giao an 10 co ban

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012

Th su ngy 20 thng 08 nm 2010

Tit th 1:

N TP U NM

Kin thc c c lin quan Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh Nhng khi nim c bn: Nguyn t ho hc, Cng c kin thc v cc khi nim c bn, k nng phn ng ho hc, cht tinh khit, ho tr, n lp CTHH, xc nh ho tr, phn bit cc loi hp cht, hp cht, nguyn t ... cht v c, cn bng phng trnh ho hc

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc: Gip HS nh li cc kin thc hc lp 8 v 9*Cc khi nim: n cht, hp cht, nguyn t, nguyn t ha hc, ha tr, phn ng ho hc, ... *S phn loi cc hp cht v c. 2.K nng: Rn cho HS k nng gii cc dng bi: *Tm ha tr, lp cng thc hp cht *Phn bit cc loi hp cht v c *Cn bng phng trnh ho hc 3.Thi : To nn mng c bn ca mn ho hc II.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- kt nhm.

III. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: ch (powerpoint cng tt) *Hc sinh: n li kin thc c

IV. TIN TRNH BI DY: 1.n nh lp: Lm quen lp, kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (0 pht) 3.Bi mi:a. t vn : Chng ta lm quen vi mn ho hc chng trnh lp 8, 9. By gi chng ta s n li mt s kin thc c bn cn phi nm tip tc nghin cu v mn ho hc b. Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: I. Mt s khi nim c bn Mc tiu: Cng c kin thc v cc khi nim c bnTr chi ch Hc sinh ln lt tr li cc t hng ngang tm ra mt t cha kho c ghp t cc ch ci c c cc hng ngang * Hng ngang 1: C 13 ch ci: Cht khng ln bt c mt cht no khc ( vd: Nc ct) gi l g? Ch trong t cha kha: H, C * Hng ngang 2: C 7 ch ci: y l loi cht c to nn t 2 hay nhiu nguyn t ho hc Ch trong t cha kha: H * Hng ngang 3: C 6 ch ci: y l ht i din cho cht, gm mt s nguyn t lin kt vi nhau v th hin y tnh cht ca cht Ch trong t cha kha: P, H * Hng ngang 4: C 8 ch ci: : y l khi nim :L ht v cng nh v trung ha v in Ch trong t cha kha: N, * Hng ngang 5: C 14 ch ci: L tp hp cc nguyn t cng loi c cng s p trong ht nhn 1 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 Ch trong t cha kha: A * Hng ngang 6: C 6 ch ci: L con s biu th kh nng lin kt ca nguyn t hoc nhm nguyn t Ch trong t cha kha: O * Hng ngang 7: C 14 ch ci: Hin tng cht bin i m vn gi nguyn l cht ban u Ch trong t cha kha: N,G * Hng ngang 8 : C 14 ch ci: Dng biu din cht gm 1,2 hay 3 KHHH v ch s mi chn k hiu. Ch trong t cha kha: O,A Gi t cha kha: Qu trnh lm bin i t cht ny thnh cht khc ch

C H

N

C

T H P G U N H H I N

T P H Y G O G

I C U A N T

N H N N Y T T H

H T T R

K T N I C

H

I

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T N H

G O V A H T O L C Y

cha kha: phn ng ha hc (Phn ng ho hc l qu trnh bin i cht ny thnh cht khc) Hot ng 2: Ho tr Mc tiu: Cng c kin thc v ho tr, rn luyn k nng xc nh ho tr v lp cng thc ho hc II. Ho tr-Ha tr l con s biu th kh nng lin kt ca nt nt ny vi nt ca nt khc. -Ha tr ca mt nt c xc nh theo ha tr ca nt Hidro (c chn lm n v) v ha tr ca nt Oxi (l hai n v). -Qui tc ha tr: gi a,b l ha tr ca nguyn t A,B. Trong cng thc AxBy ta c: AaxBby a*x = b*y a 2 Vd: Al 2O 3 ta c 2*a = 3*2 a = 3

GV: Nhc li N ho tr - Ho tr ca H, O l bao nhiu?

a b GV: Ly Vd vi cng thc ho hc Ax By th quy tc ho tr c vit nh th no?

HS: Tnh ha tr ca cc nt trong cc cthc: H2S; NO2

Hot ng 3: Phn bit cc loi hp cht v c Mc tiu: Cng c kin thc v cc loi hp cht v c, rn k nng phn bit cc loi hp cht -Hs lm vic c nhn: Mt s hc sinh ln bng, III. Phn bit cc loi hp cht v chc sinh khc nhn xt, b sung - Gv: Nhc li khi nim oxit, axit, baz Ghp ni thng tin ct A vi ct B sao cho ph hp Tn hp cht Ghp Loi cht

1. axit 2. mui 3. baz 4. oxit axitGio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

a. SO2; CO2; P2O5 b. Cu(OH)2; Ca(OH)2 c. H2SO4; HCl d. NaCl ; BaSO42

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012

5. oxit baz Hot ng 4: Cn bng phn ng ho hc Mc tiu: Rn k nng cn bng phng trnh ho hc Hon thnh PTHH sau, cho bit cc PT trn thuc IV. Cn bng phn ng ho hcloi phn ng no? CaO + HCl Fe2O3 + H2 Na2O + H2O Hon thnh PTHH, xc nh loi phn ng: CaCl2 + H2O Fe + H2O NaOH CaO + 2HCl Fe2O3 + 3H2 Na2O + H2Ot

CaCl2 + H2O ( P/ th) 2NaOH( P/ ha hp)

2Fe + 3H2O( P/ oxi ha) Al2O3 + 3H2O( P/ phn hy)

Al(OH)3 t Al2O3 + H2O Hs lm vic theo nhm, c i din nhm ln bng Nhm khc nhn xt, gv nhn xt, gii thch

2Al(OH)3

4. Cng c:- Lp CTHH ca Al ho tr III v nhm OH ho tr I to - Cn bng phn ng ho hc sau: Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + H2O

5. Dn d: V nh xem li cc khi nim, cng thc lin quan n dung dch Rt kinh nghim:.............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................


Tit th 2:

N TP U NM (tip)Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh Rn luyn k nng tnh mol, nng mol, nng phn trm

Kin thc c c lin quan - Khi nim v mol, cng thc tnh - Nng dung dch

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc: Gip HS nh li cc kin thc hc lp 8 v 9: Cc cng thc tnh, cc i lngha hc: mol, t khi, nng dung dch. 2.K nng: Rn cho HS k nng gii cc dng bi: *Tnh lng cht, khi lng, ... *Nng dung dch. 3.Thi : To nn mng c bn ca mn ho hc 3 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 II.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- kt nhm.

III. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: La chn bi tp, gio n *Hc sinh: n bi c

IV. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: Trong qu trnh n tp, kt hp ly im kim tra ming 3.Bi mi: a. t vn : t nn tng vng chc cho mn ho hc cn nm c nhng khi nim, nhng cng thc tnh n gin nht, c bn nht, nn chng ta cn n li tht k phn ny. b. Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

-

Hot ng 1: Khi nim v mol Mc tiu: Cng c khi nim v mol v cng thc tnh V. Khi nim v mol : Gv pht vn hs v mol, cng thc tnh, cho 1/ nh ngha : v d Mol l lng cht cha 6,023.1023 ht vi m (nguyn t, phn t, ion). Gv thng tin cho hs cng thc tnh s mol Vd : 1 mol nguyn t Na(23g) cha 6,023.1023 ht iu kin thng nguyn t Na. 2/ Mt s cng thc tnh mol : Hs lm vic c nhn: Tnh s mol ca 28 m * Vi cc cht : n = M gam Fe; 2,7 gam nhm; 11,2 lt kh oxi (ktc) * Vi cht kh : Hs ln bng trnh by - Cht kh iu kin tiu chun (OoC, 1atm)n= V 22,4

-

Gv nhn xt, nhc li cho hs nh v t khi cht kh: Cng thc : M M dA = A dA = A ; B MB kk 29

- Cht kh toC, p (atm) p t p:a sua(atm) T = toC + 273 p.V n= R.T R = 22.4 = 0,082 273 tchkh (l) V :the

Hot ng 2: nh lut bo ton khi lng Mc tiu: Cng c, rn k nng tnh khi lng theo nh lut bo ton khi lng VI. nh lut bo ton khi lng Gv cho phn ng tng qut, yu cu hs vit biu Khi c p: thc cho LBTKL A +B C+D p dng LBTKL ta c: mA + m B = mC + mD msp = mtham gia Vd: cho 6,50 gam Zn p vi lng va dung Hs lm vic theo nhm, i din hs ln bng, nhm dch cha7,1 gam axit HCl thu c 0,2 gam kh khc b sung H2. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh sau p? Gv nhn xt, gii thch Gii Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 4 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 6,5g 7,1g xg 0,2g p dng LBTKL ta c: 6,5 + 7,1 = x + 0,2 x = 13,4g Hot ng 3: Nng dung dch Mc tiu: Cng c v rn k nng tnh nng mol, nng phn trm - Gv pht vn hs v cng thc tnh nng %, VII. Nng dung dch : nng mol/lit, hng dn hs tm ra cng thc 1/ Nng phn trm (C%). lin h gia 2 loi nng (thng tin v ct tnh m C% = ct100% mdd) mdd - Hs lm vic theo nhm 2/ Nng mol (CM hay [ ]) - Gv gii thch, kt lun n CM hay[] = ct Vdd : th tch dung dch(lit) Vdd

3/ Cng thc lin h : mdd = V.D (= mdmi +mct)CM = 10.C%.D M

lu : V (ml) ; D (g/ml)

- Gv yu cu hs cho bit tan l g? - Gv kt lun

4/ tan: tan ( s ) c tnh bng s gam ca cht ha tan trong 100g nc to thnh dung dch bo ha mt nhit xc nh

4. Cng c: Bi tp1)Tnh s mol cc cht sau: a) 3,9g K; 11,2g Fe; 55g CO2; 58g Fe3O4 b) 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc); 10,08 lt SO2 (ktc); 3,36 lt H2 (ktc) c) 24 lt O2 (27,30C v 1 atm); 12 lt O2 (27,30C v 2 atm); 15lt H2 (250C v 2atm). Bi tp2)Tnh nng mol ca cc dung dch sau: a) 500 ml dung dch A cha 19,88g Na2SO4. b) 200ml dung dch B cha 16g CuSO4. c) 200 ml dung dch C cha 25g CuSO4.2H2O. Bi tp3) Tnh nng phn trm ca cc dung dch sau: a) 500g dung dch A cha 19,88g Na2SO4. b) 200g dung dch B cha 16g CuSO4. c) 200 g dung dch C cha 25g CuSO4.2H2O. 5. Dn d: - Lm bi tp: Ha tan 8,4 g Fe bng dung dch HCl 10,95%(va ) a. Tnh th tch kh thu c (KTC) b. Tnh khi lng axit cn dng c. Tnh nng % ca dd sau phn ng - c trc bi 1: Thnh phn nguyn t Rt kinh nghim: .............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 .............................................................................................................................................................

Th by ngy 28 thng 08 nm 2010

Tit th 3:

CHNG I: NGUYN T Bi 1: THNH PHN NGUYN TKin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - S tm ra electron, ht nhn, proton, ntron - C th c im cc loi ht trong nguyn t: in tch, khi lng...

Kin thc c c lin quan - Thnh phn cu to nguyn t - Du in tch electron, proton

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc: Bit c : Nguyn t gm ht nhn mang in tch dng v v nguyn t mang in tch m ; Kch thc, khi lng ca nguyn t. Ht nhn gm cc ht proton v ntron. K hiu, khi lng v in tch ca electron, proton v ntron. 2.K nng: So snh khi lng ca electron vi proton v ntron. So snh kch thc ca ht nhn vi electron v vi nguyn t. 3.Thi : Kch thch s hng th vi b mn, pht huy kh nng t duy ca hc sinh II TRNG TM; Nguyn t gm 3 loi ht: p, n, e (k hiu, khi lng v in tch) III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn

IV. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: M hnh th nghim m phng ca Tom-xn pht hin ra tia m cc v ca R--pho khm ph ra ht nhn nguyn t *Hc sinh: Chun b bi mi trc khi n lp. 6 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (5 pht) Kim tra vic lm bi tp nh 3.Bi mi: a. t vn : Nguyn t c to nn t nhng loi ht no? Chng ta hc lp 8. Hm nay chng ta s tm hiu r hn v in tch, khi lng, kch thc ca chng b. Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1; Thnh phn cu to ca nguyn t

Mc tiu: Bit s tm ra electron, ht nhn nguyn t, proton, ntron, c im ca tng loi ht Hiu thnh phn cu to ca nguyn t, so snh khi lng electron vi p, n I. THNH PHN CU TO CA NGUYN T: 1. Electron (e): -Gv:Electron do ai tm ra v c tm ra S tm ra electron: Nm 1897, J.J. Thomson (Tmnm no? xn, ngi Anh ) tm ra tia m cc gm nhng -Hs tr li ht nh gi l electron(e). -Gv: Trinh chiu m hnh s th Khi lng v in tch ca e: nghim tm ra tia m cc, yu cu hs + me = 9,1094.10-31kg. nhn xt c tnh ca tia m cc + qe = -1,602.10-19 C(coulomb) = -1 (vt m, k - Gv yu cu hs cho bit khi lng, in hiu l e0). tch ca electron Gv kt lun 2. S tm ra ht nhn nguyn t: - Ht nhn c tm ra nm no, do ai? Nm 1911, E.Rutherford( R-d-pho, ngi Anh) - Gv trnh chiu m hnh th nghim bn dng tia bn ph mt l vng mng chng minh ph l vng tm ra ht nhn nt. rng: - Hs nhn xt v cu to ca nguyn t -Nguyn t c cu to rng, phn mang in tch - Gv kt lun dng l ht nhn, rt nh b. -Xung quanh ht nhn c cc e chuyn ng rt nhanh to nn lp v nguyn t. -Khi lng nguyn t hu nh tp trung vo ht nhn ( v khi lng e rt nh b). 3. Cu to ht nhn nguyn t: - Proton c tm ra vo nm no, bng a) S tm ra proton: th nghim g? Nm 1918, Rutherford tm thy ht proton(k hiu p) - Gv thng tin v khi lng, in tch trong ht nhn nguyn t: Gi tr in tch p bng vi electron mp = 1,6726. 10-27kg. p nhng tri du; qe = 1- th qp = 1+ qp = +1,602. 10-19Coulomb(=1+ hay e0,tc 1 n v .tch dng) b) S tm ra ntron: - Gv thng tin, yu cu hs so snh khi Nm 1932,J.Chadwick(Chat-uch) tm ra ht ntron (k lng ca electron vi p v n hiu n) trong ht nhn nguyn t: - Hs kt lun mn ; mp . n qn = 0 . c) Cu to ca ht nhn nguyn t: Trong ht nhn nguyn t c cc proton v ntron. - Cc em c th kt lun g v ht nhn p = e nguyn t ? - Gv kt lun 7 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 Hot ng 2: Kch thc v khi lng ca nguyn t Mc tiu: Bit s chnh lch kch thc gia ht nhn v nguyn t v so snh, Bit n v o kch thc nguyn t, n v o khi lng nguyn t II/ KCH THC V KHI LNG CA NGUYN T: 1. Kch thc nguyn t: - Gv thng tin Ngi ta biu th kch thc nguyn t bng: + 1nm(nanomet)= 10- 9 m 1 nm = 10A + 1A0 (angstrom)= 10-10 m -Nguyn t H c bn knh khong Nguyn t c kch thc rt ln so vi kch 0,053nmng knh khong 0,1nm, 101 nm thc ht nhn ( 5 = 10.000 ln). dng knh ht nhn nguyn t nh hn 10 nm nhiu, khong 10-5nmEm hy xem de,p 10-8nm. ng knh nguyn t v ht nhn chnh 2. Khi lng nguyn t: lch nhau nh th no? Do khi lng tht ca 1 nguyn t qu b, - Hs tnh ton, tr li ngi ta dng n v khi lng nguyn t - Gv minh ho v d phng i nt u(vC). 1 u = 1/12 khi lng 1 nguyn t ng v - Gv thng tin, yu cu hs nghin cu cacbon 12 = 1,6605.10-27kg.(xem bng 1/trang 8 bng 1/8 sch GK 10).0

4. Cng c: Cho hc sinh c li bng 1/8 sch gio khoa. 1, 2/trang 9 SGK v 6/trang 4 sch BT 5. Dn d: 3,4,5/trang 9/SGK v 1.1,1.2, 1.5/3 v 4 sch BT. Lm cu hi trc nghim. Chun b bi 2 Rt kinh nghim: .............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

8 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012


Tit th 4: HT NHN NGUYN T- NGUYN T HO HC-NG V (tit 1)Kin thc c c lin quan - Cu to ca ht nhn nguyn t - Nguyn t ho hc - S khi, in tch ht nhn, s hiu nguyn t - ng v Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - nh ngha NTHH mi - K hiu nguyn t - in tch ht nhn l c trng ca nguyn t

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc:Hiu c : Nguyn t ho hc bao gm nhng nguyn t c cng s n v in tch ht nhn. S hiu nguyn t (Z) bng s n v in tch ht nhn v bng s electron c trong nguyn t. K hiu nguyn t : A X. X l k hiu ho hc ca nguyn t, s khi (A) l tng s ht proton v s Z ht ntron. Khi nim ng v ca mt nguyn t. 2.K nng: Xc nh s electron, s proton, s ntron khi bit k hiu nguyn t ngc li. 3.Thi : Pht huy kh nng t duy ca hc sinh

II. TRNG TM: c trng ca nguyn t l in tch ht nhn (s p) nu c cng in tch ht nhn (s p) th cc nguyn t u thuc cng mt nguyn t ha hc, khi s n khc nhau s tn ti cc ng v. Cch tnh s p, e, n III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- kt nhm.

IV. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Gio n *Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (8 pht) Cho bit thnh phn cu to nguyn t v c im ca tng loi ht? Tr li cc cu trc nghim 1, 2, 3 / 9 sch GK Kim tra tp bi lm ca 1 s hc sinh. 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Ta bit ht nhn nguyn t to nn t cc ht proton v ntron v c kch thc rt nh b. Hm nay chng ta s tm hiu v nhng vn lin quan xung quanh s n v in tch ht nhn b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: Ht nhn nguyn t Mc tiu: Hiu v ht nhn nguyn t; Bit cch tnh v rn luyn tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh, tnh cc loi ht da vo s khi v s hiu I/ HT NHN NGUYN T: 1.in tch ht nhn: 9 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 - Gv: in tch ht nhn nguyn t c xc -Ht nhn c Z proton in tch ht nhn l +Z. nh da vo u? -S n v in tch ht nhn Z = s proton = s - Hs tr li electron . nguyn t trung ha v in . - Gv: S khi A c xc nh nh th no? - Hs tr li 2.S khi (A): = S proton(Z) + S ntron(N) - Gv ly vd cho hs tnh s khi A= Z + N S n v in tch ht nhn Z v s khi A c trng c bn cho ht nhn v nguyn t. Hot ng 2: Nguyn t ho hc Mc tiu: Bit nh ngha mi v nguyn t ho hc, hiu k hiu nguyn t II/ NGUYN T HA HC: - Gv: Trong phn n tp u nm, chng ta c 1. nh ngha: nhc n nguyn t ho hc, em no c th Nguyn t ha hc gm nhng nguyn t c cng nhc li nh ngha? in tch ht nhn . - Hs tr liGv kt lun 2. S hiu nguyn t (Z): - Gv thng tin S n v in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca 1 nguyn t c gi l s hiu ca nguyn t , k hiu l Z. 3. K hiu nguyn t: - Gv ly mt s v d hs xc nh s khi, Nguyn t X c s khi A v s hiu Z c k hiu s hiu nguyn t : nh sau: 23 63 39 56 11 Na; 29 Cu; 19 K ; 26 Fe S khi A K hiu nguyn t - Hs vn dng tnh s n ca cc nguyn t trn S hiu Z

X

Hot ng 3: ng v Mc tiu: Cng c v ng v III/ NG V: - Nhng nguyn t nh th no c gi l ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s proton, nhng ng v ca mt nguyn t ? khc v s ntron nn s khi khc nhau. - Hs tr li Vd : Nguyn t hiro c 3 ng v : 1 2 3 - Gv kt lun, vd Proti 1 H teri 1 H Triti 1 H 4. Cng c: Nu cc nh ngha v: nguyn t ha hc, ng v? Tr li cc cu hi: 1, 2/trang 13 v 4/14 sch gio khoa v 1.15/trang 6 sch BT. 5. Dn d: Chun b phn khi lng nguyn t Lm cu hi trc nghim. Rt kinh nghim: .............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................


Tit th 5: HT NHN NGUYN T- NGUYN T HO HC-NG V (tit 2)10 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 Kin thc c c lin quan - S khi - Khi lng electron, proton, ntron Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - Nguyn t khi v nguyn t khi trung bnh

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc: Hiu c khi nim v nguyn t khi v khi lng nguyn t trung bnh2.K nng: Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t c nhiu ng v. 3.Thi : Pht huy tinh thn tp th trong hot ng nhm II. TRNG TM: Cch tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh III. PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- kt nhm.

IV. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Bi tp, gio n *Hc sinh: Hc bi c, lm bi tp, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: ( 7pht) 23 63 39 56 - nh ngha nguyn t ho hc, ng v, xc nh s khi, s p ca 11 Na; 29 Cu; 19 K ; 26 Fe . Tnh s n c Na, Cu? - Kim tra v mt s em 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Chng ta bit v cc ng v, vi mt nguyn t c nhiu ng v th nguyn t khi s c tnh nh th no? Chng ta hy cng tm hiu xem! b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: Nguyn t khi v nguyn t khi TB ca cc nguyn t ho hc Mc tiu: Bit cch tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh IV/ NGUYN T KHI V NGUYN T KHI TRUNG BNH CA CC NGUYN T HA HC: 1. Nguyn t khi A(khi lng tng i ca - n v khi lng nguyn t c tnh nh nguyn t): Cho bit khi lng ca nguyn t th no? K hiu? nng gp bao nhiu ln n v khi lng nguyn - Hs tr li t. - Gv thng tin Do khi lng ca e qu nh nn nguyn t khi coi nh bng s khi. 2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh A : - Gv thng tin v a ra biu thc tnh Do 1 nguyn t thng c nhiu ng v, nn dng nguyn t khi trung bnh: A x + A2 x2 + ... + An xn A= 1 1 100A1,A2,,An : ng.t khi ca cc ng v. X1,x2,,xn: % s ng.t ca cc ng v.

Hot ng 2: Bi tp Mc tiu: Rn k nng tnh nguyn t khi TB 11 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 - Gv cho hs ghi , yu cu hs trnh by BT1: Clo c 2 ng v: 35 tng gii bi ton Cl17 (chim 75,77%) - Mt hs ln bng v 37 Cl17 (chim 24,23%) -Hy tm A Cl =? Gii: 75,77 * 35 + 24,23 * 37 = 35,5 A Cl = 100 BT2: Cho A Cu =63,54 - Gv cho hs ghi Tm % 65Cu29 ? 63Cu29 ? - Hs tho lun tm cch gii -Gi% 65Cu29 l x th %63Cu29 l 100-x - i din mt nhm ln bng 65 x + 63(100 x) - Nhm khc nhn xt, b sung =63,54 100 - Gv nh gi =>x = 27% =% 65Cu29 %63Cu29 = 100-27 = 73% 4. Cng c: Lm bi tp s 3,6/14 SGK 5. Dn d: - Lm bi tp 7,8/14 SGK - c phn t liu Trang 14- 15 - Tr li cu hi trc nghim cho trc *Chun b Bi 3: LUYN TP: THNH PHN NGUYN T (1) Thnh phn cu to nguyn t; S khi , nguyn t khi , nguyn t ho hc, S hiu nguyn t,k hiu nguyn t, ng v, nguyn t khi TB (2)Xc nh s e, p, n v nguyn t khi khi bit k hiu nguyn t (3)Xc nh nguyn t khi TB ca nguyn t ho hc Rt kinh nghim: .............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................


Tit th 6:

LUYN TP: THNH PHN NGUYN TKin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh

Kin thc c c lin quan - Thnh phn nguyn t v c im cc loi ht - Nguyn t ho hc, k hiu nguyn t, ng v, nguyn t khi, nguyn t khi trung bnh

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v:- Thnh phn cu to nguyn t, ht nhn nguyn t, kch thc, khi lng, in tch ca ht nhn 12 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 - nh ngha nguyn t ho hc, k hiu nguyn t, ng v, nguyn t khi, nguyn t khi trung bnh 2.K nng: Rn luyn k nng xc nh s electron, s proton, s ntron v nguyn t khi khi bit k hiu nguyn t 3.Thi : T gic trong hc tp, hot ng nhm II.PHNG PHP GING DY: Pht vn- kt nhm.

III. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Gio n, bi tp cho hs lm trc *Hc sinh: n bi c, lm bi tp trc khi n lp.

IV. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (8 pht) - Lm bi tp 8/14 SGK - Kim tra v mt s hs 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Chng ta nghin cu v thnh phn nguyn t. By gi s cng c li nhng kin thc hc v vn dng vo lm bi tp b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: Cu hi trc nghim Mc tiu: Cng c kin thc v cu to nguyn t, nguyn t ho hc, ng v, ... Cu 1: Pht biu no sau y khng ng? Hs: Tho lun tr li 1. Trong mt nguyn t lun lun c s proton bng s electron v bng Cu 1: A s n v in tch ht nhn 2. Tng s proton v s electron trong ht nhn c gi l s khi 3. S khi A l khi lng tuyt i ca nguyn t 4. S proton bng s n v in tch ht nhn 5. ng v l cc nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s ntron A. 2, 3 B. 3, 4, 5 C. 1, 3 D. 2, 5 1 2 3 35 37 Cu2: C cc ng v sau: 1 H ; 1 H ; 1 H ; 17 H ; 17 H . Hi c th to ra bao Cu 2: C nhiu phn t hiroclorua c thnh phn ng v khc nhau? A. 8 B. 12 C. 6 D. 9 Cu 3: Nhng iu khng nh sau y c phi bao gi cng ng ? a) S hiu nguyn t bng s n v in tch ht nhn nguyn t Cu 3: b) S proton trong nguyn t bng s ntron a) ng c) S proton trong ht nhn bng s electron lp v nguyn t b) Sai d) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 proton c) ng e) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 ntron f) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c t l gia s proton v ntron l d) ng e) Sai 1:1 Cu hi trc nghim:1, 2, 3/trang 9 SGK; 1.15/trang 6 SBT;1, 2, 3/trang f) Sai 13 SGK. Hot ng 1: Cu hi t lun Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng xc nh s ht, in tch ... trong nguyn t khi bit k hiu nguyn t, tnh phn trm ng v, s nguyn t ca mt ng v... Hs lm vic theo nhm, i din ln bng, Cu 1: a) 13 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 nhm khc nhn xt Gv nh gi, gii thch Cu 1: C cc loi nguyn t sau: 35 37 17 Cl ; 17 Cl C; C; C a/ Xc nh s ntron, s proton, s e v s khi ca mi loi nguyn t trn? b/ nh ngha ng v? Cu 2: Cho cc nguyn t: 10 64 84 11 109 63 40 39 106 5 A; 29 B; 36 C ; 5 D; 47 G ; 29 H ; 19 E ; 19 L; 47 J . a/ nh ngha: A v D; B v H; E v L; G v J? Gii thch? b/ Mt nguyn t X c s hiu Z, s khi A c k hiu nh th no? Cu 3: BT 6, 7/trang 14 SGK.12 6 13 6 14 6

KHNT 35 17 Cl37 17

S p 17 17 6 6

S n 18 20 6 7

S e 17 17 6 6

S khi 35 37 12 13

Cl C C

12 6 13 6 14 6

6 8 6 14 C b) Hs t gii Cu 2: a) Cc cp nguyn t l ng v. V chng c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s khi A b) Z X Cu 3: 4hs ln bng

4. Cng c: Cng c xen trong cc bi tp 5. Dn d: Nm vng cc kin thc hc, chun b bi Cu to v nguyn t Rt kinh nghim: .............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................


Tit th 7 :

CU TO V NGUYN TKin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - S chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t theo quan nim c v mi - Lp v phn lp electron

Kin thc c c lin quan - Thnh phn cu to nguyn t - c im electron

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc: Bit c:- Cc electron chuyn ng rt nhanh xung quanh ht nhn nguyn t khng theo nhng qu o xc nh, to nn v nguyn t. - Trong nguyn t, cc electron c mc nng lng gn bng nhau c xp vo mt lp (K, L, M, N, O, P, Q). - Mt lp electron bao gm mt hay nhiu phn lp. Cc electron trong mi phn lp c mc nng lng bng nhau. 2.K nng: Xc nh c th t cc lp electron trong nguyn t, s phn lp (s, p, d) trong mt lp. 3.Thi : Kch thch s yu thch mn hc

II. TRNG TM:- S chuyn ng ca cc electron trong nguyn t 14 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 - Lp v phn lp electron

III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn IV. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: M hnh mu hnh tinh nguyn t *Hc sinh: Chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (0 pht) 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : V nguyn t c to nn bi ht no? - Hs tr li Cc electron lp v nguyn t chuyn ng nh th no? By gi chng ta s tm hiu xem. b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: S chuyn ng ca cc electron trong nguyn t Mc tiu: Phn bit c s chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t theo quan nim c v mi I.S CHUYN NG CA CC ELECTRON TRONG NGUYN T: - Gv thng tin v trnh chiu m hnh 1.Quan nim c (theo E.Rutherford, N.Bohr, A.Sommerfeld): nguyn t ca Bo hs quan st Electron chuyn ng quanh ht nhn nguyn t theo nhng qu - Theo quan nim hin i th cc electron o hnh bu dc hay hnh trn (Mu nguyn t hnh tinh). chuyn ng nh th no? 2.Quan nim hin i: Cc electron chuyn ng rt nhanh - Hs tr li quanh ht nhn nguyn t trn nhng qu o khng xc nh to - Gv trnh chiu m hnh nguyn t hin thnh nhng m my e gi l obitan. i cho hs quan st Hot ng2: Lp electron v phn lp electron Mc tiu: Bit trong nguyn t c bao nhiu lp e, mi lp e c bao nhiu phn lp v th t mc nng lng ca cc lp electron Cc electron chuyn ng khng theo qu II.LP ELECTRON V PHN LP ELECTRON: o nht nh nhng khng phi hn lon 1. Lp electron: m vn tun theo quy lut nht nh - Gm nhng e c mc nng lng gn bng nhau. - Gv thng tin v lp v phn lp - Cc electron phn b vo v nguyn t t mc nng lng thp n mc nng lng cao( t trong ra ngoi ) trn 7 mc nng lng ng vi 7 lp electron: Mc nng lng n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tn lp K L M N O P Q 2.Phn lp electron: - Mi lp chia thnh cc phn lp - Cc e trn cng mt phn lp c mc nng lng bng nhau. - C 4 loi phn lp: s, p, d, f. - Lp th n c n phn lp ( vi n 4). 4. Cng c: K tn cc lp, phn lp e trong nguyn t, s phn lp trong mt lp? Cu hi trc nghim 5. Dn d: Sch GK: Cu 1 4/trang 22. Sch BT: Cu 1.25 1.31/trang 8 v 9 15 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 Chun b phn III Rt kinh nghim: ........................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................


Tit th 8 :

CU TO V NGUYN T (tit 2)Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - S electron ti a trn mi phn lp, mi lp electron - S phn b electron trn cc phn lp, cc lp

Kin thc c c lin quan - Lp electron, phn lp electron

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc: Bit c: S electron ti a trong mt lp, mt phn lp.2.K nng: Xc nh c s lp electron trong nguyn t, s phn lp (s, p, d) trong mt lp. 3.Thi : Kch thch s yu thch mn hc II. TRNG TM: S electron ti a trn mt phn lp, mt lp III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn

IV. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Gio n in t *Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (8 pht) - S chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t theo quan nim mi v c khc nhau nh th no? - Cho bit cc k hiu phn lp, lp, s phn lp trong mt lp? 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Cc electron ti a trn mi phn lp v mi lp nh th no? b)Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: S electron ti a trong mt lp, phn lp Mc tiu: Bit v nm vng v s electron ti a trn mt lp, phn lp electron III.S ELECTRON TI A TRONG MT PHN LP, LP: 16 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 1.S electron ti a trong mi phn lp: - Gv thng tin v s electron ti a trong mt phn lp Phn lp S electron ti a trn 1 phn lp s 2 p 6 d 10 f 14

Phn lp c s electron ti a gi l phn lp electron bo - Gv cho hs bit s electron ti a trong ha. lp th n (n 4) l 2n2 - Gv yu cu hs cho bit s phn b e trn 2.S electron ti a trong lp th n l 2n2 e (n 4) cc phn lp v s e ti a trn mt lp 1(K) 2(L) 3(M) 4(N) 5(O) 6(P) 7(Q) - Gv trnh chiu khung trng, hs ln lt Lp th n 2 2 2 2 2 2 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s2 pht biu s phn b e Trnh chiu m Phn b e trn cc 1s phn lp 2p6 3p6 4p6 5p6 6p6 7p6 hnh nguyn t mt s nguyn t 3d10 4d10 5d10 6d10 7d104f14 S e ti a/ lp:2

5f14 32e

6f14 32e

7f14 32e

2e

8e

18e

32e

2n e Hot ng : Vn dng Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng xc nh s lp electron, xc nh s ht, s phn b e trong nguyn t 14 Hs tho lun lm bi tp Bi 1: Xc nh s lp e ca cc nguyn t 7 N, 24 Mg. 12 i din 2 nhm ln bng trnh by 40 Bi 2: Nguyn t agon c k hiu l 18 Ar. Nhm khc nhn xt a) Hy xc nh s p, s n v s e trong nguyn t. Gio vin nh gi, din gii b) Hy x/nh s phn b e trn cc lp e. 4. Cng c: C th cho hc sinh phn b e trong lp v ca nguyn t : 20Ca, 16S. 5. Dn d: Sch GK: Cu 5/trang 22. Sch BT: Cu 1.32 1.35/trang 8 v 9 c bi c thm, chun b bi Cu hnh electron nguyn t Rt kinh nghim: ........................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................


Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012


Tit th 9:

CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN TKin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - Th t tng mc nng lng - Cu hnh electron v cch vit - c im lp electron ngoi cng

Kin thc c c lin quan - K hiu nguyn t - Lp, phn lp, s electron ti a

I. MC TIU:1.Kin thc: Bit c: - Th t cc mc nng lng ca cc electron trong nguyn t. - S phn b electron trn cc phn lp, lp v cu hnh electron nguyn t ca 20 nguyn t u tin. - c im ca lp electron ngoi cng: Lp ngoi cng c nhiu nht l 8 electron (ns2np6), lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t kh him c 8 electron (ring heli c 2 electron). Hu ht cc nguyn t kim loi c 1, 2, 3 electron lp ngoi cng. Hu ht cc nguyn t phi kim c 5, 6, 7 electron lp ngoi cng. 2.K nng: - Vit c cu hnh electron nguyn t ca mt s nguyn t ho hc. - Da vo cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t suy ra tnh cht ho hc c bn (l kim loi, phi kim hay kh him) ca nguyn t tng ng.

II. TRNG TM:- Th t cc mc nng lng ca cc electron trong nguyn t. - S phn b electron trn cc phn lp, lp v cu hnh electron nguyn t. - c im cu hnh ca lp electron ngoi cng. III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- kt nhm.

IV. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: S phn b mc nng lng ca cc lp v phn lp ( hoc bng qui tc Kleckowski); cu hnh e ca 20 nguyn t u. *Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (5 pht) Hy k tn cc lp, phn lp e c trong nguyn t v cho bit s e ti a trong mi lp, phn lp tng ng. Vit s phn b e trn cc phn lp ca lp M. 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Da vo s electron ti a ca tng lp, tng phn lp ta c th vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t. Cu hnh e c biu din nh th no, hm nay chng ta s cng tm hiu. b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: Th t cc mc nng lng trong nguyn t Mc tiu: Bit th t mc nng lng trong v nguyn t - Gv: Trong 7 lp e ca nguyn t, lp no c I. TH T CC MC NNG LNG TRONG mc nng lng thp nht? NGUYN T: 18 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 - Hs tr li - Cc electron sp vo cc lp v phn lp t - Gv thng tin v v th t mc nng lng mc nng lng thp n mc nng lng cao cc phn lp theo th t sau: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p - Gv lu hs v s chn mc nng lng dn 6s, n nng lng phn lp 4s nh hn 3d - Khi in tch ht nhn tng, c s chn mc - Cho hs xem s phn b mc nng lng nng lng nn mc nng lng ca 4s thp hn ca cc lp v phn lp 3d. Hot ng 2: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Mc tiu: Bit v hiu cch vit cu hnh electron nguyn t, bit xc nh h ca nguyn t da vo cu hnh electron II. CU HNH ELECTRON CA NGUYNT: - Gv: S biu din electron phn b trn cc 1. Cu hnh e ca nguyn t: phn lp, lp theo th t t trong ra ngoi gi - Cu hnh electron: Biu din s phn b e l cu hnh e nguyn t GV yu cu hs cho trn cc lp v phn lp bit quy c v cc bc vit cu hnh - V d: Cu hnh e ca cc nguyn t: 1 electron 1H: 1s 2 - Gv vit cu hnh e ca H, He, O 2He: 1s 2 2 4 - Hs vit cu hnh e ca Ar, Ca, Br hay [ He] 2s2 2p4 8O: 1s 2s 2p - Gv nhn xt v vit cu hnh gn theo 2 2 6 2 6 18 Ar : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p nguyn t kh him c cu hnh gn ging 2 2 6 2 6 2 2 20Ca: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s hay [ Ar ] 4s Br: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p5 hay [ Ar ] 3d10 4s2 4p5 - Phn lp cui cng l h ca nguyn t : - Gv thng tin v nguyn t s, p, d, f + H, He, Ca: l nguyn t s v e cui cng - Hs xc nh nguyn t s, p, d, f cho cc vd in vo phn lp s . trn + O, Ar, Br: l nguyn t p v e cui cng in vo phn lp p. + Ngoi ra cn c nguyn t d, nguyn t f. - Hng dn hs xem cu hnh e ca 20 nguyn 2/ Cu hnh electron ca 20 nguyn t u ( xem sch t u trong SGK GK) Hot ng 3: c im electron lp ngoi cng Mc tiu: Bit xc nh tnh cht ho hc c bn nguyn t ho hc da vo c im lp electron ngoi cng III/ C IM LP ELECTRON NGOI CNG: - i vi nguyn t ca tt c cc nguyn t, lp e ngoi cng c nhiu nht l 8 e - Gv: Da vo v d trn cho bit lp e ngoi - Cc nguyn t u c khuynh hng t trng cng c ti a bao nhiu e? thi bo ha bn vi 8 e lp ngoi cng( tr - Hs tr li He, 2e ngoi cng). - Lp e ngoi cng quyt nh tnh cht ha hc ca mt nguyn t: + Nu tng s e ngoi cng < 4 (1,2,3e) => - Gv thng tin v c im lp e ngoi cng, Nguyn t CHO e l kim loi. yu cu hs vn dng cho cc v d trn + Nu tng s e ngoi cng > 4 (5,6,7e) Nguyn t NHN e l phi kim. + Nu tng s e ngoi cng = 4 Nguyn t c th l kim loi hoc phi kim. 19 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n35

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 + Nu tng s e ngoi cng = 8 ( tr He , 2e Nguyn t bn v mt ha ngoi cng) l kh him. hc Vy: khi bit cu hnh e ca nguyn t c th d on c cc loi nguyn t. 4. Cng c: Vit li th t s tng mc nng lng phn b e vo cc lp v nguyn t? Vit cu hnh e v xc nh cc nguyn t sau thuc kim loi, phi kim, kh him?Ti sao? 20Ca ; 36Kr 29 Cu ; 5. Dn d: Cu hi trc nghim: 1,2,3/ trang 27, 28 sch GK v 1.46/trang 10 sch BT. Lm vo tp: Bi 4 6 / trang 28 sch GK v 1.41/trang 10 sch BT. Rt kinh nghim:

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Tit th 10: LUYN TP: CU TO V ELECTRON CA NGUYN TKin thc c c lin quan - S chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t - Lp, phn lp electron v s electron ti a - Cu hnh electron nguyn t Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - Rn luyn k nng vit cu hnh electron - Xc nh tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t 20 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v:- S chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t - Lp, phn lp v s electron ti a trn mt lp, phn lp - Cu hnh electron v c im electron lp ngoi cng 2.K nng: - Rn luyn k nng vit cu electron nguyn t - Xc nh tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t 3.Thi : Pht huy kh nng t duy logic II.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- kt nhm.

III. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Gio n, bi tp *Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

IV. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: Kt hp trong qu trnh luyn tp 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Chng ta nghin cu v lp v nguyn t v cu hnh electron, by gi chng ta s tin hnh vn dng kin thc hc vo thc t bi tp b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: Kin thc cn nm vng Mc tiu: Cng c li nhng kin thc c bn v v nguyn t -Gv pht vn hs v phn kin thc hc: A/ KIN THC CN NM VNG: + Th t mc nng lng? 1/ Th t cc mc nng lng: + C bao nhiu loi phn lp, s electron ti 1s2s2p3s3p4s3d4p5s4d5p6s4f5d6p7s a trn mi phn lp? 2/ S e ti a trong: + Vi n 4 th s electron ti a trn mt Lp th n (=1,2,3,4) l 2n2e. lp c tnh nh th no? Phn lp: s2 , p6 , d10 , f14 . + Da vo u ta bit c h ca nguyn 3/ Electron c mc nng lng cao nht phn b vo t? phn lp no th chnh l h ca nguyn t. + c im lp electron ngoi cng? 4/ Lp e ngoi cng quyt nh tnh cht ha hc ca + Gv thng tin v s to thnh ion nguyn t, s bo ha bn vi 8e( Tr He, 2e ngoi cng). Hot ng 1: Bi tp Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng vit cu hnh electron v xc nh tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t 4 nhm tho lun lm 4 bi tp (5) BT4/30SGK: i din mi nhm ln bng trnh by, Cu hnh e: 1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p6 4 s2 nhm khc nhn xt a) C 4 lp electron Gv nhn xt, ging gii b) Lp ngoi cng c 2 e c) Nguyn t l kim loi BT6/30SGK: a) 15e b) 15 c) lp th 3 d) C 3 lp e, Lp th nht c 2e, lp th 2 c 8e, lp th 3 c 5e e) l phi kim v c 5e lp ngoi cng 21 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 BT8/30SGK: a) 1s 2 2 s1 b) 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p3 c) 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 d) 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s2 3 p3 e) 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s2 3 p5 g) 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s2 3 p6 BT: Vit cu hnh electron ca ion: Na+, O2-, Ca2+, Cl4. Cng c: Ion M+ c cu hnh electron l 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s2 3 p6 . Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t, cho bit in tch ht nhn, s proton, ntron ca nguyn t M v tnh cht ho hc c bn ca nguyn t M? 5. Dn d: Lm bi tp - SGK: 1,2,3,5,7,9/30 - SBT: 1.511.57/11,12 Rt kinh nghim: .............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................................

Th hai ngy 20 thng 9 nm 2010

Tit th 11:

LUYN TP: CU TO V NGUYN T(tit 2)Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - Rn luyn k nng vit cu hnh electron - Rn luyn k nng tnh ton ho hc v thnh phn nguyn t

Kin thc c c lin quan - Thnh phn cu to nguyn t - c im ca cc loi ht trong nguyn t

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v thnh phn cu to nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron2.K nng: - Rn luyn k nng vit cu hnh electron nguyn t - Rn luyn k nng tnh ton ho hc v cc loi ht, s khi,.... 3.Thi : Pht huy kh nng t duy ca hc sinh II.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- kt nhm.

III. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Gio n, chn bi tp *Hc sinh: n bi c, lm bi tp trc khi n lp 22 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012

IV. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (0 pht) 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Thnh phn cu to nguyn t gm cc loi ht no? K hiu, c im? - Hc sinh tr li l nhng iu chng ta cn nm vng p dng gii quyt cc bi ton sau b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: Bi tp v tng s ht c 2 d kin Mc tiu: Hs bit cch tnh ton cc loi ht, s khi, ...trong nguyn t da vo c im ca cc loi ht bng cch gii h 2 phng trnh Bi tp1: Nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 60. Bt1: Trong s ht notron bng s ht proton. X : Tng s ht = S p + s e + s ntron = 60 40 39 40 37 2Z + N = 60 (1) a 18 Ar b 19 K c 20 Ca d 21 Sc M: S n = S p N = Z, thay vo (1) ta c: HD:-Trong nguyn t c cc loi ht no? 3Z = 60 Z = 60/3 = 20 - Hs tr li Vy X l Ca (p n c) - Tng s ht l 2Z + N Bt2: Tng s ht = S p + s e + s ntron = 115 2Z + N = 115 (1) M s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in 25 nn: 2Z N = 25 (2) T (1) v (2) ta c hpt: 2Z + N = 115 (1) 2Z N = 25 (2) 4Z = 140 Z = 140/4 = 35 N = 115 2.35 = 45 Vy A = Z + N = 35 + 45 = 80 Cu hnh e: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s2 3 p6 3d10 4s2 4 p5 Hot ng 1: Bi tp v tng s ht c 1 d kin Mc tiu: Hs bit cch tnh ton cc loi ht, s khi, ...trong nguyn t da vo c im ca cc loi ht bng cch kt hp phng trnh v bt phng trnh Bi 1: Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron BT1: Tng s ht: 2Z + N = 13 N = 13- 2Z (1) trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X l 13 . N Li c: 1 1,5 (2) S khi ca nguyn t X l bao nhiu? Z HD: Kt hp iu kin nguyn t bn: Kt hp (1) v (2) ta tm c: 3,7 Z 4,3 N 1 1,5 kt hp vi phng trnh tng Z l mt s nguyn dng nn ta chn Z = 4 Z N = 13 2.4 = 5 s ht gii Vy s khi A = 4 + 5 = 9 Bi 2:Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron BT2: Tng s ht: 2Z + N = 21 N = 21- 2Z (1) ca mt nguyn t mt nguyn t X l 21. S N hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X l bao nhiu? Li c: 1 1,5 (2) Z HD: Tng t bi 1 Kt hp (1) v (2) ta tm c: 6 Z 7 Z l mt s nguyn dng nn ta chn Z = 6 hoc Z = 7 4. Cng c: Lm bi tp s 4/28 SGK 23 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n - Hs gii, trnh by Gv nhn xt Bi tp2 Mt nguyn t X c tng s cc ht bng 115. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25. Tim Z, A, vit cu hnh e? HD: S ht mang in gm c e v p, ht khng mang in l n lp phng trnh th 2 ri gii tng t bi 1

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 5. Dn d: n li kin thc chng I chun b kim tra 1 tit Rt kinh nghim: ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................


Tit th 12:I. MC TIU:

KIM TRA 1 TIT- LN 1

- Kim tra kh nng lnh hi kin thc ca hs v ton b ni dung trong chng thng qua 8 cu trc nghim v 3 cu t lun - Gv: bit c kh nng ca hs v iu chnh cch dy cho ph hp

II. CHUN B : Mi lp 2 (45- 48 phin bn) III. PHNG PHP: Hs lm trc nghim v t lun trong 45 pht IV. NI DUNG: 2 (km theo p n)- 8 cu trc nghim(0,5 im/cu) - 3 cu t lun (6)

V. P N: s 1: I. Phn trc nghim: 0,5.8 = 4 Cu2: B Cu6: C Cu3: C Cu7: C Cu4: A Cu8: C Cu1: C Cu5: D II.

Phn t lun:

Cu 1: Mi nguyn t 0,5 Mg: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s2 : Kim loi v c 2 e lp ngoi cng Cho e P: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s2 3 p3 : Phi kim v c 5 e lp ngoi cng Nhn e 24 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 Cl: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p5 : Phi kim v c 7 e lp ngoi cng Nhn e Ni: 1s 2 2s 2 2 p6 3s 2 3 p6 3d 8 4s2 : Kim loi v c 2 e lp ngoi cng Cho e Cu 2: Tng s ht = S p + s e + s n = 54 2Z + N = 54 (1) Li c: Tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 14 2Z N = 14 (2) Kt hp (1) v (2) ta c hpt, gii ra c Z = 17, N = 20 A = Z + N = 17 + 20 = 372 2 6 2 5 Cu hnh e: 1s 2 s 2 p 3s 3 p

(0,5) (0,5) (0,5) (0,5) (1) (1)

Cu 3: Tnh c phn trm tng ng v Tnh c s nguyn t s 2: III. Phn trc nghim: 0,5.8 = 4 Cu2: C Cu6: D Cu3: C Cu7: D Cu4: D Cu8: C Cu1: B Cu5: B IV.63 29

Cu

Phn t lun:

Cu 1: Mi nguyn t 0,5 Na: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s1 : Kim loi v c 1 e lp ngoi cng Cho e Al: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s2 3 p1 : Kim loi v c 3 e lp ngoi cng Cho e S: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s2 3 p4 : Phi kim v c 6 e lp ngoi cng Nhn e Fe: 1s 2 2s 2 2 p6 3s 2 3 p6 3d 6 4s2 : Kim loi v c 2 e lp ngoi cng Cho e Cu 2: Tng s ht = S p + s e + s n = 58 2Z + N = 58 (1) Li c: Tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 14 2Z N = 18 (2) Kt hp (1) v (2) ta c hpt, gii ra c Z = 19, N = 20 A = Z + N = 19 + 20 = 392 2 6 2 6 1 Cu hnh e: 1s 2 s 2 p 3s 3 p 4 s

(0,5) (0,5) (0,5) (0,5) (1) (1)

Cu 3: Tnh c phn trm tng ng v Tnh c s nguyn t37 17

Cl


Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012

Rt kinh nghim: ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................


CHNG II: BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HC V NH LUT TUN HON Tit th 13: BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HCKin thc c c lin quan - Nguyn t: K hiu, s hiu... - Cu hnh electron nguyn t Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - S pht minh ra bng tun hon - Nguyn tc sp xp ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon - nguyn t, chu k

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc:Bit c:- Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon. - Cu to ca bng tun hon: , chu k, nhm nguyn t (nhm A, nhm B). 2.K nng: T v tr trong bng tun hon ca nguyn t (, chu k) suy ra cu hnh electron v ngc li. 3.Thi : Tch cc trong hc tp, ch ng nm bt kin thc

II. TRNG TM: nguyn t Chu k Mi lin h gia cu hnh v v tr nguyn t II.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- trc quan.-

III. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc (to) hoc trn powerpoint *Hc sinh: Chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

IV. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (0 pht) 3.Bi mi: 26 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 a) t vn : c rt nhiu cc nguyn t ho hc c tm ra, sp xp cc nguyn t mt cch khoa hc ngi ta a phi nghin cu rt nhiu v cui cng a ra bng h thng tun hon m chng ta ang s dng hm nay. Cc nguyn t c sp xp nh th no trong bng tun hon, chng ta hy cng tm hiu. b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: S lc v s pht minh ra bng tun hon Mc tiu: Hc sinh bit v s pht minh ra bng tun hon Gv yu cu hc sinh c S lc v s pht minh ra bng tun hon Hot ng 2: Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon Mc tiu: Bit nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon - Ci g c trng cho ht nhn v nguyn t ? I/ NGUYN TC SP XP CC NGUYN T - Hs: in tch ht nhn v s khi TRONG BNG TUN HAN: - Gv trnh chiu bng tun hon, ch cho hs s Cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu tng dn ca th t ca nguyn t, yu cu hc sinh quan in tch ht nhn nguyn t. st v cho bit cc nguyn t c sp xp Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn theo th t da trn iu g? t c xp thnh mt hng. - Yu cu hs vit cu hnh e ca 3 nguyn t Cc nguyn t c cng s electron ha tr trong trn 1 hng, nhn xt dim ging nhau, rt ra nguyn t c sp xp thnh mt ct. kt lun g? * Electron ha tr l nhng electron c kh nng tham - Yu cu hs vit cu hnh ca 3 nguyn t gia hnh thnh lin kt ha hc. trn 1 ct, nhn xt, kt lun - Gv thng tin v e ho tr Hot ng 3: Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon Mc tiu: Bit cu to bng tun hon ( nguyn t, chu k), hiu mi lin h gia cu hnh v th t chu k nguyn t trong bng tun hon - Gv thng tin v nguyn t, s hiu II/ CU TO BNG TUN HON nguyn t 1. nguyn t: - Gv trnh chiu nguyn t, yu cu hs - Mi nguyn t ha hc c xp vo mt ca bng cho bit nguyn t cho bit nhng thng gi l nguyn t. tin g? - S th t ca nguyn t ng bng s hiu nguyn t - Vd: nguyn t nhm, yu cu hs xc ca nguyn t . nh cc thng tin - Yu cu mt s hs khc xc nh thng S hiu nguyn t Nguyn t khi tin ca mt s nguyn t trong bng tun 13 26,98 Trung bnh K hiu ha hc hon m in Tn nguyn t 1,61 Nhm Cu hnh electron [Ne] 3s23p1

Al

S oxi ha

+3

2. Chu k: - Cc nguyn t c chung c im g a. nh ngha dc xp vo mt hng? Chu k l dy cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c - Hs: Cng s lp electron cng s lp electron, c sp xp theo chiu in tch ht - Vy chu k l g? nhn tng dn. - Hs tr li b.Gii thiu cc chu k: - Gv trnh chiu bng tun hon, yu cu Chu k 1: gm 2 nguyn t H(Z=1) n He(Z=2) 27 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 hs quan st, cho bit s nguyn t trong mi chu k - Gv: Cc em c nhn xt g v s lp e vi s th t chu k? - Hs tr li

Chu k 2: gm 8 nguyn t Li(Z=3) n Ne(Z=18) Chu k 3: gm 8 nguyn t Na(Z=11) n Ar(Z=18) Chu k 4: gm 18 nguyn t K(Z=19) n Kr(Z=36) Chu k 5: gm 18 nguyn t Rb(Z=37) n Xe(Z=54) Chu k 6: gm 32 nguyn t Cs(Z=55) n Rn(Z=86) Chu k 7: Bt u t nguyn t Fr(Z=87), y l mt chu k cha y . c.Phn loi chu k : - Gv thng tin v phn loi chu k Chu k 1, ,2, 3 l cc chu k nh. - Ta c nhn xt g v chu k, v nguyn Chu k 4, 5, 6, 7 l cc chu k ln. t u v cui chu k? Nhn xt : - Gv thng tin v h Lantan v Actini Cc nguyn t trong cng chu k c s lp electron bng nhau v bng STT ca chu k. M u chu k l kim lai kim, gn cui chu k l halogen (tr CK 1); cui chu k l kh him. Di bng c 2 h nguyn t: Lantan v Actini.

4. Cng c: - Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t ca nguyn t c s th t 15, 17, 20, cho bit nguyn t thuc chu k no? - Cu hi trc nghim: 1) Cc nguyn t xp chu k 6 c s lp electron trong nguyn t l: A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 2) Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t, s chu k nh v chu k ln l: A. 3 v 3 B. 3 v 4 C. 4 v 4 D. 4 v 3 3) S nguyn t trong chu k 3 v 5 l: A. 8 v 18 B. 18 v84 C. 8 v 8 D. 18 v 18 4) Trong bng tun hon, cc nguyn t c sp xp theo nguyn tc no? a) Theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn b) Cc nguyn t c cng s lp e trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt hng c) Cc nguyn t c cng s e ho tr trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt ct d) C a, b, c 5. Dn d: - Hc bi - Chun b phn nhm nguyn t Rt kinh nghim: ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................


Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012

Ngy son: 24/09/2011 Ngy ging:././2011

CHNG II: BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HC V NH LUT TUN HON Tit th 14: BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HC (tit 2)Kin thc c c lin quan - Nguyn t: K hiu, s hiu... - Cu hnh electron nguyn t - nguyn t, chu k Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - Nhm nguyn t - Mi lin h gia cu hnh e v nhm nguyn t

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc:Bit c: Cu to ca bng tun hon: Nhm nguyn t (nhm A, nhm B). 2.K nng:T v tr trong bng tun hon ca nguyn t (, nhm, chu k) suy ra cu hnh electron v ngc li. 3.Thi :Tch cc trong hc tp, ch ng nm bt kin thc II.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- trc quan

III. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Bng tun hon (Kh ln) hoc trn powerpoint *Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

IV. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (7 pht) 29 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 - Nguyn tc sp xp bng tun hon? - Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t c STT l 16, 18, 20, cho bit nguyn t thuc chu k no? 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Cc nguyn t c sp xp vo bng tun hon c chia theo hng ngang l chu ki v theo ct l nhm. Vy nhm nguyn t l g? b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng1: Nhm nguyn t: Mc tiu: Bit cu to bng tun hon ngoi nguyn t, chu k cn c nhm nguyn t, hiu mi lin h gia cu hnh electron v nhm - Gv yu cu hc sinh vit 3. Nhm nguyn t: cu hnh ca 3 nguyn t a/ nh Ngha : Nhm l tp hp cc nguyn t m nguyn t c cu trong mt ct v nhn xt hnh electron tng t nhau, do c tnh cht ha hc gn ging nhau, sp v im ging nhau xp thnh mt ct. Nhn Xt : Nguyn t cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm c s electron - Hs nhn xt v s e ho ha tr bng nhau v bng STT nhm (tr mt s t ngai l). tr vi s th t nhm b/ Phn loi theo nhm: Nhm A: gm 8 nhm t IA VIIIA (C cha cc nguyn t s v p). Nhm B: gm 8 nhm t IB VIIIB (Mi nhm l mt ct, ring - Gv: Trnh chiu bng nhm VIIIB c 3 ct). tun hon, yu cu hs c/ Phn lai theo khi: quan st cho bit nhm A, Khi cc nguyn t s (l khi nhng nguyn t m nguyn t c cc B gm bao nhiu ct...? electron cui cng in vo phn lp s) gm cc nguyn t nhm IA (kim loi kim) v IIA( kim loi kim th) VD1: 11Na l nguyn t s nhm 1A: 1s22s22p63s1 - Gv thng tin v phn Khi cc nguyn t p (l khi nhng nguyn t m nguyn t c cc loi theo khi Trnh electron cui cng in vo phn lp p) gm cc nguyn t thuc nhm IIIA chiu bng tun hon n VIIIA (tr He). - Nguyn t nh th no VD2: 16S l nguyn t p nhm VIA: 1s22s22p63s23p4 gi l nguyn t s, p, d, f? Khi cc nguyn t d (l khi nhng nguyn t m nguyn t c cc - V d tng khi c th elec tron cui cng in vo phn lp d) gm cc nguyn t thuc cc nhm - Gv trnh chiu ni dung B. VD3: 26 Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 Khi cc nguyn t f (l khi nhng nguyn t m nguyn t c cc electron cui cng in vo phn lp f) gm cc nguyn t thuc nhm B, xp thnh 2 hng cui bng, chng l hai h Lantan v h Actini. Cc nguyn t s v p H Lantan gm 14 nguyn t, bt u t Ce (Z=58) n Lu(Z=71). thuc cc nhm A H Actini gm 14 nguyn t, bt u t Th (Z=90) n Lr(Z= 103). - Gv yu cu hs vit cu VD3: Cu hnh electron ca Br: hnh e ca Br v xc nh 1s22s22p63p63d104s24p5 v tr s 35 (Z=35) Chu k 4 v c 4 lp electron. Nhm A v e cui cng in vo phn lp s. - Nhm IA v c 1e lp ngoi cng. 4. Cng c: - Khi cc nguyn t s gm cc nhm no, c gi l cc nhm g? 30 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 - Khi cc nguyn t p gm cc nhm no? - Khi cc nguyn t d gm cc nhm no? - Khi cc nguyn t f gm cc nhm no? - Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c cu hnh e l: 1s 2 2s 2 2 p6 3s 2 3 p6 3d 6 4s2 nm v tr no trong bng tun hon? 5. Dn d: Hc bi, chun b bi S bin i tun hon cu hnh e nguyn t ... Rt kinh nghim:

Ngy son: 24/09/2011 Ngy ging:././2011

Tit th 15:

S BIN I TUN HON CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T CC NGUYN T HO HCKin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - c im cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A - S bin i tun hon cu hnh e lp ngoi cng

Kin thc c c lin quan - Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong BTH - Cu to bng tun hon - c im electron lp ngoi cng

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc: Bit c:- c im cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A; - S tng t nhau v cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t (nguyn t s, p) l nguyn nhn ca s tng t nhau v tnh cht ho hc cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm A; - S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t khi s in tch ht nhn tng dn chnh l nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t. 2.K nng: - Da vo cu hnh electron ca nguyn t, suy ra cu to nguyn t, c im cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng. - Da vo cu hnh electron, xc nh nguyn t s, p. 3.Thi : Tch cc, ch ng tip thu kin thc

II. TRNG TM:c im cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A - Trong mt chu k. - Trong mt nhm A. III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- trc quan

IV. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc *Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: ( 7pht) Vit cu hnh e ca trong bng tun hon?13

Al ;

17

Cl ;

20

Ca . Xc nh v tr cc nguyn t 31

Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Da vo bi c vo bi b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t cc nguyn t ho hc Mc tiu: S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t khi s in tch ht nhn tng dn L nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon tnh cht cc nguyn t - Gv yu cu hs quan st cu hnh electron I/ S BIN I TUN HON CU HNH nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong chu k 2, 3 v ELECTRON NGUYN T CC NGUYN T nhn xt v s electron lp ngoi cng ca HO HC: nguyn t - Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t - N thay i nh th no qua cc chu k? cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm A c lp i lp - Gv ly vd nguyn t u tin ca chu k 2 c 1 li sau mi chu k => ta ni chng bin i mt cch electron lp ngoi cng th hin tnh cht g? tun hon. - S bin i tun hon v cu hnh electron lp Tng t vi nguyn t tip theo Vi 1e lp ngoi cng th vic cho i s d hn 2 e, tng t ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t khi in tch vi nhng nguyn t tip theo, do s bin i ht nhn tng dn chnh l nguyn nhn ca s bin tun hon cu hnh e l nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon v tnh cht ca cc nguyn t. i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t Hot ng 2: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm A Mc tiu: Bit c im lp e ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm AS ging nhau v lp e ngoi cng l nguyn nhn ca s ging nhau v tnh cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t nhm A - Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong 1 nhm A II.CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T CA c c im g? CC NGUYN T NHM A. L nguyn nhn ca s ging nhau v tnh 1.Cu hnh electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A. cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t ho hc - Nguyn t ca nguyn t natri c 1e lp ngoi -Cc nguyn t thuc cng 1 nhm A c cng s e lp cng nm nhm no trong bng tun hon? ngoi cng (s e ho tr) l nguyn nhn ca s - Hs: Nhm IA ging nhau v tnh cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t - Nh vy s e ngoi cng chnh bng STT nhm nhm A. v i vi nhm A th cng chnh l s e ho S TT ca nhm = S e ngoi cng = S e ho tr tr -Nguyn t s thuc nhm IA,IIA. - E cui cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm -Nguyn t p thuc nhm IIIAVIIIA. IA, IIA phn b trn phn lp no? N l nguyn t g? - Tng t vi nhm IIIA VIIIA Hot ng 3: Mt s nhm A tiu biu Mc tiu: Bit mt s c im, tnh cht chung ca cc nguyn t trong nhm IA, VIIA, VIIIA - Gv thng tin 2.Mt s nhm A tiu biu. - Nhm VIIIA gm nhng nguyn t no? c a.Nhm VIIIA (Nhm kh him) im lp e ngoi cng? *Gm cc nguyn t: He,Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe,Rn - Gv a ra cng cu hnh chung -Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng chung: ns2np6 (Tr He) - V cu hnh e bn nn kh him hu nh khng -Hu ht cc kh him khng tham gia phn ng ho tham gia p ho hc v tn ti trng thi nguyn hc, tn ti dng kh, phn t ch 1 nt t b.Nhm IA (Nhm Kim Loi kim) - Nhm IA gm nhng nt no? c im lp e *Gm cc nguyn t: Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr* 32 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 ngoi cng? - Lp e ngoi cng c 1e d cho hay nhn e? D cho e nn th hin tnh kim loi(mnh) - Cc nt nhm IA c nhng tnh cht ho hc no? - Nhm VIIA gm nhng nt no? c im lp e ngoi cng? - Lp e ngoi cng c 7e d cho hay nhn e? D nhn e nn th hin tnh phi kim (mnh) - Cc nt nhm VIIA c nhng tnh cht ho hc no?

-Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng chung: ns1 (D nhng 1 e t cu trc bn vng ca kh him) -Tnh cht ho hc: + T/d vi oxi to oxt baz + T/d vi Phi kim to mui + T/d vi nuc to hiroxt +H2 c.Nhm VIIA (Nhm Halogen) *Gm cc nguyn t: F,Cl,Br,I,At* -Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng chung: ns2 np5 (D nhn 1 e t cu trc bn vng ca kh him) -Tnh cht ho hc: + T/d vi oxi to oxt axt + T/d vi kim loi to mui + T/d vi H2 to hp cht kh.

4. Cng c: -S bin i tun hon cu hnh e nguyn t cc nguyn t: Cu hnh e cng c lp i lp li sau mi chu k,do Z tng-> C s bin i tun hon tnh cht. -Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A (S TT ca nhm = S e ngoi cng = S e ho tr) -c im lp e ngoi cng mt s nhm A tiu biu.(IA,IIA,VIIIA) 5. Dn d: -V nh lm BT 1-7 trang 41 -Chun b:BI 9: S BIN I TUN HON TNH CHT CA CC NGUYN T HO HC. NH LUT TUN HON. (1)Th no l tnh KL,tnh PK ca cc nguyn t? S bin i tun hon tnh kL, tnh PK? (2) Khi nim A ? S bin i tun hon v A? (3) S bin i tun hon ho tr cao nht vi oxi v ho tr vi hir ?

Ngy son: 24/09/2011 Ngy ging:././2011

Tit th 16: S BIN I TUN HON TNH CHT CA CC NGUYN T HO HC- NH LUT TUN HON33 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 Kin thc c c lin quan Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - Chu k, nhm - Khi nim tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim, m in - S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron - Quy lut bin i bn knh nguyn t, m in, tnh nguyn t cc nguyn t ho hc kim loi, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong chu k, nhm A

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc:- Bit v gii thch c s bin i m in ca mt s nguyn t trong mt chu k, trong nhm A. - Hiu c quy lut bin i tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong mt chu k, trong nhm A (da vo bn knh nguyn t). 2.K nng: Da vo qui lut chung, suy on c s bin thin tnh cht c bn trong chu k (nhm A) c th, th d s bin thin v: + m in, bn knh nguyn t. + Tnh cht kim loi, phi kim. 3.Thi : Tch cc, ch ng tip thu kin thc II. TRNG TM: Bit: - Khi nim tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim, m in. - Quy lut bin i bn knh nguyn t, m in, tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim, ho tr cao nht vi oxi v ho tr vi hiro ca mt s nguyn t trong mt chu k, trong nhm A . (Gii hn nhm A thuc hai chu k 2, 3). - nh lut tun hon III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- trc quan.

IV. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Bng tun hon *Hc sinh: Hc bi, lm bi, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: ( 7pht) - Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: Li(Z=3); Na(Z=11); K(Z=19); P(Z=15); Ar(Z=18) v xc nh v tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon? - Nhn xt v cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t Li, Na, K? 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t Li, Na, K u c 1e lp ngoi cng nn c tnh cht tng t nhau, nhng c s lp e tng dn theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, iu ny c lin quan g n s bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t ho hc, by gi chng ta hy cng tm hiu! b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim Mc tiu: Hiu v tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim - Gv: Da vo bi c, trong cc nguyn t ny nguyn t I/ TNH KIM LOI, TNH PHI KIM no l kim loi? V sao? 1/ Tnh kim loi phi kim : - Hs: Li, Na, K; Nt c 1e lp ngoi cng D nhng Tnh kim loi : 1e M - ne Mn+ - GV: Nguyn t trung ho v in m electron mang in - Tnh KL l tnh cht ca mt nguyn t m tch g? Khi nhng e i th nt tr thnh ion thiu i in nguyn t d nhng e tr thnh ion tch m, do n tr thnh ion dng? Vy tnh kim loi dng. 34 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 c c trng bng kh nng nhng e ca nt Tnh - Nguyn t cng d nhng e tnh KL kim loi l g? cng mnh - Hs tr li Tnh phi kim: - Gv trnh chiu kt lun v tnh kim loi Nt cng d X + ne Xnnhng e th tnh kim loi cng mnh - Tnh PK l tnh cht ca mt nguyn t m - Gv ly mt s vd nguyn t d nhn thm e tr thnh ion -Gv: Da vo bi c, trong cc nguyn t ny nguyn t m. no l phi kim? V sao? - Nguyn t cng d nhn e tnh PK cng - Hs: P;Nt 5e lp ngoi cng D nhn thm 3e mnh. - Nhn thm e tc l nhn thm in tch m nn s tr Khng c ranh gii r rt gia tnh KL v thnh ion m c trng ca tnh PK l kh nng nhn e PK. Tnh phi kim l g? - Nguyn t cng d nhn e tnh PK cng mnh. - Trnh chiu kt lun tnh phi kimBng tun hon phn bit ranh gii kim loi v phi kim Hot ng 2: S bin i tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim Mc tiu: Hiu v s bin i tun hon tnh kim loi v tnh phi kim trong mt chu k, mt nhm - Gv yu cu hs quan st bng bin thin bn 2/ S bin i tnh kim lai phi kim : a/ Trong mt chu k : Trong 1 chu k khi i t knh nguyn t trong BTHNhn xt v bn knh nguyn t, in tch ht nhn ca cc tri sang phi : Z+ tng dn nhng s lp e khng i nguyn t trong mt chu k? lc ht gia ht nhn vi e ngoi cng tng bn - Gv: So snh bn knh, in tch ht nhn nt knh gim kh nng nhng e gim( Tnh KL yu ca Na v Mg? dn) kh nng nhn thm e tng dn => tnh PK -Hs: Bn knh nguyn t Na ln hn Mg, in mnh dn tch ht nhn nt Na nh hn Mg Trong mi chu k theo chiu tng dn ca in - Bn knh nguyn t Na ln hn Mg m in tch ht nhn, tnh KL ca cc nguyn t yu tch ht nhn nh hn nn e lp ngoi cng ca dn, ng thi tnh PK mnh dn. nt Mg lin kt vi ht nhn cht ch hn, do Nhm IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA nt Na d nhng e hn Mg. Vy tnh kim loi Na Mg Al Si P S Cl ca nt no mnh hn? Kl Kl Kl Pk Pk Pk Pk - Hs: Na Tnh in mnh yu TB mnh in - Gv so snh tng t vi cc nt ng sau Cht hnh hnh Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh kim loi v phi kim bin i Kim loi Phi kim nh th no? - Trnh chiu bng tnh cht chu k 3 b/ Trong mt nhm A : Trong 1 nhm A khi i - Gv yu cu hs quan st bng bn knh nguyn t trong BTHNhn xt v bn knh nguyn t, in tch ht nhn ca cc nguyn t trong mt nhm? - Gv: Bn knh nguyn t tng, in tch ht nhn tng nhng bn knh nguyn t u th hn Kh nng nhng e tng nn tnh KL mnh, tnh PK th ngc li Trong 1 nhm, tnh KL v PK bin i nh th no? t trn xung : Z+ tng dn v s lp e cng tng bn knh nguyn t tng v chim u th hn kh nng nhng e tng tnh kim loi tng v kh nng nhn e gim => tnh PK gim. => Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, tnh KL ca cc nguyn t tng dn, ng thi tnh PK gim dn. Kt lun : Tnh KL-PK bin i tun hon theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn. 35 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 S bin i ny lp i lp li trong cac chu k v cc nhm; C th kt lun g v tnh kim loi v phi kim trong BTH? Hot ng 2: m in Mc tiu: Bit khi nim m in, s bin i tun hon trong chu k, nhm - m in l g? 3/ m in : - Trnh chiu bng m a/ Khi nim in cc nguyn t m in ca mt nguyn t c trng cho kh nng ht electron ca - A bin i nh th nguyn t khi hnh thnh lin kt ha hc. no trong mt chu k, b/ S bin i m in cc nguyn t. nhm? Trong mt chu k, i t tri sang phi theo chiu tng dn ca in tch - m in v tnh phi ht nhn th m in tng dn. kim c lin quan nh th Trong mt nhm A, i t trn xung theo chiu tng dn ca in tch no vi nhau? ht nhn th m in gim dn. Kt lun Kt lun : Vy m in ca cc nguyn t bin i tun hon theo chiu tng dn ca Z+. 4. Cng c: - Tnh KL, Tnh PK ca cc nguyn t bin i tun hon theo chiu tng dn ca THN nguyn t -Khi nim A ,A thay i trong chu k v trong nhm. 5. Dn d: -V nh lm Bt sgk trang 47-48 -Chun b phn tip theo Rt kinh nghim:

Ngy son: 24/09/2011 Ngy ging:././2011

Tit th 17: S BIN I TUN HON TNH CHT CA CC NGUYN T HO HC- NH LUT TUN HON (tit 2)Kin thc c c lin quan Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - Chu k, nhm - Quy lut bin i ho tr, tnh axitbaz, ho tr cao nht vi - S bin i tun hon cu hnh oxi v hiro ca mt s nguyn t trong chu k, nhm electron nguyn t cc nguyn t ho - nh lut tun hon hc

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc:- Hiu c s bin i ho tr cao nht vi oxi v ho tr vi hiro ca cc nguyn t trong mt chu k. - Bit c s bin i tnh axit, baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit trong mt chu k, trong mt nhm A. 36 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 - Hiu c ni dung nh lut tun hon. 2.K nng:: Da vo qui lut chung, suy on c s bin thin tnh cht c bn trong chu k (nhm A) c th, th d s bin thin v: + Ho tr cao nht ca nguyn t vi oxi v vi hiro. + Cng thc ho hc v tnh axit, baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng ng. 3.Thi : Thi hc tp nghim tc, tch cc

II. TRNG TM: - Quy lut bin i ho tr cao nht vi oxi v ho tr vi hiro ca mt s nguyn t trong mt chu k,trong nhm A . (Gii hn nhm A thuc hai chu k 2, 3). - nh lut tun hon III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn.

IV. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc *Hc sinh: Hc bi c, lm bi tp, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (7 pht) Vit cu hnh e nguyn t v sp xp cc nguyn t ho hc sau theo chiu tnh phi kim gim dn v gii thch: Al(Z=13), P(Z=15), N(Z=7), O(Z=8)? 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Ta bit c im cu hnh electron nguyn t, s hnh thnh ion ca cc nguyn t. Vi nhng c im , cc nguyn t ny hnh thnh hp cht nh th no? Chng ta s tm hiu ngay by gi. b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: Ho tr ca cc nguyn t ho hc Mc tiu: Bit ho tr cao nht vi oxi ca cc nguyn t tng dn t 1 n 7, ho tr vi hiro gim t 4 n 1Bin i tun hon - Trnh chiu cho hc sinh xem bng CTHH / HA TR CA CC NGUYN T th hin ho tr cao nht vi oxi v ho tr vi Trong 1 chu k: i t tri sang phi, ha tr cao hiro cc nguyn t nht vi oxi ca cc nguyn t tng ln lt t 1 n 7, - Hs nhn xt v s bin i ho tr trong mt ha tr vi hiro ca cc PK gim t 4 n 1. chu k - Gv yu cu hs vit cng thc th hin ho IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA tr cao nht vi oxi v ho tr vi hiro cc Hcht nguyn t thuc chu k 2, 3 oxit R2O RO R2O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3 R2O7 - Gv thng tin v hp cht ca kim loi kim cao v kim th vi hiro nht - S bin i ny c lp i lp li sau mi Hc kh chu k, ta c kt lun g? vi RH4 RH3 RH2 RH - Hs tr li hiro - Gv kt lun Kt lun: Ha tr cao nht ca mt nguyn t vi oxi, ha tr vi hiro bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn Hot ng 1: S bin i tnh axitbaz ca oxit v hiroxit Mc tiu: Bit s bin i tun hon tnh axitbaz ca oxit v hiroxit ca cc nguyn t trong 37 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 bng tun hon - Gv trnh chiu bng tnh axitbaz ca cc hp cht oxit v hiroxit - Hs nhn xt s bin i tnh axitbaz ca cc hp cht - Gv kt lun - Kim loi mnh th tnh baz ca hp cht s mnh, kim loi mnh th tnh axit ca hp cht mnh - Tnh axit v baz ca cc hp cht trong mt nhm A bin thin nh th no? - Hs tr li - Gv kt lun, ly mt s vd hs so snh / S BIN I TNH AXIT-BAZ CA OXIT V HIROXIT Trong 1 chu k: t tri sang phi theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, tnh baz ca oxit v hiroxit tng ng gim dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng tng dn.Na2O Oxit Oxit baz NaOH Baz Hidr mnh oxit kim Baz MgO Oxit baz Mg(OH)2 Baz yu Al2O3 Oxit l/tnh Al(OH)3 Hidroxit lng tnh SiO2 P2O5 Oxit Oxit axit axit H2SiO3 H3PO4 Axit Axit yu TB SO3 Oxit axit H2SO4 Axit mnh Axit Cl2O7 Oxit axit HClO Axit rt mnh

Trong 1 nhm A : i t trn xung, theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn : tnh baz ca cc oxit v hidroxit tng, tnh axit gim dn. Hot ng 1: S bin i tnh axitbaz ca oxit v hiroxit Mc tiu: Nu c nh lut tun hon - Cu hnh electron, bn knh nguyn t, V/ NH LUT TUN HON : m in, tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca cc nh lut tun hon: nguyn t, tnh axit, tnh baz ca cc hp cht cc nguyn t bin i nh th no trong Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t v n cht, cng nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc hp cht to nn t cc bng tun hon? - T nhng s bin thin , Pauling a nguyn t bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca ra nh lut tun hon, nh c nh lut ny, in tch ht nhn nguyn t Meneleep d on mt s nguyn t cha c tm ra - Hs nu ni dung nh lut 4. Cng c: - Vit cng thc tng qut ho tr cao nht vi oxi, hp cht kh vi hiro ca cc nguyn t t nhm IA n VIIA? - Tnh axitbaz ca cc hp cht bin i nh th no? - nh lut tun hon? 5. Dn d: - Hc bi - Lm bi tp SSGK, SBT - Son bi: ngha bng tun hon Rt kinh nghim:


Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012

Ngy son: 24/09/2011 Ngy ging:././2011

Tit th 18: NGHA BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HCKin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - Chu k, nhm - Mi quan h gia v tr nguyn t v - S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t cc nguyn t cu to nguyn t ca n ho hc - Mi quan h gia v tr v tnh cht - Quy lut bin i bn knh nguyn t, m in, tnh kim loi, ca nguyn t tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong chu k, nhm A - So snh tnh cht ho hc ca mt Quy lut bin i ho tr, tnh axitbaz, ho tr cao nht vi oxi nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn v hiro ca mt s nguyn t trong chu k, nhm - nh lut tun hon Kin thc c c lin quan

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc:Hiu c:Mi quan h gia v tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon vi cu to nguyn t v tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t v ngc li. 2.K nng:T v tr nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t, suy ra: - Cu hnh electron nguyn t - Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca nguyn t . - So snh tnh kim loi, phi kim ca nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn. 3.Thi :Thi hc tp nghim tc, tch cc II. TRNG TM: Mi quan h gia v tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon vi cu to nguyn t v tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t. III.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- kt nhm.

IV. CHUN B GIO C:39 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 *Gio vin: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc *Hc sinh: Hc bic, lm bi tp, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

V. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (8 pht) Vit cu hnh e nguyn t, xc nh v tr v vit cng thc oxit cao nht, hp cht kh vi hiro ca cc nguyn t: S(Z=16); Cl(Z=17); P(Z=15); Si(Z=14)? 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: Mi quan h gia v tr nguyn t v cu to nguyn t ca n: Mc tiu: Hiu c mi quan h gia v tr nguyn t v cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t - Gv nu th d 1, yu cu hs tr li vo v I/ QUAN H GIA V TR NGUYN T V CU - Mt hs ln bng, hs khc theo di, nhn TO NGUYN T CA N: xt Th d 1: Nguyn t c STT 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA. Hy - Vy, khi bit v tr ca nguyn t trong cho bit: BTH ta c th bit c nhng g? - S proton, s electron trong nguyn t? - Hs tr li - S lp electron trong nguyn t? - Gv nu th d 2, yu cu hs thc hin - S eletron lp ngoi cng trong nguyn t? Tr li: - Nguyn t c 20p, 20e - Nguyn t c 4 lp e - S e lp ngoi cng l 2 - Vy khi bit cu to nguyn t th ta bit - l nguyn t Ca c iu g? Th d 2: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca mt nguyn t - Hs tr li l: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s2 3 p6 4 s1 . Hy cho bit v tr ca nguyn t trong bng tun hon? Tr li: - nguyn t th 19 v c 19e(=19p) - Chu k 4 v c 4 lp e - Gv: Qua 2 th d trn, hy cho bit mi - Nhm IIA v c 2e lp ngoi cng lin h gia v tr nguyn t v cu to - l Kali nguyn t ca nguyn t ? Kt lun: Bit v tr ca mt nguyn t trong bng tun - Hs tr li hon, c th suy ra cu to ca nguyn t v ngc li. - Gv kt lun _ S th t ca nguyn t S proton, s electron _ S th t ca chu k S lp electron. _ S th t ca nhm A S electron lp ngoi cng. Hot ng 1: Mi quan h gia v tr v tnh cht ca nguyn t: Mc tiu: Hiu c mi quan h gia v tr nguyn t v tnh cht ca n - Nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm IA, IIA, II/ QUAN H GIA V TR V TNH CHT CA IIIA(tr H, B) c bao nhiu e lp ngoi NGUYN T : cng? Bit v tr mt nguyn t trong bng tun hon, ta c th - Hs tr li suy ra nhng tnh cht ha hc c bn ca n : - Cc nguyn t ny c xu hng cho hay _ Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim: nhn e? Th hin tnh cht g? +Cc nguyn t cc nhm IA, IIA, IIIA (tr H v B) c - Hs tr li tnh kim loi. - Tng t vi cc nguyn t nhm VA, + Cc nguyn t cc nhm VA, VIA, VIIA (tr antimon, 40 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 VIA, VIIA(Tr antimon, bitmut v poloni) c tnh phi kim - Ho tr cao nht ca cc nguyn t vi oxi v ho tr vi hiro? - Vit cng thc oxit, hp cht kh vi hiro? - Vit hp cht hiroxot ca cc nguyn t ? Bit v tr ca nguyn t trong bng tun hon ta c th bit c nhng tnh cht no ca nguyn t ? Kt lun

bitmut v poloni) c tnh phi kim. _ Ha tr cao nht ca nguyn t trong hp cht vi oxi, ha tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht vi hiro. _ Cng thc oxit cao nht. _ Cng thc hp cht kh vi hiro (nu c)

IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA hcht oxit cao R2O RO R2O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3 R2O7 nht Hcht kh vi RH4 RH3 RH2 RH hiro _ Cng thc hiroxit tng ng (nu c) v tnh axit hay baz ca chng. Hot ng 1: So snh tnh cht ca mt nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn: Mc tiu: Bit so nh tnh cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t ho hc vi nhau Gv pht vn vi hs v cc quy lut bin i: III/ SO SNH TNH CHT HA HC CA MT Trong mi chu k : chiu tng dn Z+ : NGUYN T VI CC NGUYN T LN CN: Da vo qui lut bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong tnh KL gim dn, tnh PK tng dn. Trong mt nhm A : chiu tng dn Z+, bng tun hon c th so snh tnh cht ha hc ca mt nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn. tnh KL tng dn, tnh PK gim dn. Tnh kim loi v phi kim tng ng vi tnh Vd : So snh: P(Z=15) vi Si(Z=14) v S(Z=16) P(Z=15) vi N(Z=7) v As(Z=33) baz v tnh axit ca oxit v hidroxit _ Si, P, S thuc cng mt chu k => theo chiu tng ca Z Ly mt s v d => tnh PK tng dn Si < P < S _ N, P, As thuc cng nhm A => theo chiu tng ca Z => tnh PK tng dn As < P < N 4. Cng c: Cu 1: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 3s 2 3 p 2 . Hy xc nh v tr v tnh cht ho hc c bn ca nguyn t ? Cu 2: Mt nguyn nm chu k 3, nhm VIA ca BTH. Hy xc nh cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t ? 5. Dn d: - Hc bi - Lm bi tp SGK, SBT - n li ton b chng II Rt kinh nghim:


Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012

Ngy son: 24/09/2011 Ngy ging:././2011

Tit th 19: LUYN TP: BNG TUN HON, S BIN I TUN HON CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T V TNH CHT CA CC NGUYN T HO HC (tit 1)Kin thc c c lin quan - Cu to BTH - S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t cc nguyn t ho hc - Quy lut bin i bn knh nguyn t, m in, tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong chu k, nhm A - Quy lut bin i ho tr, tnh axitbaz, ho tr cao nht vi oxi v hiro ca mt s nguyn t trong chu k, nhm - nh lut tun hon Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh Cng c kin thc v bng tun hon

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v:- Bng tun hon - S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t - S bin i tun hon tnh cht (Tnh kim loi, phi kim, m in, bn knh nguyn t) ca nguyn t v tnh axit, baz ca hp cht - nh lut tun hon 2.K nng: H thng ho kin thc 3.Thi : Tch cc, ch ng II.PHNG PHP GING DY: Pht vn

III. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Gio n, cu hi trc nghim *Hc sinh: Hc bi c, chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

IV. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: Kim tra trong qu trnh luyn tp 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Tng hp kin thc chng II b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: Kin thc cn nm vng v bng tun hon Mc tiu:Cng c, h thng ho kin thc v bng tun hon Gio vin pht vn vi hc sinh tr li mt s cu hi A.KIN THC CN NM VNG: sau: 1,Cu to bng tun hon: - Cc nguyn t ho hc c xp vo BTH theo a.Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong nhng nguyn tc no? BTH: 3 nguyn tc: - Hng v ct tng ng vi thnh phn no trong - Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng BTH? dn ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t. 42 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 - Cc nguyn t c cng s lp e trong nguyn t c xp thnh 1 hng (chu k) - Cc ngyn t c s e ho tr trong nguyn t nh nhau c xp thnh 1 ct (Nhm). - nguyn t cho ta bit nhng thng tin no? b. nguyn t: Mi nguyn t c xp vo 1 - C tt c bao nhiu chu k? gi l nguyn t - Chu k no l chu k nh, chu k ln? c.Chu k: -Mi hng l 1 chu k -C 3 chu k nh : 1,2,3 - Nhng nguyn t nm trong mt chu k c c im -C 4 chu k ln: 4,5,6,7 g? Nguyn t cc nguyn t thuc 1 chu k c s - Nhng nguyn t nh th no c xp vo cng lp e nh nhau mt nhm? d.Nhm: - Phn loi nhm? *Nhm A: Gm chu k nh v chu k ln ,t IA - Nguyn t s thuc nhm no? VIIIA. - Nguyn t p thuc nhm no? -Nguyn t s thuc nhm IA,IIA. - Xc nh s th t nhm da vo u? -Nguyn t p thuc nhm IIIA VIIIA. - Nhm B gm nhng nguyn t thuc h g? *Nhm B: (IIIB VIIIB;IB,IIB) - Nhng nguyn t f nm u trong BTH? -Nguyn t d,f thuc chu k ln - Cch xc nh s TINH TH cc nguyn t nhm B? Hot ng 2: Kin thc cn nm vng v s bin i tun hon Mc tiu: Cng c kin thc v s bin i tun hon cu hnh e, tnh KL, tnh PK, bn knh nguyn t, gi tr m in ; Nm ni dung nh lut tun hon Gio vin pht vn vi hc sinh tr li 2.S bin i tun hon: mt s cu hi sau: a.Cu hnh electron nguyn t: - S e lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc S e ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t mi chu k nguyn t bin i nh th no trong mt tng t 18 thuc cc nhm t IA VIIIA.Cu hnh e ca chu k ? nguyn t cc nguyn t bin i tun hon - Trong mt chu k, tnh KL v PK, bn b.S bin i tun hon tnh KL, PK,Rnguyn t,gi tr A knh nguyn t, gi tr m in bin ca cc nguyn t c tm tt trong bng sau: i nh th no ? Rnguyn KL PK A H thng thnh bng t - Gv : Pht vn hs v cng thc oxit cao Chu Gim Gim Tng Tng nht, hp cht kh vi hiro k S bin i tnh axit, baz ? Nhm Tng Tng Gim Gim Gv yu cu hs nu nh lut tun hon 3.nh lut tun hon: - Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t v n cht cng nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc hp cht to nn t cc nguyn t bin i tun hon theo chiu tng dn ca THN nguyn t. Hot ng 3: Vn dng Mc tiu: Cng c kin thc v BTH Gio vin c Cu 1 : Tm cu sai trong nhng cu di y: cu hi, hc A. Trong chu k, cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn sinh tr li, B. Trong chu k, cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu s hiu nguyn t tng dn gii thch C. Nguyn t cu cc nguyn t trong cng mt chu k c s e bng nhau Gio vin D. Chu k thng bt u l kim loi kim, kt thc l mt kh him (tr chu k 1 v 43 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 nhn xt, kt chu k 7 cha hon thnh) lun Cu 2 : S hiu nguyn t Z ca cc nguyn t X, A, M, Q ln lt l 6, 7, 20, 19. Nhn xt no sau y ng ? A. X thuc nhm VA B. A, M thuc nhm IIA C. M thuc nhm IIB D. Q thuc nhm IA Cu 3 : S hiu nguyn t Z ca cc nguyn t X, A, M, Q ln lt l 6, 7, 20, 19. Nhn xt no sau y ng ? A. C 4 nguyn t trn thuc mt chu k B. M, Q thuc chu k 4 C. A, M thuc chu k 3 D. Q thuc nhm IA Cu 4 : Trong bng tun hon, nguyn t X c STT 16, nguyn t X thuc : A. Chu k 3, nhm IVA B. Chu k 4, nhm VIA C. Chu k 3, nhm VIA D. Chu k 4, nhm IIIA Cu 5 : Theo quy lut bin i tnh cht n cht ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon th : A. Phi kim mnh nht l it B. Kim loi mnh nht l Liti C. Phi kim mnh nht l flo D. Kim loi yu nht l cesi Cu 6 : Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tnh phi kim tng dn (t tri sang phi) nh sau: A. F, Cl, S, Mg C. Cl, F, Mg, S B. Mg, S, Cl, F D. S, Mg, Cl, F Cu 7 : Cc nguyn t halogen c sp xp theo chiu bn knh nguyn t gim dn (t tri sang phi) nh sau: A. I, Br, Cl, F C. F, Cl, Br, I B. I, Br, F, Cl D. Br, I, Cl, F 4. Cng c: - Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong BTH - Cu to BTH - S bin i tun hon cu hnh e, bn knh nguyn t, tnh cht - nh lut tun hon 5. Dn d: - Hc bi, nm k kin thc v BTH - Lm bai tp : 5,6,7,8,9/54SGK Rt kinh nghim:

Ngy son: 24/09/2011 Ngy ging:././2011

Tit th 20: LUYN TP: BNG TUN HON, S BIN I TUN HON CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T V TNH CHT CA CC NGUYN T HO HC (tit 2)Kin thc c c lin quan Kin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - Hp cht oxit cao nht, hp cht kh vi hiro ca - Cng c kin thc v hp cht cc nguyn t nguyn t - Rn luyn k nng gii ton ho - Bng tun hon 44 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012

I. MC TIU: 1.Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v hp cht oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro ca cc nguyn tho hc 2.K nng: Rn luyn k nng: - Xc nh ho tr ca nguyn t da vo cng thc oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro - Gii bi ton xc nh nguyn t 3.Thi : Tch cc trong hot ng nhm II.PHNG PHP GING DY: Din ging pht vn- kt nhm.

III. CHUN B GIO C:*Gio vin: Gio n *Hc sinh: Chun b bi mi trc khi n lp.

IV. TIN TRNH BI DY:1.n nh lp: Kim tra s s, ng phc... 2.Kim tra bi c: (0 pht) 3.Bi mi: a) t vn : Hy vit cng thc hp cht kh vi hiro, cng thc oxit cao nht ca cc nguyn t tng ng c cng thc oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro nh sau: RH4, R2O5, RO2, RH? vo bi b) Trin khai bi

HOT NG THY V TR

NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1: Bi ton tng s ht kt hp v tr nguyn t trong BTH Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng gii ton ho kt hp tng s ht trong nguyn t v k nng xc nh v tr nguyn t trong bng tun hon BT5/54SGK: Tng s ht trong mt BT5/54: nguyn t ca mt nguyn t thuc Tng s ht= 2Z + N = 28 N= 28 2Z (1) nhm VIIA l 28. N Kt hp iu kin: 1 1,5 Z N 1,5Z (2) a) Tnh nguyn t khi Z b) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn T (1) v (2) ta c: Z 28 2 Z 1,5Z t ca nguyn t ? 8 Z 9,3 DH: Gii ging nh mt bi tng s 2 2 4 ht bnh thng, so kt qu vi v tr Nu Z=8: 1s 2 s 2 p thuc nhm VIA (loi) bi cho chn kt qu ng Nu Z=9: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p5 thuc nhm VIIA (chn) Hs ln bng, hs khc nhn xt N = 28- 2.9= 10 Gv nh gi a) Nguyn t khi = A= 19 b) Cu hnh e: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p5 Hot ng 1: Bi ton xc nh nguyn t da vo v tr trong BTH Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng gii bi ton xc nh nguyn t cha bit da vo pthh v v tr nguyn t trong bng tun hon BT9/54SGK: Khi cho 0,6 gam mt BT9/54: kim loi nhm IIA tc dng vi nc S mol kh hiro to thnh: to ra 0,336 lt kh hiro ktc. Xc 0,336 n= = 0, 015mol nh kim loi ? 22, 4 HD: Kim loi Nhm IIA c ho tr II, Kim loi thuc nhm IIA nn c ho tr II Gi kim loi l M v vit phng M + 2H2O M(OH)2 + H2 trnh ging nh mt nguyn t bnh M(g) 2(g) thng bit tm ra khi lng 0,6(g) 2.0,015(g) nguyn t v xc nh nguyn t 45 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 HS ln bng, hs khc nhn xt M 2 0, 6.2 = M = = 40 0, 6 0, 03 0, 03 Vy kim loi l Canxi Hot ng 1: Bi ton xc nh nguyn t da vo cng thc oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro Mc tiu: Rn luyn k nng chuyn i gia cng thc oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro, gii bi ton da vo thnh phn phn trm nguyn t trong phn t BT7/54SGK: Oxit cao nht ca mt BT7/54: nguyn t l RO3, trong hp cht ca Oxit cao nht ca R l RO3 nn R thuc nhm VIA n vi hiro c 5,88%H v khi Do hp cht vi hiro ca R l RH2 lng. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca Ta c: nguyn t ? 2 M H 5,88 2 5,88 2.100 2.5,88 = = MR = = 32 HD: Da vo cng thc oxit cao nht M 100 M R + 2 100 5,88 RH 2 xc nh v tr ca nguyn t Xc Vy R l lu hunh nh hp cht kh vi hiro v gii BT8/54: BT8/54SGK: Hp cht kh vi hiro Hp cht kh vi hiro ca R l RH4 nn R thuc nhm IVA. Do ca mt nguyn t l RH4. Oxit cao , cng thc oxit cao nht l RO2 nht ca n cha 53,3% oxi v khi Ta c: lng. Tm nguyn t khi ca 2.M O 53,3 32 53,3 32.100 32.53, 3 nguyn t ? = = MR = = 28 M R + 32 100 53,3 HD: Da vo hp cht kh vi hiro M RO2 100 xc nh v tr nguyn t suy ra cng Vy nguyn t khi ca R l 28 thc oxit cao nht v gii Hs ln bng, hs khc lm vo v, nhn xtgv nh gi 4. Cng c: - Mun xc nh nguyn t cn xc nh i lng no? - Chuyn i qua li gia cng thc oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro 5. Dn d: n tp ton b chng II, chun b kim tra 1 tit Rt kinh nghim:


Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012

Tit th 21:I. MC TIU:

KIM TRA 1 TIT- LN 2

- Kim tra kh nng lnh hi kin thc ca hs v ton b ni dung trong chng thng qua 8 cu trc nghim v 3 cu t lun - Gv: bit c kh nng ca hs v iu chnh cch dy cho ph hp

II. CHUN B : Mi lp 2 (45- 48 phin bn) III. MA TRN : Mc Ni dung Bng tun hon S bin i tun hon cu hnh, tnh cht ngha bng tun hon Tng V. NI DUNG: 2 (km theo p n)- 8 cu trc nghim(0,5 im/cu) 47 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Bit C2,3 C1,5,8 BT1 45%

Hiu C7 C4,6

Vn dng

BT2,3

15%

40%

IV. PHNG PHP: Hs lm trc nghim v t lun trong 45 pht

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 - 3 cu t lun (6)

VI. P N: s 1: I.Phn trc nghim: 0,5.8 = 4 Cu1: C Cu5: C Cu2: B Cu6: D Cu3: C Cu7: B Cu4: A Cu8: A

II.Phn t lun: Cu 1: Mi 0,25 Z=35: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s2 3 p6 3d10 4s2 4 p5 a) V tr: th 35, chu k 4, nhm VIIA b) Cng thc oxit cao nht: R2O7 Hp cht hiroxit: HRO4 Do hp cht kh vi hiro l RH2 Ta c: %R= 94,12 %H = 100- 94,12=5,88 %R MR 94,12 94,12.2 = = MR = = 32 % H 2M H 5,88 5,88 (0,5) (0,5) (1) (0,5) (0,5) Cng thc hp cht kh vi hiro: RH Tnh axit (1)

Cu 2: Cng thc oxit cao nht l RO3 nn R thuc nhm VIA

Vy nguyn t l lu hunh Cu 3: Vit c ptp: 2M + 2nH2O2M(OH)n + nH2 Tm c M= 20n Tm c M l canxi s 2: I.Phn trc nghim: 0,5.8 = 4 Cu1: D Cu5: A Cu2: B Cu6: A Cu3: C Cu7: D Cu4: D Cu8: C

II.Phn t lun: Cu 1: Mi 0,25 Z=34: 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3s2 3 p6 3d10 4s2 4 p4 a) V tr: th 34, chu k 4, nhm VIA b) Cng thc oxit cao nht: RO3 Hp cht hiroxit: H2RO4 Do : Cng thc oxit cao nht l R2O5 Cng thc hp cht kh vi hiro: RH2 Tnh axit (1) 48 Gio vin: Nguyn Thanh Hi- Trng THPT L Qu n

Cu 2: Hp cht kh vi hiro l RH3 nn R thuc nhm VA

Ho hc 10 c bn. Nm hc 2011-2012 Ta c: %R= 25,93 %0 = 100- 25,93=74,07 % R 2 M R 25,93 25,93.5.16 = = MR = = 14 %0 5M O 74, 07 74, 07.2 (1) (0,5) (0,5) (0,5) (0,5)

Vy nguyn t l Nit Cu 3: Vit c ptp: 2M + 2nH2O2M(OH)n + nH2 Tm c M= 23n Tm c M l Natri Rt kinh nghim:

Tit th 22:

CHNG 3: LIN KT HO HC BI 12: LIN KT ION-TINH TH IONKin thc mi trong bi cn hnh thnh - S hnh thnh ion, cation, anion - S hnh thnh lin kt ion - Tinh th ion

Kin thc c c lin quan - Cu hnh electron nguyn t - Tnh kim loi, phi kim ca cc nguyn t

I. MC TIU:1.Kin thc:Bit c: - V sao cc nguyn t li lin kt vi nhau. - S to thnh ion, ion n nguyn t, ion a nguyn t. - nh ngha lin kt ion. - Khi nim tinh th ion, tnh cht chung ca hp cht ion 2.K nng: - Vit c cu hnh electron ca ion n nguyn t c th. - Xc nh ion n nguyn t, ion a nguyn t trong mt phn t cht c th. 3.Thi : Tch cc, ch ng

II.TRNG TM:- S hnh thnh cation, anion. - Ion n nguyn t, ion a nguyn t. - S hnh thnh li

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