th c u c cng mt tm nguyn nh vy.

Hi : Tha Rinpoche, trong tng on (sangha) ca chng ta, vic ungru v cc lin h i dc rt l lan rng, i khi a n tnh trng hnlon bi v mi ngi khng bit i x lm sao cho ng i vi cc vicny. Nu chng ta th gii l mt ngi tu tp ti gia, th c th chngta l ngi duy nht trong tng on lm nh th v iu y rt kh mkin tr c.

Rinpoche : Nu chng ta th gii, th rt tt; nhng ngay d khng th gii,

chng ta vn c th tu tp gii. Vn y l vn nh trong tmmnh. Trong Tc Sinh Truyn (Jataka), cc truyn k v cc i trc cac Pht, c mt cu truyn khi c Pht l mt thuyn trng ca mt contu vi nm trm thy th. Tn ca Ngi vo lc y l "i m". C mtk rt c c y nh git ht c nm trm hnh khch trn tu bng cch ctu thng mt l. i m thy ngi kia sp c thng tu v ngh rng l mt ti li ln ca k kia i git nm trm ngi nh vy. i m ngh,"Nu ta git k c ny, thi s cu c mng ca nm trm ngi kia vcng cn c k c kia khi ri vo a ngc". Th nn i m git kkia bng cch dng ba p vo u hn. Th nn git mt k c c tm

khng phi l mt ti li ca i m, ng hn li l mt hnh ng phcc. l l do ti sao nh trong tm rt quan trng. Tr li vn ruv i dc m anh ni l mu thun vi s tu tp php (dharma). Da trn cchnh ng ny, nhiu ngi s cng n v c thi i vi vic tutp php. Ti cho rng ru v dm dc khng phi l iu xu cho ngiti gia. Tuy nhin, i vi cc tng ni th gii, th vn li khc hn.

Hi : Rinpoche, trong vn ha Ty phng c mt khi nim v "ni lotrng" (white lie) ngha l, i khi mnh lo l v ngi. Chng hn nh

chng ta c th ni vi m mnh mt iu g hon ton khng ngtht ch v chng ta khng mun lm b bun lng.

Rinpoche : Ni lo trng y khng h xu v chng ta ni n vi mt nhtt trong tm.

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CHNG III - Bit Gii Thot Gii

Ch Ty Tng ni "bit gii thot gii" l so sor tharpa dompa hoc theoPhn ng l Pratimoksa. Ch pratimoksa hon ton ng ngha vi ch chcho gii lut (sila) m chng ta ni n ri. S gii thot tm thi cngha l gii thot khi cc kh au v phin toi trong i sng hng ngy.Cn cu cnh gii thot l cu cnh thot khi kh au ca lun hi(samsara). Ch Ty Tng so sor hay prati ca Phn ng c ngha l "cnhn" hay "ring t". Th d nh nu chng ta gi gii khng st, th cnhn chng ta s thot khi mi hu qu xu do nghip st mang li. Nuchng ta nguyn th gii khng trm v khng trm, th chng ta s thotkhi cc nguyn nhn au kh n t trm cp. C th, c gi ht mi gii,chng ta s thot khi mi kh au. Bn cht ca Pratimoksa gii cn bn lkhng lm hi ngi khc d trc tip hay gin tip. Nguyn nhn trc tip

gy tn hi l git hoc n trm. Mt in hnh cho nguyn nhn gin tip lca ht nhy nht, cc iu ny khng c nhng kt qu tai hi trc tip, songdn d n s a ti nhng tai hi. Th nn bn cht ca pratimoksa l la bnhng nguyn nhn hng u trc tip hi ngi khc ln cc nguyn nhn

ph th gin tip gy tai hi.

Khi chng ta nguyn th pratimoksa, th nguyn trong tm chng ta c thbt tnh v nguyn y cn phi c la b. C hai loi nguyn bt tnh.Mt l chng ta c th c nhng mong cu cc li dng nht thi c cdo th gii hoc chng ta mong mun mnh khi b cc trng hp bt linh bnh tt. Hai l chng ta c th mong c ngi khc cung knh tntrng hoc nhm trn trnh cc lut php nh vo s th gii ny.

nguyn th gii cng c hai loi. Loi th nht khng phi l nguynvo lc th gii pratimoksa, m l s tu tp Bodhicitta (B tm) v li chcho tt c chng sinh. Loi th hai l c nguyn tn dit tt c mi kh autrong i ny cng nh trong cc i tng lai. Gii lut ging nh vinngc nh bo chu. nu chng ta coi gii lut nh mt nguyn nhn cli lc tm thi, th pratimoksa gii s mang li cho chng ta nhng nh

nhm tm thi khi au kh. Nu chng ta la b ci tm tng li lc tmthi y v nhn pratimoksa gii nh l nguyn nhn tn dit kh au, thri ra n s tr thnh nguyn nhn cho chng ta cui cng thot khisamsara.

Khi chng ta nguyn th tm nguyn gii Pratimoksa chng ta theo gngcc v A La Hn (Arhat) trong qu kh v chng ta pht nguyn rng chng


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ta s theo con ng ca cc ngi ng ht khng khc. Trc ht chng tac nguyn th gii, ri chng ta th tm nguyn gii, v cui cng chngta phi gi cc gii tng. Chng ta pht nguyn nh sau :

ng nh ch A la hn trong qu kh th tr cc gii khng st, khng trm,khng dm, khng ni lo, khng ung ru v.v... cng vy con nay cng sth tr cc gii y.

Ch A la hn trong qu kh la b mi tm nim lm tn hi hu tnh khcv la b cc nguyn nhn lm tn hi hu tnh khc. Sau khi la b mi th

phi la b v sau khi chng tri mi th cn chng tri, cui cng cc ngichng c A la hn qu. Con nay cng vy v nguyn tu o nh ch A lahn tu.

Vo lc th tm nguyn pratimoksa chng ta cn phi c y mu vng(chogo), bt, v mt ci lc nc. Mc tiu phi c ba th ny l khilm tn hi hu tnh khc. Nc c dng ung hay ty ra cn phic lc qua ci lc nc khi lm tn hi cc sinh vt hay cn trng nhm c th c trong nc.

gi trn cc tm nguyn gii, chng ta phi lun lun nim v qun stv chng ta phi lun la b nhng g cn c la b. Nu cc phn no ca tm nguyn gii (th th) b xm hi, th s xm hi ny khng c bmc m cn phi c sa i li. c Pht dy l chng ta phi ht sc

coi trng gii lut m chng ta th, chng ta phi trn qu gn gi giilut. Gi gii lut c ngha l nim v qun lin tc v sa cha lp tc khicc tm nguyn y b vi phm. c Pht dy rng gi cc tm nguync thanh tnh, chng ta t nht cn phi c hai duyn ny. Nu chng tac c hoc mt trong hai duyn y, th chng ta c th tng trng giilut m chng ta th v chng c nhng g cn phi chng v t n quv A la hn. Nu chng ta khng c duyn no ht, th chng ta khng thtng trng c gii lut chng ta th v khng sao t n mc tiu cucnh.

S lu truyn pratimoksa Ty tng vn l t truyn thngMulasarvastivadin (Cn Bn Thuyt Nht Thit Hu) m ra. Theo cc nhMulasarvastivadin ny, th cc tm nguyn gii ca ngi xut gia th c,ca cc tn xut gia v ca c s ti gia gm hai loi; loi hu biu thyc v loi v biu khng thy c. Vo lc khi tm nguyn gii (giith), c th np, th l thuc v loi hu biu thy c v ngi khc


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c th thy r chng ta ang th gii. T tr i, n tr thnh loi v biukhng thy c, bi ngi khc khng thy c chng ta la b, chnghn nh, nghip st ri. Cc nghip khng st, khng trm, khng dm lcc nghip thin thuc v thn trong khi khng vng l nghip thin thucv khu. Chng ta c th gi gii trc tip hay thc r rng, hoc gin tipnh vo lc n hay ng, bi v chng ta c cc tm nguyn gii nimnh ri.

Hi : Ngi ni v s gi gii vi nim v qun v k n l nu chng taphm gii, chng ta phi sa i li. Nhng ti thy dng nh nim vqun cn c l chng ta nhn ra rng chng ta phm gii.

Rinpoche : V pratimoksa l nguyn gii hu biu, nn vic phm gii s tthy r. Chng hn chng ta c th ni lo sut mt khong thi gian m

khng h nim hay qun thy, nhng ri sau , khi nh li, chng ta mingh ", mnh ni di ri".

Hi : Mnh phi b p li nh th no khi gii b phm ?

Rinpoche : Mnh phi b p li bng cch pht l vo thi gian b ttsojong c thc hnh mi thng 2 ln.

Hi : Nguyn gii dng nh to thnh mt nguyn nhn ph ca giithot bi v, chng ta khng th no thc s l thanh tnh ch bng thi

i x bn ngoi, m cn phi thanh tnh bng thin nh. Ti thydng nh l nguyn gii t n khng gii thot c.

Rinpoche : Anh ng khi ni l chng ta cn phi thin nh, thin nh rtquan trng, d nhin. Chng ta khng th t c gic ng nu ch c giim khng c thin. Tuy nhin, mt ngi c gii thanh tnh v gi giimnh th, s khng bao gi gii i c; ngi y s lun ra sc tu tp. Thnn vi gii thanh tnh, chng ta c c nng lc thin nh. l l doti sao gii lut c nng lc l vy.

Hi : Th no l s khc bit gia cc nguyn gii pratimoksa v ccnguyn gii bodhisattva ?

Rinpoche : Cc nguyn gii pratimoksa lun lun c ni ra theo dngthc ph nh (ch tr), ni cch khc l, "ti nguyn khng st, ti nguynkhng ni lo v.v..." V c ni ln theo cch y, nn bao gi cng rt rrng thy cc gii y c c gi hay khng v bn lm mt ci m


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bn khng c php lm. Trong cc nguyn gii ca i tha (mahayana),c nguyn gii tng trng tm t bi ca mnh m dng nh ng ra ch lvn cng .

Gii lut pratimoksa c da trn thn v khu, th nn bt c li lm nochng ta lm u c nhn ra ngay tc khc. Nhng nguyn gii mahayanachnh yu l i ph vi tm ca chng ta v v th chng ta khng d g ni chc l gii lut ca chng ta ang tng thng hay thi thoi.

Nguyn gii mahayana c v nh mt ci bnh bng vng d h hoi hayd v, song cng d sa. Tuy nhin, cc nguyn gii pratimoksa ging nhmt ci bnh ln bng t cng d h hoi, nhng 1 khi h hoi n coi nhh hoi lun.

Hi : Hnh nh l cc nguyn gii m ch khng lm cc loi nghip no

(ch tr) khng gii quyt c l bao v chng khng hin hin rac, chng hn nh, bn th ca tm.

Rinpoche : Bng cch ngng cc nghip bt tnh li chng ta thot khi miphin no tinh thn hay tm l. iu ny gip chng ta c an tr trongtrng thi an lc cho thin nh ca chng ta c th tng thng.

Hi : Nu ti ngng khng lm cc chuyn bt tnh qua mt thi gian, thdn d tm ti s c thng tin hn ti c th tu tp hn ln na.

Nhng lm sao cc nguyn gii gip cho thy ra c bn th ca tm

y ? Ly th d nh dm dc dng nh khng phi l mt vn , tbn thn n. Hnh nh chnh cc ph sn ca dm dc mi to ra vn .Ch ni rng khng dm dc khng thay i g l bao.

Rinpoche : Khi chng ta thin nh v ni ha (tummo) chng ta khng cphm gii bi v chng ta khng phm vo dm dc v chng ta khng tittinh (bindu, tig lee). Th c r rng cha ?

Hi : Chng ti khng tu tp ni ha.

Rinpoche : Trong tng lai mi ngi s tu tp.

Hi : Rinpoche, ngi c ng rng cc gii tng s chng i n unu khng c tu tp, nhng s tu tp vn ch dng m khng cn n cc

gii iu ny ?


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Rinpoche : Cu hi ca anh l : c cng hiu g chng nu tu tp m khngc gii lut. Gii lut quan trng ch tch tp cng c. Nhng nukhng c thin nh, ch bng gii lut m thi, chng ta khng th t ngic ng uc. Bng vo thin nh v la b ht mi tnh cm bt thin,chng ta c th t n gic ng. la b c cc tnh cm bt thin(phin no tham sn si), chng ta cn phi gi gii m mnh th.

Hi : C th no thn, khu, v t nhin m vn th hng v ccnghip thin nu nh khng c gii lut ?

Rinpoche : Kh m tu thin nh c nu nh khng c gii. Nhng vnc ngoi l nh vua Indrabhuti c n nm trm hong hu. Nh vua la

b ht mi i nhim v dm dc bi vua Indrabhuti khng ging nh cchu tnh thng thng.

Hi : Khi tu tp thin nh th tm thc c t nhin tin hng n ccthin php hay khng. Gii lut ph tr, d nhin, song chng ta c thni c l, "Xong, gi mnh khng cn g phi quan tm n th gii gna, mnh t nhin l thin ri khi ch cn ngi tu m thi".

Rinpoche : Nu chng ta b c ht mi tnh cm bt thin bng vic tutp khng thi m khng cn phi th gii, th tt lm, d l cc giinguyn pratimoksa, bodhicitta, hay l vajrayana. iu quan trng l nh htc gc r ca ca cc php nhim, mi tnh cm bt thin. Th nn

chng c g khc nhau hoc chng ta nh ht gc r ca mi php nhimbng gii lut hoc bng thin nh. Tr dit ht mi php nhim l sthnh tu ti cng.

---o0o---

CHNG IV - Karma v s Tch Tp Cng c

Chng va qua ni v h thng Mulasarvastivadin v cc gii nguyn dicc dng hu biu v v biu. Ni chung, cc gii nguyn c cng c c

bit v cng nng tch t cng c ny da trn tm nguyn th gii cachng ta. Gia hai trng hp khng git thi v sau khi th gii ri nnkhng git, chng hn, c s khc bit vi nhau. Khi chng ta ch n ginla b hnh ng khng st thi, th n s khng a ti qu bo ca vickhng st. Chng hn nh mt con ch vo lc ny khng git g ht, th conch y khng phm vo gii khng st, nhng n cng khng thu hochc cng c khng st bi v n khng th gii y. L do y l v,


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trong hin ti, nguyn nhn ca git khng hin din nn con ch khng gitbt c g. Nhng sau khi nguyn nhn ca git xut hin, con ch lc ys git. Cng vy, nu chng ta khng th gii khng st, th d chng takhng st, chng ta cng khng c c cng c g. Nhng mt khi chngta th gii ri, th khi chng ta khng git, chng ta s c c cng cca khng git bi v chng ta c nguyn trong tm mnh l ngng khnglm chuyn st na. V vy, chng ta c c cng c khng st do ni nguyn mnh m ca chng ta l khng st. S khc nhau gia mt con chv mt con ngi th gii khng git ri l ch con ngi s tch tc cng c trong khi con ch th khng.

Chng hn, nu chng ta th gii vo su gi sng, th ng by gi chngta s tch t cng c khng git c mt ting ng h, vo tm gi sc hai ting ng h v c vy. Khi chng ta tng mantra, chng ta tch

tp cng c vi mi mantra chng ta tng. Th nn mt khi chng ta thgii ri, th sau chng ta tch tp c cng c ca gii. Khi chng tath gii khng st, chng ta ngng git khng phi ch mt ngi m ngnggit tt c mi hu tnh v v vy nn s tch tp cng c c tng trng.V chng ta c nguyn th gii mnh m m vn khng ngng tngtrng, nn cng c tip tc tch lu ngay trong lc chng ta ang chi,ang n hay ang ng. Nhng nu nguyn khng git ca chng ta v sao m b ph v, th t tr i cng c s ngng tng trng.

Lm th no m chng ta vn tng trng cng c ngay trong khi ang ng

? Nu mt ngi cha th gii khng st ng dy, ngi y c th phm tist ty thuc vo cc duyn c thun hay khng thun st. ng khc,nu mt ngi th gii ng dy, ngi y c ci nguyn mnh mkhng st, th nn ngi y s ngng khng st v tch ly cng c csut giai on ang ng. Nh th, nu chng ta gi nm gii, l chng taang tch tp cng c ca nm gii ny mi pht mt. Nu chng ta gimi gii mi pht, chng ta tch tp cng c ca mi gii. Sau khi thgii, c th chng ta khng thy c cng c ang tng trng trong mnhra sao, nhng d th k t st na th gii tr i, cng c tr gii s tng

trng. V l do ny, c Pht nhn mnh vo gii lut.Kt qu ti hu ca s tch tp cng c ny l gic ng. T Tng ng niPht l sang gye. m sang c ngha l "thc dy" khi gic ng v minh vgye c ngha l "m ra" nh mt a hoa vy. Nn sangye c ngha l thcdy khi mi th bt thin, mi vng tng. Khi chng ta nh bt gc mi

bt thin, th cc thin php s r n. Mi hu tnh u c sn gic tnh bn


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trong h, nn h c sn mi cng c thin php sn sng h n. Cngnh l bu tri. Khi mt tri b my che, chng ta khng thy cc tia sngmt tri u na. Cng vy, chng ta c mi cng c thin php ca bngic bn trong mnh nhng chng b chng ngi bi cc php lu hoc v

bt thin. Cng nh khi my tan i, chng ta thy c nh sng mt tri,nn khi cc chng ngi tan i, cc cng c Pht tnh s r n. Th nn tisao iu quan trng l phi ty sch i ht mi lu hoc.

Bn cht ca cc lu hoc ging nh nc mui. Nu chng ta ung ncmui, chng ta cng thy kht hn v n khin chng ta cng ung thmnhiu nc mui na. Cng vy, nu chng ta m lm cc nghip lu hoc,n s khin chng ta c mun lm i lm li nh vy hoi v theo luhoc tng trng. Cc pandita v siddha Ty Tng v d vic ny ging nhmt con heo chy vo mt khu vn. Ngay khi con heo vo trong khu vn,

ngi ta phi ly gy nh vo mm n n khng tr vo trong vn na.Nhng nu n trong vn ri v ang bt u n cc rau c, th lc ykhng d g ui con heo ra khi vn c na. Cng vy, chng ta phic m ngng cc php bt thin v lu hoc li khi chng va thot khi lntrong tm ca chng ta ngay ln u, ging nh chng ta nh vo mm conheo ngay ln u khi n va bc chn vo khu vn.

T v thy chng ta quen to tc vi cc lu hoc. Chng ta khng nnc dng cc lu hoc ny nhng khi chng ngay ln u khi ln trong tm,chng ta khng nn chy theo chng vi thn v khu ca mnh. Nu chng

ta khng chy theo cc lu hoc ny, th dn d tm chng ta s la b ccc lu hoc y. Khi cc lu hoc gim st, s tu tp thin nh s t ngtng tin. V nh th, mi li lc s thnh tu.

Theo mt s cc tm l gia u M, nu chng ta nn cc tm tng camnh th tm thc s b tn hi v v th chng ta nn lm lin bt c g khiln trong tm mnh. Th d nh, khi chng ta cm thy hung hng, chng tann x nt mt t giy v khng i cho cn hung hng y thnh hnh bntrong mnh. C ln c ngi bo ti rng khi h ni gin, th h m vo gi

cho tc. C th ng vy.C th khi mt tng khi dy, chng ta ch nn i xem nhng g xyn vi tng . Nhng khng phi l cch thc tr gii. Chnghn, nu mt ngi ko ln bn ri ni vi con mnh : "ng n ko ny"con ci ca ngi y s cm thy rt thm n ko y. Nhng trong trnghp ca chng ta, l gi gii, th li hon ton khc hn. N ging nh c


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ngi t thuc c trn bn ri ni vi mi ngi : "ng n thuc cny, nu n anh s cht". Khng ai c nguyn mun n thuc c ht; mng ra nguyn ca h l b thuc c y i v c tm cch vt n i.

c Pht dy rng chng ta phi ngng lm cc php bt thin v cc luhoc bi v theo chng s gy kh au cho chng ta. l l do ti saochng ta khng lm cc nghip bt thin v cn tch tp cc li ch trong khion tr cc nghip bt thin y.

Khng h phi rng khng th gii l chng ta khng th t n cc tri kintng thng. Thc ra, trong truyn thng Kagyu, Tilopa, Naropa, Gampopav Milarepa u khng c th gii, nhng nh s tinh cn v tr hu ca ccngi, cc ngi c th lm ch cc lu hoc ca mnh v nh th l cngt n cng mt mc tiu nh th gii. Tilopa, Naropa, Marpa, v Milarepa

l nhng bc thy ton ho nht v l nhng bc nm gi s truyn thatrong truyn thng chng ta v c th t n Pht qu ngay trong mti sng ny.

Hi : Rinpoche, tch t cng c ngha l th no ?

Rinpoche : Tch t cng c l karma ca cc nghip thn, khu, . Nghipc hai mt : thin v bt thin. Nn thin gm bt c karma thin no ctch t qua cc nghip thin thuc thn, khu, . Ngc li, karma bt thinl bt c karma no c tch t qua cc nghip bt thin thuc thn, khu,

.

Hi : Chiu theo cc trng hp thuc v karma m ni, th bng cch trgii l chng ta khng to thm karma no na, hay l chng ta angsa li c cc karma c lun ?

Rinpoche : Chiu theo vic gi gii m ni, th khi cc bt thin karma cx b, cc karma tt c tng trng v kt qu l thin. Karma ging nhvic lm. Cuc sng phm ca chng ta da trn cng vic m chng ta lm.

Nu chng ta c vic lm tt th chng ta c th c mt cuc sng tt khng

t th nhiu, nu chng ta khng c mt vic lm tt th chng ta c thkhng c c cuc sng tt nh vy. Th nn bng cch tu tp cc karmathin qua thn, khu, ca chng ta, chng ta c th t n Pht qu.

Hi : Theo nh ti hiu th ct ngang chui xch karma s a chng tan qu v Pht, ch khng phi l tch tp karma thin hay c, bichng ta vn c trong samsara, khi ch tch tp karma thin hay c.


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Rinpoche : y l mt th d xa lm ri ni cho vn ny. Cchy lu, c c la, ngi ta phi ch hai khc cy vo nhau tht lmnh m v khi la bt ln n t chy lun c hai khc cy. Vo lc tchtp karma tt, karma xu b la b v karma tt c pht trin. T t milu hoc c ch phc. Qua tin trnh y, mi php bt thin dn d b ontr v karma t ng dng li. Sut thi gian tu tp, chng ta c gng thnhtu cc karma tt v b i cc karma xu. N ging nh hai khc ci ch xtvo nhau. Dn d chng ta c th on tr ht mi bt thin php v karmat n dng ng li.

Hi : Ngi c th ni i cht v s chn mi ca karma v lm th no ngi tu tp th nghim c iu y.

Rinpoche : Tng qut m ni, gii thch v s chn mi ca karma rt ch

quan v kh hiu lm. ngha ny ch bng tr hu mi c th t r c.Nhng nu chng ta ra sc qun st chng bng cc t d, th n li honton d hiu. V nh, ti sinh Ty Tng v nu ti ngh rng, "Ti saomnh li sinh Ty tng v ti sao mnh khng sinh M ?" Ti khng thngh g v iu y c. S th gin d ch l v do karma i trc ca tinn ti phi sinh vo Ty Tng. Ti c th ngh rng sao mnh li sinh vonm 1931 v sao mnh khng cht trc nm 1955 ti khi phi chung s au kh trc cuc xm chim ca Trung Hoa. Ti cng ch c mtcu tr li : mi th xy ra ch l do ni karma qu kh ca ti thi. Nu timun i M ti cn c visa. Nhng nu anh phn vn sao mnh li sinh

M ka, v ai cho mnh visa ? Karma ca anh cho anh visa .

Hi : N c v nh l chnh c nhn c trch nhim thnh lp karma caring mnh. Nhng ti thc mc v s t do quyt nh. Karmapa hnhnh l ngi bit r v ba i v Padmasambhava on trc vnhng g xy ra trong tng lai. Lm sao ngi tin on c tng lainu karma vn da trn t do ?

Rinpoche : Ta khng nn hiu l "thu th" ny theo ngha thng thng. Vnh mt ngi c th tin on rng trong tng lai s c mt ngi ny xy mt nh my lm n. Ngay lc tin on, ng ta khng h bitngi kia c n y trong tng lai hay khng, ngi kia c xy dngnh my hay khng. Cng vy, Ty Tng, cc li tin tri on rng, trongtng lai, mt ngi no s n v s chu cc au kh no . lkarma ca anh ta m anh ta phi chu, nhng iu y c th c tin on.


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Hi : Nhng khng phi rng nh vy l mu thun vi l t do, nnglc t do quyt nh, quyt nh hng no mnh s i ?

Rinpoche : iu y khng mu thun vi vic quyt nh cho chnh mnhbi v khi li tin on rng s c ngi lm nh th nh th trong tng lai,ci t do quyt nh u c b tc mt u. Ngc li, nhng g c ni ch l c ngi s lm iu trong tng lai.

Hi : Karma i khi c v nh lun lun t qu kh n. Nhng n cth n t mt hnh nh v mt tng lai m c khng. V nh nu tithy mt hnh nh xy dng Gampo Abbey, th nn n l mt phn cakarma ca ti v mt phn trong nng lc ca ti l phi lm sao thnh tu hnh nh y. Ti c gng gii quyt karma v t do trong tmti. Nhng g hin dang din ra cho bt c ai trong chng ta ch l kt

qu ca qu kh. C th n l kt qu ca mt hnh nh trong tng lai.Ngi ni rng Padmasambhava c tin on. C th l s tin on y lhnh nh mt tng lai ng m c ca ngi v ngi thy rt c th nng l vy, th nn ngi ni ln li tin on y.

Rinpoche : Khi Padmasambhava n Ty Tng vo th k th tm, ngi tinon rng trong tng lai chim st s bay v hng ty v rng dharma shng thnh x y. Vo lc y khng c phi c, khng c chim st, nhnggi th chng ta c cc th y. V vy dng nh khng c mu thun g vvic tin on chuyn tng lai ngay d chuyn y khng h c trong thi

gian hin ti.

Hi : Rinpoche nhn mnh s quan trng ca vic th gii nguyn lmcc iu thin c c mt s tch tp cng c hu hiu. Ti thydng nh l c hai phng din khi ni khng st : chng thc rngkhng cn g phi ni gin v c bit r l, sao i li mt cch t bitrong hon cnh y.

Rinpoche : Gi nh nu chng ta nguyn khng git, chng ta c ci nguyn khng git mnh m y th nu cc tm tng git khi ln trongtm v cc thn nghip khng i theo vi tm git. Th t t chng ta squen dn vi tm khng git, v nh th cc lu hoc ca tm s t t cthanh tnh. Thn v khu h tr cho tm. Nu cc thn nghip lun nghetheo tm, th tm s tr nn cng dn cng mnh hn. Nhng nu cc nghipthn khu ngng li, th tm s khng cn c h tr bi thn khu na vtm s tr nn yu dn i.


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Hi : Hnh nh s c lc mnh phi lm mt hnh ng vng tnh nhkhi c k th nh hy dit dharma hay lm hi bc guru. Lm sao ngic th lm th m khng phm vo tm nguyn bodhisattva v gii cangi ?

Rinpoche : C cc khc bit cht nh v tm nguyn trong ba cp bc gii.Chng ta hy hnh ng theo mc thch ng nht, mc m mnh cth thy l hp l nht. Ba mc gii ny lin h vi nhau. Chng hn mc pratimoksa, tc mc hinayana, ngi ta cho rng mnh phi "ch

phc" cc lu hoc. Theo Tng ng ch "ch phc" ny c ngha l mnhkhng nn on tr hon ton cc lu hoc ng ngha l m mnh nn"chn ln trn u chng" chng khng th ng ln c. Lm vy str gip cho thin nh v cc mc mahayana v vajrayana.

---o0o---CHNG V - Cc Pratimoksa Ngoi, Trong, v B Mt

Theo tantrayana, pratimoksa c phn thnh ba loi ngoi, trong, v b mt,tun t tng ng vi ba con ng hinayana, mahayana v vajrayana.

Nhng mc tiu ca c ba tm nguyn pratimoksa ny l iu phc tmv gii thot khi cc hoc. Tuy nhin cch thc thc hnh gia ba tmnguyn c khc nhau. Pratimoksa ca Hinayana c gi l con ng thotly. Nh chng ta ni trc , theo ht hng Theravada, chng ta khng

nn cho cc hoc khi dy v khng nn cho cc hnh ng ca thn,khu, v chy theo cc hoc y. S d chng ta lm cc nghip thn khu

bt thin cng do cc phin no tham, sn, si, mn, tt, thc y. Ngay nimu tin hoc khi ln trong tm, chng ta phi dng n li, v phi ngngcc nghip thn khu bt thin pht ng theo sau .

Trong trng hp mahayana hay B tt nguyn, hoc cng cn phi on,song li theo mt cch khc. Ngha l, thay v b loi b, cc hoc cchuyn ha qua s thc hnh t bi. Nng lc t bi tng trng dn dn chon khi n tr thnh rng ln v thm su, tc l khi chng ta tr thnh mt

b tt. B tt chuyn ha khng phi ch cc phin no ca ring mnh, mcn ca tt c cc hu tnh na. Vi s chuyn ha cc phin no nh th,mi hoc t ng c on tr cho d vi hnh vi ca mt b tt c v nh

phm gii nu nh mt ngi bn ngoi nhn vo, chng hn nh st sinhhay dm dc. Tuy nhin, bn trong, tm nguyn thc y cc hnh ng yli l v li ch cho tt c cc chng sinh.


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on hoc cng l con ng o trong tm nguyn vajrayana. Khi ngita trong trng thi thin nh (dhyana), ngi ta thy ra c cc hockhi ln trong tm mnh v ng thi gii thot mnh ra khi n. iu nyc gi l shar drol theo Tng ng, theo cc hoc khi ln v cng lcc gii thot.

Chng ta cn phi tu tp c ba cp tm nguyn (pratimoksa, mahayana vvajrayana) cng mt lc. Chng ta phi tu lut nghi bn ngoi thuc

pratimoksa theo chng ta c c tm nguyn gii thot cho chnh mnhthi ng. K n phi tu tp lut nghi bn trong ca mahayana v phi chpnhn hnh ca b tt. Sau cng, theo lut nghi ca vajrayana, chng ta vn

phi tu qun theo cc tm nguyn pratimoksa v mahayana, nhng khichng ta chng c thc tng ca cc php ri, th lc chng ta s tutp thin nh theo yidam. y l ba php tm nguyn. Ngi gng mu

trong vic tr gi cc tm nguyn ny chnh l Milarepa, b ngoi ngikhng c v g l mt v tng th gii qua cc y o ca thy tu v theo ccoai nghi ca Vinaya (Lut nghi). Tuy nhin, bn trong tm ngi thanh tnhht mi th hoc, v v th nn ti sao ngi li l mt hnh gi hon ho.Milarepa ni : "Ti khng bit g v Vinaya, nhng iu phc tm mnhchnh l Vinaya".

Theo pratimoksa, c ba loi phm gii : khinh ti, trung ti, v trng ti.Phm cc gii trng l iu khng uc lm. Cn phm cc gii nh l dochng ta b chi phi bi cc nghip c lm t cc kip trc. Cho d

chng ta c th phm cc ti nh ny, chng ta khng nn chng tch tthm nhiu. M cn phi thanh tnh hay sm hi chng theo cch thcsojong (b tt, posadha). Ch so ca Tng ng c ngha l "sa" hay "cha"v ch jong c ngha l "t b" hay "thanh tnh". Trong l sojong ny, mingi c hi l mnh c nhn ra c cc li lm m mnh phm haykhng v ri mnh phi ha l khng c lp li li lm y na trong tnglai. Cch thc ny gip cho chng ta gi tm nguyn gii ca mnh cng n.

Sau khi nhn ra li mnh, chng ta c th p dng bn lc i tr. Th nhtl lc chuyn ngc hay hi qu, tc bit ra cc li lm mnh phm v rtl chn ght chng. V ri chng ta c th x b ht mi th bt thin y.Th hai l lc ra sc cha tr, tc khi bit cc php cha tr cc hnhng bt thin kia ri, th p dng chng mt cch tinh cn v khng ginon. Th ba l lc nng ta, tc nng ta vo Tam Bo, vi c Pht lngi ch ng, Php l con ng tu tp, v Tng l cc ng bn trn


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con ng y. Th t l lc quyt tm khng lm li li lm y trong tnglai na. Hai php i tr quan trng nht l lc hi qu v quyt tm khngti to nghip y na.

Nu chng ta phm mt li lm ln u, chng ta phi quyt tm khng tiphm na; nhng nu chng ta phm li y ln th hai, chng ta li phiquyt tm khng phm n na v c vy. Bng cch c quyt tm khng tito li lm mi ln chng ta phm mt nghip bt thin, tm chng ta s trnn mnh ra khng phm ln na, v bng cch y cc phin no s lngdu. L sojong c thc hnh ct l nh vy. Nhng thanh tnh khng cngha l chng ta trc ht phm mt li v sau thanh tnh n. M n cngha l bng nng lc ca hi qu chng ta sm hi li mnh v bng nnglc i tr chng ta dt khot khng a vo nng lc ca phin no sau li ti phm li lm y na. Mt khi khng b cc c bt thin php v cc

hoc chi phi na, tm chng ta tr nn an tnh.

Hi : Ti khng r theo mahayana chuyn ha cc hoc c ngha l g ?

Rinpoche : Cc hoc nh tham, sn, v si khi ln l do ni i th chnhmnh, i th ci "Ti". Khi thc hnh con ng b tt, thay v i th chnhmnh, chng ta i th cc ngi khc v chng ta quyt tm lm li chcho cc hu tnh khc, v chnh nh , chng ta c th chuyn ha cmi hoc. Chng ta yu thch v gi ly ci "Ti" ca mnh v ch tm cchlm li cho mnh m thi t v thy kip n nay. Thi y chng c

li cho chng ta m cng chng li cho ngi khc, m li chnh l nguynnhn lm chng ta lun chuyn khng cng trong lun hi (samsara) aukh. Bit c cc li lm ca s i th chnh mnh nh th, chng ta c ththay i i tng ca i th. Thay v yu mnh, chng ta chuyn n thnhyu ngi, v th l chng ta c c t, bi v bodhicitta (b tm). Bngcch y, chng ta khng tp trung vo cc hoc, chng ta khng phn oncc phin no l c, l bt thin, hoc l sai lm. l l do ti sao chngc chuyn ha mt cch t nhin.

Nu chng ta yu chnh mnh v coi mnh l quan trng, th sn khu s khiln khi chng ta c tng l ai lm hi mnh, hay ngay c n cc nginh cha m hay bn b ca mnh m i gip k th ca mnh. Th nn cnsn hn y ni ln l da trn s nh gi bn ng. Nhng nu chng ta thayi thi v quan tm n s li lc cho cc hu tnh, th cc hoc s tnhin chuyn ha bi v chng ta khng cn coi mnh l quan trng nhtna.


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Hi : Chng ta bt u t hinayana bo rng, "ng lm cc iu y,cc iu y l c" v k n l mahayana ni rng, "Hy lm cc iuny, cc iu ny l tt". Vy, c phi chng vajrayana l cch duy nht dp ht mi lu hoc mt cch cu cnh ?

Rinpoche : Thc ra, c ba tha u c cch lm cho chng ta gii thot khicc hoc, nhng php mn vajrayana th mau l hn v mnh m hn.

Hi : Theo nh ti hiu, ba trong bn php i tr u nm trong l b tt(sojong).

Rinpoche : Thc ra, ch c hai trong bn php i tr l bao gm trong l btt. l nng lc nng ta, theo chng ta pht l trc ch tng vnng lc quyt tm khng lm li vic li lm y na trong tng lai. Hai

nng lc kia khng bao gm trong l b tt, m c thc hnh trong milc.

Hi : Hnh nh rng lc i tr u tin, lc hi qu, cng c gm volun, bi v v thuyt gii s hi : "ng c thy cc li lm ca ng l saiquy khng ?" v chng ta phi ni : "Vng, ti thy l nhng g saiquy", v chp nhn nhng g mnh lm. Th nn ti thy hnh nhci lc u tin cng c gm lun trong bui l.

Rinpoche : Thc ra chng ta c ci lc u tin trong mnh trc khi

hnh l b tt. Trong khi lm l chng ta c hi l c li hay khng. Duc n bn cch i tr, nhng ch c hai l gm lun trong l b tt, haiphp kia phi c thc hnh sut mi thi.

Hi : Rinpoche, trong pratimoksa ca hinayana, ngi ni n cc hockhi ln v vi ngha v vic iu phc cc hoc y. iu phc du saocng m ch l hoc khng thc s b tiu tr, nhng ch c y i, thnn n thc ra vn cn c mt trong chng ta.

Rinpoche : Khng c ch no cho phin no tr trong tm c. Phc

hoc c ngha l chng ta khng cho hoc khi ln trong tm mnh.Santideva cho mt th d v vic y nh sau. Nu chng ta ra sc dit kch, th k ch y s i n mt ni khc, v khi hn mnh tr th,hn s tr li tr hn. Nhng hoc rt l yu; chng khng c ch no iht, v cng khng c ch tr li. Mt khi chng b loi tr ri, chngkhng th tr li na.


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Hi : Rinpoche ni rng phm cc gii khinh l do ni nghip ca cci trc. Rinpoche c th vui lng cho cc th d v vic phm cc giitrung ti v trng ti, v c phi chng chng cng u do nghip ca cci trc ?

Rinpoche : C hai iu cn phi la xa: cc nghip c v cc chng nn.Nu cc nghip thn, khu, v ca chng ta lm hi cc hu tnh khc, dtrc tip hay gin tip, cc nghip ny l cc nghip c bt thin. Cc nghipny chng c lin quan g vi karma i trc hay tp kh i trc, mng hn chng c lin h vi cc mun hin ti. Khi ln mt mun sthay trm l ch ty theo chnh mnh v chng ta c cng nng ngngmnh li khng cho lm cc hnh ng y.

Cc chng ngi, vn thuc v tm, cng khng h do ni karma, m do ni

cc thi quen ca chng ta. T v thy n nay, tt c chng ta quen thi ccphin no tham, sn, v si. C ngi th tham mnh, c ngi sn mnh, vc ngi th si mnh, ty theo h quen thi cc phin no y nhiu t thno. Cc thi quen ny cn phi c la b. C hai ch m hu nh l ngngha vi nhau trong Tng ng. l ch gom (vit theo Tng ng l sgom)c ngha l tu tp hay thin nh, v ch khom (vit l goms) c ngha l ccthi quen tp kh. Khi chng ta tu tp ht sc tinh cn v s tu tp ca chngta c lc, th l gom, tc thin nh. Khi chng ta khng ht lng tu tp,khng ra sc tu tp, th n tr thnh khom, tc ch l mt thi quen. V th la xa cc chng ngi, chng ta phi thay th khom bng gom.

V ba cp phm gii th phm gii khinh i khi cha chn thnh cnghip nhng sau c th tr thnh chng t ca c nghip. Chng hn,vi v tu s khng mc y di, sham thab cho ng hong. Vo lc y, nkhng phi l mt c nghip, nhng n c th t t chn dn thnh mt cnghip thc s.

Hi : Trong s tu tp "hu thin nh" theo vajrayana, th t la hoc llut nghi no ?

Rinpoche : Chng ta cn phi c hai php nim v qun trong hu thinnh. Ch Ty tng tng ng vi ch "hu" (post) ny ca ting Anh l

je thop. m je c ngha l chng ta em ci bn th ca s tu tp y votrong mnh v khng nh mt n i.

S tu tp trong vajrayana nhn mnh vo trong tm hn l lut nghi bnngoi. Nh Milarepa c ni : "iu phc tm mnh chnh l Vinaya (Lut


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nghi)". iu phc tm mnh, chng ta phi tu tp thin nh v c mts tu tp mnh m chng ta phi c nim v qun.

Hi : Ngi c th ni i cht v cc chng ngi b mt c khng ?

Rinpoche : Trc y, nhiu dch gi dch ch sang ca Tng ng l "bmt" th nn vajrayana c dch l "mantrayana b mt". Nhng dch thkhng c ng lm. Con ng tt a chng ta n ch mnh mun nc gi l sang lam, c ngha l "mt li tt" hay "mt con ng nhanhhn". V th sang ng ni cho li thot chnh yu ca vn . V d nh,nu chng ta mun bt n, chng ta phi i bt n ln, chng ta khng thc loay hoay vi bng n m bt n c. V vy cch chnh yu lmsao n c bt ln c gi l sang theo Tng ng. Khi sang c dch raAnh ng l "b mt" (secret), n gy ra nhiu bi ri. Ly th d khc nh

chic xe hi, b my l cha kha chnh, l phn quan trng nht. Nu chngta mun li xe hay mun dng li hay mun bt c g, th u phi lm quamy. Th nn b my xe chnh l sang pa.

---o0o---

CHNG VI - Chn phng din ca 1 bc thnh

Trong truyn thng Pht gio c ba loi tu tp khc nhau, l kin(darsana), tu (bhavana), v hnh (carya). Cc sutra Pratimoksa l i ng

vi cc vn gii lut hay hnh. Sng trong 1 t vin hay abbey i hiphi c lut l. N i hi chnh hnh li cho c mnh v c cc hu tnhkhc trong cc th h hin ti ny v tng lai v gii lut cng lm chochnh php c tr lu bn. Cc bc thnh n lc li ch cho chng sinh,c 9 cch khc nhau gip ch ngi khc; 3 cch thuc t li, 3 cch li tha, v 3 cch sau cng l t li ln li tha.

T Li

Ba cch t li l vn (thos pa), t (bsam pa), tu (gom pa). Chng ta phi ty

thuc vo ngi khc ch ra con ng chnh chn v th nn chng talng nghe gio php ca c Pht. Theo quan im ca hinayana c Phtdy cch gii thot khi tham trc trong Vinaya, gii thot khi sn khutrong Sutra, v gii thot khi v minh trong Abhidharma. l Tripitaka(ngha en l "ba r") ca hinayana.Trong mahayana cng c mt Tripitakav trong vajrayana cng c mt Tripitaka.


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Cc Sastra (Lun) hay cc b lun gii gip cho chng ta hiu c ccphp rt thm su ca c Pht. Bn b lun gii quan trng nht v Pht php l Madhyamika, Prajnaparamita, Vinaya v Abhidharma. BMadhyamika sastra lun v tnh Khng, Prajnaparamita sastra ni v tr hu,Vinaya sastra bn v gii lut hay hnh, v Abhidharma sastra trnh by tintrnh trn con ng o.

Sau khi lng nghe bn b lun y ri, chng ta s t duy v chng. Chng tat duy v qun st i i li li nhng g mnh c nghe pht trin trhu ca mnh. Cui cng, chng ta tu tp v bn b lun y v nhng gio

php m chng ta tip nhn tu tp bng nhiu cch.

(cn tip)

---o0o---HT

gioi luat nhin theo phat giao tay tang - con tiep- tt thich nhat chan dich - con tiep

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