giao an hoa hoc 12 ca nam chuan kien thuc ky nangmoi 20112012

8/6/2019 Giao an Hoa Hoc 12 CA Nam Chuan Kien Thuc Ky Nangmoi 20112012

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phn phi ch ng trnh ho hc chun kin thc knng mi LP 12 nm hc 2011-2012

C nm: 37 tun (70 tit)

Hc k I: 19 tun (36 tit)Hc k II: 18 tun (34 tit)

Ni dungS tit

L thuyt Luyn tpThchnh

ntp

Kim tra

n tp u nm 1Chng 1. Este - Lipit 3 1Chng 2. Cacbohirat 4 1 1Chng 3. Amin-Aminoaxit-

Protein5 1

Chng 4. Polime v Vt liupolime

4 1 1

Chng 5. i cng v kimloi

8 3 1

Chng 6. Kim loi kim-Kimloi kim th-Nhm

7 2 1

Chng 7. St v mt s kimloi quan trng

6 2 1

Chng 8. Phn bit mt scht v c

2 1

Chng 9. Ha hc vi vn pht trin kinh t,x hi v mi trng

3

Kim tra 45 pht (2 tit / hc k ) 4

n tp hc k I v cui nm 4Kim tra hc k I v cui nm 2Tng s: 70 tit 42 12 5 5 6

Tit 1: n tp u nm .Chng 1. Este Lipit (4 tit)

T tit 2 n tit 5: EsteLipitCht git raLuyn tp: Este v cht bo

Chng 2. Cacbohirat (7 tit)T tit 6 n tit 12: GlucozSaccaroz, tinh bt v xenlulozLuyn tp: Cu to v tnh cht ca

cacbohiratThc hnh: iu ch, tnh cht ho hc ca

este v gluxitKim tra 1 tit

Chng 3.Amin, Amino axit v Protein (6 tit)T tit 13 n tit 18: Amin

Amino axitgio n ho hc 12 c bn c nm chun kin thc k nng minm hc 2011-2012 . lin h t 01689218668 hoc0943926597

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Kim tra 1 titChng 8. Phn bit mt s cht v c (3 tit)

T tit 62 n tit 64: Nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dchNhn bit mt s cht kh

Luyn tp: Nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch

Chng 9.Ha hc v vn pht trin kinh t - x hi v mitrng (6 tit)T tit 65 n tit 70: Ho hc v vn pht trin kinh t

Ho hc v vn x hiHo hc v nhng vn mi trng

n tp hc k II (2 tit)Kim tra hc k II.

gio n ho hc 12 c bn c nm chun kin thc k nng minm hc 2011-2012 . lin h t 01689218668 hoc0943926597

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Tit 1: n tp u nmI. Mc tiu bi hc:

1. Kin thc:- n tp, cng c, h thng ha kin thc cc chng ha hc i cngv v c (S in li, Nit - Photpho, Cacbon - Silic) v cc chng vha hc hu c (i cng v ha hu c, hidrocacbon, dn xuthalogen - ancol - phenol, andehit - xeton - axit cacboxylic).

2. K nng:- Rn luyn k nng da vo cu to ca cht suy ra tnh cht v

ng dng ca cht. Ngc li, da vo tnh cht ca cht d oncu to ca cht.

- K nng gii bi tp xc nh CTPT ca hp cht.II. Ph ng php:

- m thoiIII. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gio vin vhc sinh

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1 n tp kin thc ha v c

* Cho HS Tho lun v tr licc vn : Axit, Baz vphn ng v axit baz.

- Hy nu khi nim v axit?- Hy nu cc tnh cht hohc chung ca axit?- Vit cc PTHH chngminh?- Hy nu khi nim v baz?- Hy nu cc tnh cht hohc chung ca baz?- Vit cc PTHH chngminh?

I. Axit, Baz v phn ng v axit baz:* Axit l nhng cht c kh nng phn lira ion H+. VD: HCl, H2SO4, CH3COOH...- Tnh cht ho hc chung ca axit:

+ Lm i mu cht ch th.+ Tc dng vi baz, oxit baz.HCl + NaOH NaCl +H2O.H2SO4 + CuO CuSO4 +H2O.+ Tc dng vi kim loi:2HCl + Mg MgCl2 +H2+ Tc dng vi mui:

H2SO4 + CaCO3

CaSO4 + H2O+CO2* Baz l nhng cht c kh nng nhnproton. VD: NaOH, Ba(OH)2, NH3...- Tnh cht ho hc chung ca baz:+ Lm i mu cht ch th.+ Tc dng vi axit, oxit axit.HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 +H2O.H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 +2H2O

CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3


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+ H2O.+ Tc dng vi dd mui:Ca(OH)2 + NaCO3 CaCO3 +2NaOH

Hot ng 2 Ankan

* Cho HS tho lun v tr licc vn sau:- Hy nu CTTQ ca ankan?- Vit CTPT ca mtt sankan lm v d?- Hy nu cc tnh cht hohc ca an kan?- Vit phng trnh phn ngminh ho?

II. Ankan:

-Ankan c CTTQ l CnH2n+2 (n 1).VD: CH4, C2H6, C3H8 . . .

-Tnh cht ho hc ca ankan:Ankan l hirocacbon no c phn ngth, phn ng tch hiro v phn ngchy.- VD:C2H6 + Cl2 askt C2H5Cl +HCl

CH3 - CH30t

CH2 = CH2 +H2C3H8 + 5O2

0t 3CO2 +

4H2OHot ng 3 Anken

* Cho HS tho lun v tr licc vn sau:- Hy nu CTTQ ca anken?

- Vit CTPT ca mt s ankenlm v d?- Hy nu cc tnh cht hohc ca an ken?- Vit phng trnh phn ngminh ho?

III. Anken:- Anken c CTTQ l CnH2n (n 2).- VD: C2H4, C3H6, C4H8 . . .- Tnh cht ho hc ca anken:

- Anken l hirocacbon khng no cphn ng cng, phn ng trng hp vphn ng oxi ho.- VD:+ Phn ng cng hiro:CH2 = CH - CH3 + H2

0Ni, t CH3 - CH2- CH3CH2 = CH 2 + Br2 CH2Br-CH2Br+ Phn ng trng hp:

nCH2 = CH 2

0xt,t

( 2 2CH CH ) n+ Phn ng oxi ho:C3H6 + 9/2O2 3CO2 +3H2O

Hot ng 4 Aren

* Cho HS tho lun v tr licc vn sau:- Hy nu CTTQ ca aren?- Vit CTPT ca mt s arenlm v d?- Hy nu cc tnh cht ho

IV. Aren:- Aren c CTTQ l CnH2n-6 (n 6).

VD: C6H6, C7H8, C8H10. . .- Tnh cht ho hc ca aren:+ Phn ng th:Th nguyn t hiro vng benzen.


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hc ca aren? Vit phngtrnh phn ng minh ho?

VD: C6H6 + Br20Fe,t

C6H5Br +HBrC6H6 + HNO3

02 4H SO ,t C6H5NO2 +

H2O

Th nguyn t hiro mch nhnh.VD: C6H5CH3 + Br2

0t C6H5CH2Br+ HBr+ Phn ng cng:

VD: C6H6 + 3H20Ni,t

C6H12C6H6 + 3Cl2

0Ni,t C6H6Cl6+ P oxi ho:VD: C6H5CH3 + 2KMnO4

0t C6H5-COOK +

2MnO2 + KOH+ H2O

Hot ng 5 Ancol

* Cho HS tho lun v tr licc vn sau:- Hy nu CTTQ ca ancol non chc?- Vit CTPT ca mt s ancolno n chc lm v d?

- Hy nu cc tnh cht hohc ca ancol no n chc?- Vit phng trnh phn ngminh ho?

V. Ancol:- CTTQ ca ancol no n chc lCnH2n+1OH (n 1).VD: C2H5OH, C3H7OH, C4H9OH . . .- Tnh cht ho hc ca ancol:+ Phn ng th H ca nhm OH:VD: C2H5OH + Na C2H5ONa

+ H2

+ Phn ng th nhm OH:VD: C2H5OH + HBr C2H5Br +H2O

C2H5OH + C2H5OH 2 40H SO

140 C C2H5OC2H5 +

H2O

+ Phn ng tch nc:

VD: C2H5OH 2 40H SO

170 C C2H4 +

H2O

+ Phn ng oxi ho:Oxi ho khng hon ton:VD:C2H5OH + CuO

0t CH3CHO + Cu+ H2OCH3CHOHCH3 + CuO

0t CH3COCH3 + Cu +

H2O

Oxi ho hon ton:


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VD: C2H5OH + 3O20t 2CO2 +

3H2OHot ng 6 Anehit

* Cho HS tho lun v tr licc vn sau:- Hy nu CTTQ ca anehitno n chc?- Vit CTPT ca mt sanehit no n chc lm vd?- Hy nu cc tnh cht hohc ca anehit no nchc?- Vit phng trnh phn ngminh ho?

VI. Anehit:- CTTQ ca anehit no n chc lCnH2n+1CHO (n 0).- Tnh cht ho hc anehit no nchc:+ Phn ng cng hiro:VD:CH3CHO + H2

0Ni,t CH3-CH2-OH+ Phn ng oxi ho khng hon ton:RCHO + 2AgNO3 + H2O + 3NH3

0t

RCOOH + 2NH4NO3 +2Ag( phn ng trng gng)

Hot ng 7 Axit cacboxylic* Cho HS tho lun v tr licc vn sau:- Hy nu CTTQ ca axitcacboxylic no n chc?- Vit CTPT ca mt s axitcacboxylic no n chc lmv d?- Hy nu cc tnh cht ho

hc ca axit cacboxylic non chc?- Vit phng trnh phn ngminh ho?

VII. Axit cacboxylic:- CTTQ ca axit cacboxylic no n chclCn H2n+1COOH (n 0).- Tnh cht ho hc ca axit cacboxylicno n chc:+ Tnh axit:S phn li thun nghch

R-COOH RCOO- + H+

+ Tc dng vi baz v oxit baz.


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Tit 2: este

I. Mc tiu bi hc:1. Kin thc:

- HS bit: Khi nim, tnh cht ca este.

- HS hiu: Nguyn nhn este khng tan trong nc v c nhit sithp hn axit ng phn.2. K nng:

- Vn dng kin thc v lin kt hidro gii thch nguyn nhn estekhng tan trong nc v c nhit si thp hn axit ng phn.

II. Ph ng php:- m thoi kt hp vi TNBD.

III. Chun b:- Dng c: ng nghim, n cn.- Ha cht: Mu du n, m ng vt, dd H2SO4, dd NaOH.

IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV v hcsinh

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1 Khi nim - Danh php

* Cho HS vit pthh khi choaxit axetic tc dng vi ancoletylic v ancol isoamilic.

* Cho HS bit cc hp chtto thnh l este. T yucu HS rt ra khi nim,CTTQ.

* T tn gi ca cc este tn,yu cu HS a ra quy tcgi tn.

I. Khi nim - Danh php:

- C2H5OH + CH3COOH 2 4H SO

CH 3COOC2H5 +H2O

Etyl axetat- CH3COOH + HO-[CH2]2-CH(CH3)2

2 4H SO CH3COO-[CH2]2-CH(CH3)2 +

H2OIsoamyl axetat.

- Khi thay nhm OH nhm cacboxyl caaxit cacboxilic bng nhm OR th ta thuc este.- Este c CTTQ: RCOOR. i vi este no,n chc, mch h: CnH2nO2- Tn ca este RCOOR:


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Tn gc R + tn gc axit RCOO (ui at)Hot ng 2 Tnh cht vt l

* Cho HS quan st mu duthc vt, nghin cu SGK, t rt ra tnh cht vt l

ca este.

II. Tnh cht vt l:- iu kin thng: cht lng hoc rn,hu nh khng tan trong nc.- Nhit si thp hn so vi cc axit v

ancol tng ng.- Mt s este c mi c trng.

Hot ng 3 Tnh cht ha hc

* Yu cu HS nghin cuSGK, t rt ra tnh chtha hc ca este. GV hngdn HS vit pthh.

* GV b sung:+ Phn ng thy phntrong mi trng kim lphn ng x phng ha.+ Ngoi ra este cn c phnng gc HC.

III. Tnh cht ha hc:- Este b thy phn trong mi trng axitv mi trng kim.+ Thy phn trong mi trng axit:

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O 2 4H SO

C2H5OH +

CH3COOHPhn ng ny l phn ng thun nghch+ Thy phn trong mi trng baz:CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH

0t

C2H5OH+CH3COONaPhn ng ny xy ra mt chiu.

Hot ng 4 iu ch

* Yu cu HS nu cch iu

ch este. Vit PT iu ch.* GV b sung: ngoi ra cnmt s este c iu chtheo PP khc.VD:CH3COOH + CH CH

CH3COOCH=CH2

IV. iu ch:- Este bng cch cho axit cacboxylic tc

dng vi ancol

RCOOH + ROH 2 4H SO RCOOR + H2O

Hot ng 5 ng dng

* Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t rt ra cc ng dng ca

este.

V. ng dng:- X phng, cht git ra, bnh ko, nchoa . . .

Hot ng 6 Cng c* HD v cho HS lm cc bitp 2, 3, 4

- Bi tp 2: A: C- Bi tp 3: A: C- Bi tp 4: A: B


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Tit 3: lipit


- HS bit: Lipit l g? Tnh cht ha hc ca cht bo.- HS hiu: Nguyn nhn to nn cc tnh cht ca cht bo.

2. K nng:- Vn dng mi quan h cu to - tnh cht vit cc PTHH minh ha

tnh cht este cho cht bo.II. Ph ng php:

- m thoi kt hp vi TNBD.III. Chun b:

- Dng c: Cc- Ha cht: Mu du n, nc, etanol.



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Hot ng ca gio vin vhc sinh

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1 Kim tra bi c* Vit CTCT cc ng phneste ng vi CTPT l C4H8O2.Gi 2 HS ln bng trnh by.

- HCOOCH2CH2CH3- HCOOCH(CH3)2- CH3COOC2H5- C2H5COOCH3

Hot ng 2 Khi nim

* Yu cu HS nu khi nim,t ly cc VD minh ha.

* GV cho bit ta ch xt chtbo.

I. Khi nim:- Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trongt bo sng, khng ha tan trong nc,nhng tan nhiu trong cc dung mikhng phn cc.- VD: Cht bo, sp, steroit . . .

Hot ng 3 Cht bo (khi nim)

* Yu cu HS nu khi nimv cht bo, t a rakhi nim v axit bo.

* Em hy a ra CTCT chungca cht bo. Ly cc VD

minh ha.

II. Cht bo:

1. Khi nim:- Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axitbo, gi chung l triglixerit hay ltriaxylglixerol.- Axit bo l cc axit n chc c mchC di v khng phn nhnh. VD:CH3(CH2)16COOH axit stearicCH3(CH2)14COOH axit panmiticCis - CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COOH axitoleic- CTCT chung ca cht bo:

12

|

2

|

32

R COO CH

R COO CH

R COO CH

(trong : R1, R2, R3 c th

ging nhau hoc khc nhau).- VD:(CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5Tristearoylglixerol hay tristearin(CH3[CH2]14COO)3C3H5Tripanmitoylglixerol hay tripanmitin

(CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COO)3C3H5Trioleoylglixerol hay triolein

Hot ng 4 Tnh cht vt l

* Cho HS quan st du hocm, lm th nghim v tnhtan trong nc, t rt ra cctnh cht vt l ca chtbo.

2. Tnh cht vt l:- iu kin thng nu trong phn t cgc HC no l cht rn, gc HC khng nol cht lng.- Tan t trong nc, tan nhiu trong ccdung mi hu c.nh hn nc

Hot ng 5 Tnh cht ha hc3. Tnh cht ha hc:gio n ho hc 12 c bn c nm chun kin thc k nng minm hc 2011-2012 . lin h t 01689218668 hoc0943926597

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* Da vo kin thc hc,yu cu HS rt ra cc tnhcht ha hc ca cht bo.Vit cc PTHH chng minh.

* GV b sung:

- Phn ng cng H2 ca chtbo lng dng chuynha cht bo lng thnhrn.- Du m lu ngy db i do trong phn t c linkt C=C nn b d oxi hachm to ra peoxit.

- C tnh cht nh l mt este.a. Phn ng thy phn trong nc:

(CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5 + 3H2O 2 4H SO

3CH3[CH2]16COOH +C3H5(OH)3b. Phn ng x phng ha:(CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH

0t

3CH3[CH2]16COONa +C3H5(OH)3c. Phn ng cng H2 ca cht bo lng:(C17H33COO)3C3H5 + H2

0t

(C17H35COO)3C3H5

Hot ng 6 ng dng

* Nu cc ng dng ca chtbo m chng ta bit ?

4. ng dng:- L thc n quan trng ca con ngi . . .- L nguyn liu tng hp mt scht cn thit khc trong c th . . .- Mt lng nh dng iu ch xphng.- Sn xut thc phm . . .

Hot ng 7 Cng c* Vit CTCT ca cht bong vi axit linoleicC17H31COOH.

(C17H31COO)3C3H5


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Tit 4: cht git raI. Mc tiu bi hc:1. Kin thc:

- HS bit: Khi nim v x phng, cht git ra tng hp.- HS hiu: Nguyn nhn to nn c tnh git ra ca x phng v

cht git ra tng hp.2. K nng:

- S dng hp l x phng v cht git ra tng hp.3. Tnh cm thi :- C thc s dng hp l c hiu qu x phng, cht git ra tng

hp.- Bo v ti nguyn, mi trng.

II. Ph ng php:- m thoi

III. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV v hc

sinh

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1 Kim tra bi c* Vit CTCT thu gn catrieste ca 2 axit: axitpanmitic v axit stearic.

- Este ca axit panmitic:(C15H31COO)3C3H5- Este ca axit stearic:(C17H35COO)3C3H5

Hot ng 2 X phng - Khi nim

* Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t rt ra khi nim v xphng v thnh phn ch

yu ca n.* GV b sung: Ngoi ra xphng cn c thm chtn: cht ty mu, chtdit khun . . .

I. X phng:1. Khi nim:- X phng thng dng l hn hp muinatri hoc kali ca axit bo, c thm mt

s ph gia khc.- Thnh phn ch yu ca x phng: lmui natri ca axit panmitic hoc stearic.

Hot ng 3 Phng php sn xut

* Cho HS nghin cu SGK,rt ra phng php sn xutx phng.

* GV b sung:- Quy trnh sn xut x

2. Ph ng php sn xut:- un cht bo vi dd kim trong thng kn nhit cao.(R-COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH

0t

R-COONa +C3H5(OH)3


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phng.- PP sn xut x phng ngynay, t yu cu HS ara s .

Hot ng 4 Cht git ra tng hp

* Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t rt ra khi nim v chtgit ra tng hp.

* Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t a ra s sn xutv VD c th.

II. Cht git ra tng hp:

1. Khi nim:- L nhng cht c tnh nng git ranh x phng.2. Ph ng php sn xut:- S sn xut:

- VD:CH3[CH2]11-C6H4SO3H 2 3Na CO

CH3[CH2]11-C6H4SO3Na

Hot ng 5 Tc dng ty ra ca x phng vcht git ra tng hp

* GV nu c ch ca qutrnh lm sch vt bn cax phng trn hnh v.

* T cho HS rt ra u nhcim ca mi loi.

III. Tc dng ty ra ca x phng v chtgit ra tng hp:- X phng: gim tc dng trong nc cngdo to kt ta vi kim loi trong nc cng.- Cht git ra tng hp: c tc dng git

ra trong nc cng

Hot ng 6 Cng cVit PTHH iu ch xphng t cht bo ca axitpanmitic

(CH3[CH2]14COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH0t

3CH3[CH2]14COONa +C3H5(OH)3


14

Ankan

Axitcacboxyli

c

Mui natri caaxit cacboxylic

Dum

Axitoexylbenzensu

nfonic

Natrioexylbenzen

sunfonat


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Tit 5: luyn tp: Este v cht boI. Mc tiu bi hc:1. Kin thc:

- Cng c kin thc v este v lipit.2. K nng:

- Gii bi tp v este.

II. Ph ng php:- m thoiIII. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

hot ng ca thy v hcsinh

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1 Kin thc cn nh

* GV yu cu HS tr li cc cuhi:- Khi nim este?- Cng thc tng qut ca este

1. Este ca axit cacboxylic:HS tr li cc cu hi theo yu cu:- Cng thc tng qut: RCOOR

CnH2n +1+COOCmH2m + 1- Tnh cht ho hc:


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no, n chc, mch h?- Cht bo?- Tnh cht ho hc ca este?

+ Phn ng thu phn.+ Phn ng x phng ho.

2. Lipit:- Cht bo: L trieste ca glixerol vaxit bo.- CTTQ: (RCOO)3C3H5

- Tnh cht ha hc: Tng t nh este.

Hot ng 2 Bi tp

* GV t chc HS hot ngtheo nhm 4 - 5 ngi, tho lun gii cc bi tp.

* Bi 1: Vit phng trnh phnng thc hin chuyn ho sau:

3 2 5 3 2 3

3 3 3

CH COOC H CH CH OH CH CHO

CH COOCH CH COOH

- HS lm vic theo nhm 4 - 5 ngi, tholun tm cch gii cc bi tp.- i din HS trnh by trc lp bi gii.

* Tr li bi 1: HS gii v rt ra kinthc:- Tnh cht ca este.- Phn ng oxi ho ancol bc I, anehit.

1. CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa+C2H5OH2. C2H5OH + CuO CH3CHO + Cu+ H2O3. CH3CHO + 1/2 O2 CH3COOH

4. CH3COOH + CH3OH 2 4H SO

CH3COOCH3+ H2O

Hot ng 2 Bi tp v nhn bit

* Bi tp 2: Bng phng phpho hc, nhn bit cc chtlng sau: CH3COOH,CH3COOCH3, HCHO, C6H5OH,C3H5(OH)3.- Vit PTHH minh ho cc phnng xy ra.

* HS tho lun rt ra c:- Nhn bit axit: qu tm.- Nhn bit anehit bng AgNO3/NH3- Nhn bit phenol bng dd Br2.- Nhn bit bng Cu(OH)2.- Cn li este.

Hot ng 3 Bi tp v este* Bi tp 3: Cht E l este no,n chc, mch h. X phngho hon ton 22 gam E cn

dng va 0,25 mol NaOH.Xc nh CTCT ca este.* GV hng dn.- t cng thc este.- Vit phng trnh phn ngxy ra.- Da vo PTHH, tm s moleste dng.- Tnh M n.

* HS gii theo hng dn:- t cng thc: RCOOR- PTHH:

RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa +ROH

0,25 0,25

880,25

2,2M ==

CnH2nO2 = 88 n = 4.CTPT: C4H8O2 HCOOC3H7

CH3COOC2H5CH3CH2COOCH3

Hot ng 4 Cng cgio n ho hc 12 c bn c nm chun kin thc k nng minm hc 2011-2012 . lin h t 01689218668 hoc0943926597

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* Yu cu HS so snh tnh chtha hc ca este v cht bo.

- Tnh cht ha hc ca este v chtbo l tng t nhau do u l este.

Hot ng 5: Hng dn v nhBi tp v nh: Lm bay hi 7,4 gam mt este no, n chc thu c mtth tch hi bng th tch ca 3,2 gam kh oxi trong cng iu kin.a. Tm cng thc phn t ca A.

b. Thc hin phn ng x phng ho 7,4 gam A vi dd NaOH n khi phnng hon ton thu c 6,8 gam mui. Tm cng thc cu to v gi tn A.


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hc k II

Tit 37: Luyn tp n mn kim loi

I. MC TIU1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v bn cht ca s n mn kim loi, cc

kiu n mn kim loi v chng n mn.2. K nng: K nng tnh ton lng kim loi iu ch theo cc phng

php hoc cc i lng c lin quan.3. Thi : Nhn thc c tc hi nghim trng ca s n mn kim loi,

nht l nc ta vo vng nhit i gi ma, nng nhiu v m cao. T, c thc v hnh ng c th bo v kim loi, tuyn truyn vvn ng mi ngi cng thc hin nhim v ny.II. CHUN B- Cc bi tp.III. ph ng PH P- Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm.IV. TIN TRNH BY DY

HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THCHot ng 1HS vn dng kin thc v lthuyt n mn kim loi chn p n ng.

Bi 1: S n mn kim loi khng phi lA. s kh kim loi. B. s oxi ho kim loiC. s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim dotc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng.D. s bin n cht kim loi thnh hpcht.

Hot ng 2 HS xc nh trong mi tr-ng hp, trng hp no l nmn ho hc, trng hp no ln mn in ho. GV yu cu HS cho bit cch ca qu trnh n mnin ho p n D.

Bi 2: inh st b n mn nhanh nhttrong trng hp no sau y ?A. Ngm trong dung dch HCl.B. Ngm trong dung dch HgSO4.C. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 long.D. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 longc nh thm vi git dung dch CuSO4.

Hot ng 3 Bi 3: St ty l st trng thic. Nu


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HS so snh hot ngho hc ca 2 kim loi bit c kh nng n mnca 2 kim loi Fe v Sn.

lp thic b xc su ti lp st th kimloi b n mn trc l:A. thicB. stC. c hai b n mn nh nhauD. khng kim loi b n mn

Hot ng 3: HS vn dngkin thc v n mn kim loiv lin h n kin thc cacuc sng ch p nng nht.

Bi 4: Sau mt ngy lao ng, ngi taphi lm v sinh b mt kim loi ca ccthit b my mc, dng c lao ng.Vic lm ny c mc ch chnh l g ?

A. kim loi sng bng p mt.B. khng gy nhim mi tr-

ng.C. khng lm bn qun o khi

lao ng.D. kim loi b n mn.

Hot ng 4 GV ?: Trong s cc hocht cho, ho cht no ckh nng n mn kim loi ? HS chn p n ng vgii thch.

Bi 5: Mt s ho cht c trn ngnt c khung lm bng kim loi. Sau mtthi gian, ngi ta thy khung kim loi bg. Ho cht no sau y c kh nnggy ra hin tng trn ?

A. Etanol B. Dy nhmC. Du ho D. Axit

clohiric

Hot ng 5HS vn dng nh ngha v

s n mn ho hc v n mnin ho chn p nng.

Bi 6: S ph hu kim loi hay hp kim dokim loi tc dng trc tip vi cc cht oxiho trong mi trng c gi l

A. s kh kim loi.B. s tc dng ca kim loi vi nc.C. s n mn ho hc. D. s n mn in ho hc.

Hot ng 6 GV ?: Ban u xy ra qu

trnh n mn ho hc hay nmn in ho ? V sao tc thot kh ra li b chmli ? Khi thm vo vi git dungdch CuSO4 th c phn ngho hc no xy ra ? V khi xy ra qu trnh n mnloi no ?

Bi 7: Khi iu ch H2 t Zn v dungdch H2SO4 long, nu thm mt vi gitdung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch axit ththy kh H2 thot ra nhanh hn hn. Hygii thch hin tng trn.Gii

Ban u Zn tip xc trc tip vi dungdch H2SO4 long v b n mn ho hc.Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2Kh H2 sinh ra bm vo b mt l Zn ,

ngn cn s tip xc gia Zn v H2SO4nn phn ng xy ra chm. Khi thm vo vi git dung dchCuSO4, c phn ng:Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + CuCu to thnh bm vo Fe to thnh cpin cc v Fe b n mn in ho.

- cc m (Fe): Km b oxi ho.


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Zn - 2e Zn2+

- cc dng (Cu): Cc ion H+ ca dungdch H2SO4 long b kh thnh kh H2.2H+ + 2e H2H2 thot ra cc ng, nn Zn b nmn nhanh hn, phn ng xy ra mnh

hn.

Hot ng 7 GV ?: Khi ngm hp kim Cu Zn trong dung dch HCl thkim loi no b n mn ? HS da vo lng kh H2 thuc, tnh lng Zn c trong hpkim v t xc nh %khi lng ca hp kim.

Bi 8: Ngm 9g hp kim Cu - Zn trongdung dch HCl d thu c 896 ml H2(kc). Xc nh % khi lng ca hp kim.GiiNgm hp kim Cu - Zn trong dung dchHCl d, ch c Zn phn ng.Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

nZn = nH2 =0,0

22,4

0,986=

%Zn =28,89.100

90,04.65 =

%Cu =71,11%

Tit 38: Luyn tp iu ch kim loi

I. MC TIU1. Kin thc:

- Cng c kin thc v nguyn tc iu ch kim loi v cc phng phpiu ch kim loi.2. K nng:

- K nng tnh ton lng kim loi iu ch theo cc phng php hoc cci lng c lin quan.

II. CHUN B


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- Cc bi tp.III. phng PHP- Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm.IV. TIN TRNH BY DY

HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1 HS nhc li cc phng phpiu ch kim loi v phm vip dng ca mi phng php. GV ?: Kim loi Ag, Mg hotng ho hc mnh hay yu ?Ta c th s dng phng phpno iu ch kim loi Ag

t dung dch AgNO3, kim loiMg t dung dch MgCl2 ? HS vn dng cc kin thcc lin quan gii quyt biton.

Bi 1: Bng nhng phng php no cth iu ch c Ag t dung dchAgNO3, iu ch Mg t dung dchMgCl2 ? Vit cc phng trnh ho hc.Gii1. T dung dch AgNO3 iu ch Ag.C 3 cch: Dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion Ag+.Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag

in phn dung dch AgNO3:4AgNO3 + 2H2O 4Ag +O2+4HNO3pdd

C cn dung dch ri nhit phnAgNO3:

2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2t0

2. T dung dch MgCl2 iu ch Mg:ch c 1 cch l c cn dung dch riin phn nng chy:

MgCl2 Mg +Cl2pnc

Hot ng 2 HS- Vit PTHH ca phn ng.- Xc nh khi lng AgNO3 c

trong 250g dung dch v s

mol AgNO3 phn ng. GV pht vn dn dtHS tnh c khi lng ca vtsau phn ng theo cng thc:mvt sau phn ng =

mCu(b)- mCu(phn ng) +mAg(bm vo)

Bi 2: Ngm mt vt bng ng ckhi lng 10g trong 250g dung dchAgNO3 4%. Khi ly vt ra th khi lngAgNO3 trong dung dch gim 17%.a) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phnng v cho bit vai tr ca cc chttham gia phn ng.b) Xc nh khi lng ca vt sau phnng.Giia) PTHH

Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Agb) Xc nh khi lng ca vt sauphn ngKhi lng AgNO3 c trong 250g dd:

(g)10.4100

250=

S mol AgNO3 tham gia phn ng l:

(mol)0,01100.170

10.17=

Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 +

2Ag0,005 0,01gio n ho hc 12 c bn c nm chun kin thc k nng minm hc 2011-2012 . lin h t 01689218668 hoc0943926597

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0,01Khi lng vt sau phn ng l:10 + (108.0,01) - (64.0,005+ = 10,76(g)

Hot ng 3 GV hng dn HS gii quytbi tp.

Bi 3: kh hon ton 23,2g mt oxitkim loi, cn dng 8,96 lt H2 (kc). Kim

loi lA. Mg B. Cu C. Fe

D. CrGiiMxOy + yH2 xM + yH2OnH2 = 0,4 nO(oxit) = nH2 = 0,4 mkim loi trong oxit = 23,2 - 0,4.16 =16,8 (g)

x : y = M

16,

: 0,4. Thay gi tr nguyn

t khi ca cc kim loi vo biu thctrn ta tm c gi tr M bng 56 l phhp vi t l x : y.

Hot ng 4 GV ?:- Trong s 4 kim loi cho,

kim loi no phn ng c vidung dch HCl ? Ho tr cakim loi trong mui clorua thuc c im g ging nhau ?

- Sau phn ng gia kim loivi dd HCl th kim loi ht haykhng ? HS gii quyt bi ton trnc s hng dn ca GV.

Bi 4: Cho 9,6g bt kim loi M vo 500ml dung dch HCl 1M, khi phn ng ktthc thu c 5,376 lt H2 (kc). Kim loiM l:A. Mg B. Ca C. Fe D.BaGii

nH2 = 5,376/22,4 = 0,24 (mol)nHCl = 0,5.1 = 0,5 (mol)M + 2HCl MCl2 + H20,24 0,48 0,24nHCl(p) = 0,48 < nHCl(b) = 0,5 Kim loi ht, HCl d

M =40

0,24

9,6=

M l Ca

Hot ng 5 HS lp 1 phng trnh linh gia ho tr ca kim loi vkhi lng mol ca kim loi. GV theo di, gip HS giiquyt bi ton.

Bi 5: in phn nng chy muiclorua kim loi M. catot thu c 6g kim

loi v anot thu c 3,36 lt kh (kc)thot ra. Mui clorua lA. NaCl B. KClC. BaCl2 D. CaCl2GiinCl2 = 0,152MCln 2M + nCl2

0.3/n 0,15

M = n0,3

6

= 20n n = 2 & M = 40 Ml Ca


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Tit 39: Bi thc hnh s 3tnh cht, iu ch kim loi, s n mn kim loi


- Cng c kin thc v: dy in ha ca kim loi, iu ch kim loi,s n mn kim loi.

2. K nng:

- Tip tc rn luyn cc k nng thc hnh ha hc: lm vic vi dngc th nghim, ha cht, quan st hin tng.

- Vn dng gii thch cc vn lin quan v dy in ha cakim loi, v s n mn kim loi, chng n mn kim loi.

II. Ph ng php:- m thoi kt hp vi TN thc hnh.

III. Chun b:- Dng c: ng nghim, gi th nghim, n cn, ko, da . . .- Ha cht: + Kim loi: Na, Mg, Fe.

+ Dd: HCl, H2SO4, CuSO4.IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng 1. Chia t thc hnh- Gio vin chia theo t ca lp thnh bn t thc hnh.

Hot ng 2. Th nghim 1: Dy in ha ca kim loi* Cch tin hnh: Ly 3 ng nghim, mi ng khong 3 ml ddHCl long.Cho 3 mu kim loi c kch thc tng ng l Al, Fe v Cu vo 3 ngnghim. Yu cu HS quan st, so snh lng kh H2 thot ra. T rt rakt lun v mc hot ng ca kim loi.

Hot ng 3. Th nghim 2: iu ch kim loi bng cch dng kim

loi mnh kh ion kim loi yu trong dung dch


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* Cch tin hnh: nh sch g mt chic inh st ri th vo dung dchCuSO4. Sau khong 10 pht, quan st mu ca chic inh st v mu cadung dch. T rt ra kt lun v vit phng trnh ha hc.

Hot ng 4. Th nghim 3: n mn in ha* Cch tin hnh:- Rt vo hai ng nghim, mi ng khong 3 ml dd H2SO4 long v cho vo

mi ng mt mu km. Quan st bt kh thot ra.- Nh thm 2 - 3 git dd CuSO4 vo mt trong hai ng. So snh lng bt khthot ra hai ng. Rt ra kt lun v gii thch.

Hot ng 5. Vit bn tng trnh thc hnh.

Tit 40, 41: kim loi kim vhp cht Quan trng ca kim loi kim

I. Mc tiu bi hc:1. Kin thc:HS bit:

- V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca kim loi kim.- Tnh cht v ng dng mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim.

- Nguyn tc v phng php iu ch kim loi kim.HS hiu:- Nguyn nhn tnh kh mnh ca cc kim loi kim.

2. K nng:- Lm mt s th nghim n gin v kim loi kim.- Gii bi tp v kim loi kim.

II. Ph ng php:- m thoi kt hp vi phng tin trc quan.

III. Chun b:- Bng tun hon.- Dng c, ha cht: Na, bnh ng O2, bnh ng kh Cl2, NaOH

rn, cc thy tinh, nc, dao, mui Fe.


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Hot ng ca gv v hcsinh

Hot ng ca hc sinh

Hot ng 1 V tr - Cu hnh electron

* GV cho HS nghin cu bngtun hon, t hy nu vtr ca kim loi kim trongbng tun hon v cu hnhelectron.

A. Kim loi kim

I. V tr trong bng tun hon, cu hnhelectron nguyn t:- Kim loi kim thuc nhm IA trong bngtun hon, gm cc nguyn t: Li, Na, K,Rb, Cs v Fr- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng: ns1

Hot ng 2 Tnh cht vt l

* GV cho HS quan st mukim loi kim Na v bng 6.1

trong SGK, t yu cu HShy nu tnh cht vt cc kimloi km.* GV hng dn HS t giithch c cc tnh cht vtl ca cc kim loi kim.

II. Tnh cht vt l:- Kim loi kim c mu trng bc v nhkim, dn in tt.

- Nhit nng chy v nhit sithp. Khi lng ring nh, cng thp.- Tnh cht trn l do kim loi kim cmng tinh th lp phng tm khi cutrc rng dn n nhit nng chyv nhit si thp. Khi lng ring nh, cng thp.

Hot ng 3 Tnh cht ha hc

* GV cho HS tho lun gii quyt cc vn sau:- S oxi ha c trng cakim loi kim.- Tnh cht ha hc c tr-ng ca cc kim loi kim.- Vit cc PTHH chng minhtnh cht .

III. Tnh cht ha hc:* Tnh cht ha hc c trng: Tnh khmnh v tng dn khi i t Li n xeri.

M M+ + 1e- S oxi ha c trng l +1.1. Tc dng vi phi kim:a. Tc dng vi oxi:- 2Na + O2 Na2O2 (natri peoxit)- 4Na + O2 2Na2O (natri oxit)b. Tc dng vi Clo:- 2K + Cl2 2KCl2. Tc dng vi axit:- Tt c cc kim loi kim u n khi

tip xc vi axit.2Na + 2HCl 2NaCl + H23. Tc dng vi n c:- 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2

Hot ng 4 ng dng - Trng thi t nhin - iuch

* Cho HS nghin cu SGK vtr li cc vn sau:- ng dng ca kim loi kim.- Trng thi tn ti ca kim loikim trong t nhin.

IV. ng dng - Trng thi t nhin - iuch:1. ng dng:- Ch to hp kim c nng chy thp:VD: Hp kim Natri - Kali . . .- Ch to hp kim siu nh: VD: liti -


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* Trn c s bi iu ch

kim loi. Yu cu HS nunguyn tc iu ch cckim loi kim.

nhm.- Xeri lm t bo quang in.2. Trng thi t nhin:- Trong t nhin cc kim loi kim chtn ti di dng hp cht. Trong nc binc mt lng ln NaCl . . .

3. iu ch:- iu ch kim loi kim cn phikh ion ca chng bng dng in(in phn nng chy).2NaCl pnc 2Na + Cl2

Hot ng 5 Natri hidroxit

* GV cho HS quan st NaOH,t yu cu nu tnh chtha hc ca NaOH.

* Em hy nu tnh cht hahc ca NaOH. Vit cc PTHHchng minh.

* Em hy nu cc ng dngca natri hidroxit m embit.

b. Mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loikim

I. Natri hidroxit:1. Tnh cht:

a. Tnh cht vt l:- L cht rn, khng mu, d nng chyv ht m mnh.- Tan nhiu trong nc v ta nhit mnh.b. Tnh cht ha hc:- L mt baz mnh do trong nc in lihon ton cho ion OH-.NaOH Na+ + OH-

- PTHH:* CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O

CO2 + 2OH- 23CO + H2O

* HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2OH+ + OH- H2O* CuSO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 +Cu(OH)2Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)22. ng dng:- L ha cht quan trng ch ng sauaxit sunfuric.- c dng nu x phng, ch phmnhum, t nhn to . . .

Hot ng 6 Natri hidrocacbonat

* Cho HS tho lun t ara tnh cht vt l v hahc ca natri hidrocacbonat.- Vit PTHH minh ha tnhcht .

II. Natri hidrocacbonat:1. Tnh cht:a. Tnh cht vt l:- L cht rn mu trng, t tan trong n-c.b. Tnh cht ha hc:- D b phn hy bi nhit .2NaHCO3

0t Na2CO3 + CO2 +H2O

- NaHCO3 c tnh lng tnh


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* Nu cc ng dng caNaHCO3 m em bit.

NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 +H2ONaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O2. ng dng:- NaHCO3 c dng trong cng nghip dcphm (ch thuc au d dy) v cng

nghip thc phm (lm bt n).Hot ng 7 Natri cacbonat

* GV cho HS nghin cu SGKt tr li cc vn sau:- Tnh cht vt l v tnhcht ha hc ca Na2CO3.- Cc ng dng ca Na2CO3.

III. Natri cacbonat:1. Tnh cht:- Na2CO3 l cht rn mu trng, tannhiu trong nc.- Na2CO3 c nhng tnh cht chung camui.- Mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim trongnc cho mi trng kim.

2. ng dng:- Na2CO3 l ha cht quan trng trongcng nghip thy tinh, bt git, phmnhum . . .

Hot ng 8 Kali nitrat

* GV cho HS nghin cu SGKt tr li cc vn sau:- Tnh cht vt l v tnhcht ha hc ca KNO3.- Cc ng dng ca KNO3.

IV. Kali nitrat:1. Tnh cht:- KNO3 l tinh th khng mu, bn trongkhng kh v tan nhiu trong nc.- B phn hy bi nhit .2KNO3

0t 2KNO2 + O22. ng dng:- Dng lm phn bn.- Ch to thuc n

Hot ng 9. Cng cCu 1. Kim loi kim c nhit nng chy thp v mm l do yu tno sau y?A. Khi lng ring nhB. Th tch nguyn t ln v khi lng nguyn t nhC. in tch ca ion nh (+1), mt electron thp, lin kt kim loi

km bnD. Tnh kh mnh hn cc kim loi khcCu 2. bo qun cc kim loi kim cn phi lm g?A. Ngm chng vo nc B. Gi chng trong l c npy knC. Ngm chng trong ru nguyn cht D. Ngm chng trong du hoCu 3. Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch NaCl, cc m xy raqu trnh g?A. S kh ion Na+ B. S oxi ho ion Na+

C. S kh phn nc D. S oxi ho phn t ncCu 4. Cho 6,08 gam hn hp NaOH v KOH tc dng ht vi dung dch


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HCl to ra 8,30gam hn hp mui clorua. S gam hiroxit trong hn hpln lt l bao nhiu?A. 2,4gam v 3,68gam B. 1,6gam v 4,48gamC. 3,2gam v 2,88gam D. 0,8gam v 5,28 gamCu 5. Nhng c im no sau y l chung cho cc kim loi

kim?A. Bn kinh nguyn t B. S lp electronC. S electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t D. in tch ht nhn canguyn tCu 6. Nung nng 100 gam hn hp gm NaCO3 v NaHCO3 cho nkhi lng khng i cn li 69 gam cht rn. Thnh phn % khi lngmi cht trong hn hp u l.A. 63% v 37% B. 84% v 16% C. 42% v 58% D. 21% v 79%


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giao an hoa hoc 12 ca nam chuan kien thuc ky nangmoi 20112012

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