Jiaxian Traditional Chinese Date Gardens

People’s Government of Jia County

April, 2014

GIAHS Proposal

Content

Structural Characteristic

Historic Relevance

Function and Value

Threats and Challenges

Protection and Development

Area 51.2 Km2

Accessibility 97km from Airport

Livelihoods Jujube production

Topographic loess plateau

Climate semi-arid

Old Gardens 20

Household 11,412

Population 44,361

Jujube Income 80%

General Information

Loess Plateau

Jia County

Traditional Chinese Date Garden

Interplanting of Jujube with Grain Crops

• Reducing wind speed

• Regulating air temperature and humidity

• Decreasing field evaporation

• Holding soil and water

1.Structural Characteristic

Courtyard Cultivation

Interplant jujube trees with other

species, like apricot trees or apple

trees, and raising poultry in the

courtyard, develop a harmony

model which constitute of people、

jujube、other trees and poultry

• Increase the diversity

of courtyard landscape,

biodiversity and income

sources

• Effectively solve the

problem of soil fertility、

diseases and insect pests.

Genetic diversity

Domestication process

Sour Jujube (Zizyphus spinosus Hu)

Wild

(4 kinds)

Half- cultivated

(10 kinds)

Cultivated

(2 kinds) Jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill)

Mu Jujube

(8 Varieties)

Tuan Jujube

(7 Varieties)

Ya Jujube

(5 Varieties)

Cui

Jujube

Zanhuang

Jujube

Huping

Jujube

Jun

Jujube

Li

Jujube

Yuanling

Jujube Bai

Jujube

Short Shoot

Jujube

(4 Varieties)

Yiheng

Jujube

(3 Varieties)

Fenghe

Jujube

Species Varieties Common Name Endemic

Variety?

Grain

Foxtail Millet

（Setaria italica Beauv）

Xiaoxianggu Millet Xiangu Millet No

Linqiubian Millet Fangu Millet Yes

Kagu Millet Fangu Millet Yes

Zhangzagu No.5

Millet Fangu Millet No

Jingu 21 Millet Fangu Millet No

Longzhuagu Millet

（Eleusie coracana L.） Sagu Millet Yes

Green Bean

（Vigna radiata）

Daming Green Bean Qingxiaodou Green

Bean Yes

Small Green Bean Green Bean Yes

Soy Bean

（Glycine max）

Lianjiatiao Bean Black Bean Yes

Jiyaobai Bean White Black Bean Yes

Laoheidou Bean Yellow Bean Yes

Potato

（Solanum tuberosum）

Zihuabai Potato Potato No

Longshu No.3 Potato Potato No

Dongbeibai Potato Potato No

Xinge No.6 Potato Potato No

Economic

Plants

Tomato （Ycopersici Susceptibili） Tomato No

Pepper（Capsicum annuum） Lazi Pepper No

Pepper（Zanthoxylum bungeanum） Huajiao Pepper Yes

Fruit

Grape（Vitis） Grape No

Pear（Pyrus sorotina） Pear Yes

Apple（Malus pumila Mill） Apple Yes

Apricot（Siberian Apricot） Apricot Yes

Poultry Chicken Chicken Yes

Agro-biodiversity

7000 years ago

Archaeology：pick、eat

3000 years ago

Literature：cultivation

2500 years ago

Important fruit、Chinese medicine

1500 years ago

Traditional cultivation technical system

• The place with the longest history of jujube cultivation

– Archaeology、ancient literature records、existing jujube、genetic science

2. Long Cultivation History

Sour Jujube (1600 years)

Jujube (1400 years)

items Suitable range

Numerical of Jiaxian

Annual mean temperature（℃）

5.5～22 10.2

Flowering mean temperature（℃）

≥22～24 27.5

Minimum temperature（℃）

≥-38.2 -24.4

Frost-free season（d） ≥100 172～199

Annual precipitation(mm)

87～2000 386.6

Annual sunlight ratio(h)

≥1100 2710.7

• An inevitable choice in hostile environment

– A passive choice under the adverse soil condition

– An active choice under the adaptable climate condition

• The ruling class’s attention and advocacy

3.Function and Value • Livelihood security

– Proverbs like : the “life-saving plant”, “hard-core crop” , “gold globules, silver globules, they are no competition to our red globules” and so on

– The income from the jujube cultivation accounts for 80% of the average net income per capita of local farmers.

• Nutritional and medicinal values

Item Nutritional and Medicinal Values

Nutritional

Values

(fresh fruit）

fat（ g/100g）0.3， protein（g/100g） 1.1，dietary fiber（g/100g）1.9，Carbohydrates

（g/100g）28.6，Carotene（mg/100g）0.01，Depending flavonoids equivalent（μg/100g）0.24，

Sulfur Ansul（mg/100g）0.06，Riboflavin（mg/100g）0.09，Ascorbic acid（mg/100g）0.243，

Vitamin E（mg/100g）0.001，Calcium（mg/100g）14，Phosphorus（mg/100g）23， Iron

（mg/100g）0.5，Vc（mg/100g）380～800。

Medicinal

Values

Rich in organic acids and triterpene compounds, thus can inhibit bacterium, protect the liver,

reduce lipid, raise leukocyte level, and enhance immunity. Contains cAMP that prevents cancer cell

division, and thus has anticancer effects. Rich in vitamin content, which is good for blood capillary.

Flavonoids have sedation, hypnosis, depressurization, diuretic and cancer prevention effects.

• Cultural values – The locals have developed the catering culture of jujube to the extreme.

– The locals have placed their hope on jujube, and connect it with festivities.

• Art – Spring Festival Paintings and paper-cutting .

– The object in many poems and songs

• Crucial eco-functions

Ecosystem

function

Direct

products

Conservation of water

and soil Water

conservat

ion

Carbon fixation

and oxygen

release

wind prevention and

sand fixation

Soil

conservation

Keep

nutrients

Carbon

fixation

Release

oxygen

wind

prevention

sand

fixation

value 93.94 357.74 43.79 13.14 2.55 83.23

1125 451.68 2.64 56.93 85.78

Total value 1722.04

The ecosystem service value of jujube trees in Jia County（unit：million yuan/year）

• Conservation of water and soil

• The horizontal roots of the jujube spread widely.

• There is a saying which means that the different villages are connected by the root

of jujube.

• 1、Large area of ancient jujube orchards, lack of management

• 2、Vulnerability to resist and guard against natural disaster

• 3、Insufficient investment and promotion in science and

technology

• 4、Low economic benefits of organic jujube

• 5、Impact of chemical agricultural development ideas and

technology

4.Threats and Challenges

5. Protection and Development • (1) Protection planning

– The protection of eco-environment

– The protection of ancient jujube trees、ancient jujube orchards and jujube

culture

– The protection of landscape

No

.

Tree

No. Householder

DBH

/cm

Height

/m

Crown

/m

Main Branch

Number Health Condition

1 001 WU Cunping 200 7 6×4 3 Rotted

2 005 WU Cunping 250 7 7×4.5 3 Healthy

3 006 WU Cunping 260 6.5 5×3 2 Hollow

4 019 WU Zhanyu 250 7.1 6×4 5 Healthy

5 030 WU Linzhi 228 6 5×4 2 Cracked, Rotted

6 042 WU Yaozeng 280 6 3×4 2 Hollow, Rotted

7 045 WU Yuelin 220 9 5×6 2 Hollow, Rotted

8 057 WU Guojin 220 7 3×3 3 Cracked, Rotted,

Hollow

9 065 WU Guoxiong 261 10 8×5 4 Cracked, Rotted

10 066 WU Guoxiong 210 11 5×3 2 Cracked, Rotted

11 067 WU Guoxiong 205 9 6×6 3 Cracked, Rotted

12 082 WU Huasheng 210 6 4×4 1 Hollow, Rotted

13 095 WU Zhengxiong 204 10 5×4 1 1/2 Hollow, Rotted

14 097 WU Zhangong 244 9 6×4 2 Cracked, Rotted

15 098 WU Zhangong 242 12 8×6 2 Cracked, Rotted

………………

• (2)Development planning

– The development of ecological products

– The development of sustainable tourism

• (3)The planning of capacity building

– The capacity of cultural consciousness

– The capacity of decision-making and participation

– The capacity of operation and management

Thank you！