GILDED AGE – ARTS/ENTERTAINMENT/LEISURE(cont.)

• Other forms of entertainment/leisure also emerged for urban dwellers – we will focus on Museums, Expositions, and Department Stores

• Museums – emerge in cities. Most major American museums established during late 19th century. Below are prime examples.– Metropolitan Museum of Art (1872)

• John Taylor Johnston - founder– Museum of Natural History (1869)– Boston Museum of Fine Arts (1876)– Chicago Art Institute (1879)

• Charles L. Hutchinson• Orchestras - established in major U.S. cities throughout late

nineteenth century• Theater

– Repertory Companies

• Expositions– Centennial International Exposition

• 1st “World’s Fair” in U.S.– The World’s Columbian Exposition (The Chicago Fair)

• Daniel Burnham and Frederick Law Olmstead• 640 acres• 27-28,000,000 attend• More than 200 buildings• Westinghouse electrifies fair• Ferris Wheel (George Ferris)• Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building• Machinery Building• Agricultural Building

• Department Stores– Marshall Field (1865)

• Marshall Field– Wannamaker (1876)

• John Wanamaker– Bloomingdales (1872)

• Lyman and Marshall Bloomingdale– Belk (1888)

• William Henry Belk– Following image – Wannamaker Store in Philadelphia (1903)