giáo trình tin học căn bản · pdf file/w hiển thị theo hàng...

Gio trnh tin hc cn bn
Khoa CNTT Trng TCN Vit Hn Bnh Dng 9
Chng II H IU HNH
BI 3. CC LNH C BN CA MS-DOS
I. MS-DOS l g?
MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) l h iu hnh(HH) ca
tp on khng l Microsoft. Phin bn u tin ca MS-DOS c vit nm 1981.
MS-DOS l HH n nhim (ti mt thi im ch chy c mt trnh ng
dng). MS-DOS giao din vi ngi s dng thng qua dng lnh.
Cch khi ng MS-DOS:
Trong Window XP: Start Run g CMD
Trong Window 7: Start Search Program and File g CMD
II. Tn a v du i lnh
1. a:
a mm - gi l a A: c dung lng 1.4 MB.
a cng thng l C,D,E, nm trong thng my v c dung lng ln gp
nhiu ln a mm.
a CD dng c cc a quang, c dung lng vi trm MB.
2. Du i lnh:
Sau khi thc thi cc lnh khi ng, mn hnh s xut hin du i lnh c dng
C:\>_ hoc A:\>__
:\> l quy c du i lnh ca DOS
im nhy sng _ l con tr (cursor): cho ta bit im lm vic hin ti trn mn
hnh.
Cc k t g trn bn phm s xut hin ti v tr con tr.
III. Tp v th mc
1. Tp (tp tin File)
Tp tin (hay cn gi l Tp) l hnh thc, n v lu tr thng tin trn a ca H
iu hnh.
Tp gm c tn tp v phn m rng (Phn m rng dng nhn bit tp do
chng trnh no to ra n).
Tn tp tin c vit khng qu 8 k t v khng c du cch, + , - ,* , / .
Phn m rng khng qu 3 k t v khng c du cch. Gia tn v phn m
rng cch nhau bi du chm (.).
Tp tin c th l ni dung mt bc th, cng vn, vn bn, hp ng hay mt tp
hp chng trnh.
V d:
COMMAND.COM: c phn tn l COMMAND, cn phn m rng l COM
MSDOS.SYS: c phn tn l MSDOS, phn m rng l DOS.
Ngi ta thng phn bit cc tp tin vi nhau da vo phn m rng.
Loi tp tin Phn m rng
Vn bn DOC, TXT,...

Thc thi lnh COM, EXE
Hnh nh JPG, BMP, RAW,...
2. Th mc v cy th mc:
c th t chc qun l tt tp tin trn a ngi ta lu cc tp tin thnh tng
nhm v lu trong tng ch ring gi l th mc.
Mi th mc c c trng bi 1 tn c th, quy tc t tn th mc
ging nh tn tp. Cc th mc c th t lng trong nhau v to thnh mt cy th
mc.
Trong th mc c th to ra cc th mc con v c tip tc nhau do dn n
s hnh thnh mt cy th mc trn a. Nh vy cc th mc bn to ra c th l th
mc cp1 hay th mc 2,...
Th mc gc l th mc do nh dng a to ra v chng ta khng th xo
c. Mi a ch c mt th mc gc, t y ngi s dng to ra cc th mc con.
K hiu th mc gc l du (\)
V d:
C:\>: l th mc gc. Sau n th mc con cc cp v cc tp tin.
Th mc hin hnh: l th mc ang c m, v con tr ang nhp nhy.
V d:
Th mc hin hnh l th mc KHOAHOCTUNHIEN nm trong C.
Th mc rng: l th mc m khng c th mc con hoc tp tin c cha
trong n.
ng dn: Khi cn tc ng n mt th mc hoc tp tin ta phi ch ra v tr
ca th mc hay tp tin trn a hay l phi ch ra ng dn, tn ng dn ca
th mc hoc tp tin tc ng ti.
V d: Mun truy xut ti tp d liu khonggian.txt trong th mc HINH HOC
cy th mc trn ta phi tin hnh ch ra ng dn nh sau:
C:\>KHOAHOCTUNHIEN\TOAN\HINHHOC\khonggian.txt
K t i din *: N c th ng trong phn tn chnh hay phn tn m rng
ca tp tin, n ng v tr no s i din cho k t hoc nhm k t t v tr
n k t sau n.
V d:

C:\>VATLY\A*B.DOC : Ngha l ch ra tt c cc tp c trong th mc VATLY
c phn m rng l DOC m c tn bt u bng k t A v kt thc bng k t B.
C:\>VATLY\*.* : Ngha l ch ra tt c cc tp c trong th mc VATLY
C:\>VATLY\*.TXT : Ngha l ch ra tt c cc tp c trong th mc
VATLY m c phn m rng l TXT
K t i din ?: N c th ng trong phn tn chnh hay phn tn m rng
ca tp tin, n ng v tr no s i din cho 1 k t ti v tr .
V d: C:\>_?.TXT : Ngha l mun ch ra cc tp tin c trong a C m c
phn tn ch l mt k t bt k v c phn m rng l TXT
IV. Mt s lnh c bn:
1. Qui c:
Drive: a
Filename: tn tp tin
Path: ng dn, bao gm th mc cha, cc th mc con k tip.
Directory: th mc
Sud-directory: th mc con.
2. Cc lnh c bn:
2.1 To th mc: MD (Make directory)
Cng dng: to th mc mi trong th mc hin hnh.
C php: MD [Drive:][path]
V d: to th mc KHOAHOCTUNHIEN ti a C:
Cch 1: ti th mc hin hnh (C:\>), g MD KHOAHOCTUNHIEN
Cch 2: ti th mc bt k, g MD C:\KHOAHOCTUNHIEN
2.2 Xa th mc: RD (Remove directory)
Cng dng: xa b th mc rng
C php: RD [Drive:]path
V d: xa th mc KHOAHOCTUNHIEN va mi to trn.
Cch 1: ti th mc hin hnh (C:\>), g RD KHOAHOCTUNHIEN
Cch 2: ti th mc bt k, a bt k, g RD C:\KHOAHOCTUNHIEN
Lu : Nu mun xa th mc c cha th mc con hay tp tin trong , th
phi theo ch php RD [/S] [/Q] [Drive:]path
V d: Trong th mc KHOAHOCTUNHIEN c th mc con l TOAN. Nu ta
dng lnh RD KHOAHOCTUNHIEN s bo li l The directory is not empty (Th
mc khng rng). Mun xa c ta phi dng c php l:
RD /S KHOAHOCTUNHIEN
2.3 Lnh chuyn i th mc: CD (Change Directory)
Cng dng: chuyn i th mc hin hnh.
C php: CD [Drive:][Path]

V d: T th mc gc C:\>, g CD KHOAHOCTUNHIEN, s chuyn thnh
th mc hin hnh C:\KHOAHOCTUNHIEN>
Lu : t th mc hin hnh mun chuyn v th mc gc, g CD\
V d: g C:\KHOAHOCTUNHIEN>CD\ s chuyn v th mc gc l C:\>
2.4 Lnh hin th th mc v tp tin
Cng dng: Hin th dch sch cc tp tin v th mc c trong th mc.
C php: DIR [drive :] [path][/P][/W][/A : attribs][/O : sortorder]
Ghi ch:
Tham s ngha
/P Hin th tng trang mn hnh (Page)
/W Hin th theo hng ngang (Wide), b bt s liu v kch thc byte, ngy, gi
/A Hin th thuc tnh (Attribute) ca tp tin
/O
:sortoder
Cc la chn hin th trt t sp xp
N: theo alphabet tn tp tin
E: theo alphabet phn m rng
S: theo kch thc bytes (t nh n ln)
D: theo ngy thng v gi (t trc n nay)
G: theo nhm th mc
V d: ti th mc hin hnh, g DIR /w
2.5 Lnh xa mn hnh CLS
Cng dng: Xa mn hnh MS-DOS
C php: CLS
2.6 Lnh sa i gi ca h thng:
Cng dng: xem, chnh sa gi h thng
C php: Time [hh:mm:ss]
V d:
C:\>Time
Current time is : 10 : 51 : 15
Enter new time:
Nu khng cn thay i thi gian ta nhn Enter kt thc.
2.7 Lnh sa i ngy ca h thng
Cng dng: Xem v chnh sa ngy ca h thng.
C php: DATE
V d:
C:\>Date
The current date is: 20/08/2013
Enter the new date: (dd-mm-yyyy):
Tng t, nu khng mun thay i ngy h thng ta bm phm enter xc
nhn.
2.8 Lnh xem nhn a: VOL
Cng dng: xem tn ca a

C php: VOL [Drive:]
V d:
C:\>Vol G:
Volume in drive G is Data
Volume serial number is 8B3D-F6CE

BI 4. GII THIU WINDOWS
I. Windows l g?
1. Khi nim
L HH ca tp on Microsoft, phin bn u tin ra i vo nm 1985.
L HH a nhim.
Giao tip vi ngi dng ch yu qua giao din ho l cc ca s, hp
thoi.
c rt nhiu phin bn ca Windows c ra i, ngy nay ch yu dng
Windows XP, Window 7 v phin bn mi nht l Window 8.
2. c im ca HH Window
H thng thc n thng nht cung cp cho ngi dng mt cch thc chun
gi thc hin cc chc nng ca ng dng.
C th thc hin thao tc copy, paste d liu bt c u trong h thng
H thng thanh cun cho php ngi dng hin th vn bn lin tc
Gi thi hnh cc ng dng n gin
Cung cp tnh nng Multimedia cho php ngi dng nghe nhc, xem phim.
Cung cp kh nng a nhim
Cung cp kh nng lm vic trong mi trng mng.
II. Khi ng v thot khi Windows
1. Khi ng:
Khi ta bt nt ngun th my tnh s t ng khi ng vo HH Window.
2. Thot khi Window
Nhp chut vo biu tng Window gc tri di mn hnh, chn
Shutdown.
Cc la chn thot khi Window:

Switch user: Chuyn sang ti khon ngi dng khc.
Log off ng xut khi ti khon ngi dng hin ti.
Lock Kha my tnh bng cch a my tnh v mn hnh
ng nhp (nn thc hin chc nng ny khi ri my tnh)
Restart Khi ng li h iu hnh.
Sleep Lu li cc phin lm vic, a my tnh v ch tit
kim nng lng v cho php h thng hot ng li mt
cch nhanh chng.
Hibernate Ch ng ng.
III. Mn hnh nn - Desktop
Mn hnh nn (Desktop) cha cc biu tng:
My computer: Biu tng cho php xem ti nguyn trn my tnh.
Recycle Bin: Biu tng lu tr tm thi cc tp tin v i tng b
xa.
Shortcut: Lin kt n cc phn mm ng dng trong my tnh.
IV. Thanh tc v (Task bar)
Cha cc biu tng chng trnh v bn thu nh ca cc chng trnh ang thc
thi, cng vi khay h thng hin th ngy, gi, thit lp m thanh,...
V. Menu Start
Hu ht cc chc nng ca Window u c b tr trong cc menu xut hin t
mc Start.
VI. Khi ng v thot khi mt ng dng
1. Khi ng chng trnh
C nhiu cch khi ng mt chng trnh t Window:
Cch 1: Chn Start Menu All Program [Group chng trnh] Tn
chng trnh ng dng.
Cch 2: Start Menu Nhp tn chng trnh trong mc Search Program and
Files Click chn chng trnh t danh sch tm thy.
2. Thot khi ng dng:
Cch 1: Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4
Cch 2: Chn File Exit
Cch 3: Nhp vo biu tng X gc trn, bn phi ca ng dng.
VII. Ca s chng trnh
1. Khi nim:
Ngi s dng giao tip vi cc chng trnh thng qua cc ca s, mt ca s
chng trnh gm cc thnh phn sau:

giáo trình tin học căn bản · pdf file/w hiển thị theo hàng...

Documents