;'gfv/L ;+sng tyf v]tL ljsf;

-sfo{ljlw_ lgb]{lzsf, @)^(

g]kfn ;/sf/

jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno

1

g]kfn ;/sf/ -dfggLo dGqL:t/_ af6 :jLs[t ldlt @)^(.!!.@$

;'gfv/L ;+sng tyf v]tL ljsf; -sfo{ljlw_ lgb]{lzsf, @)^( k|:tfjgf g]kfnsf] jg If]qleq kfOg] ;'gfv/L (Orchidaceae_ kl/jf/sf ag:kltsf] plrt ;+/If0f, Joj:yfkg, v]tL ljsf; / k|zf]wg u/L cfo j[4L tyf /f]huf/L k|jw{g ug{ ;'gfv/Lsf] ;+sng, cf];f/–k;f/ tyf lgsf;LnfO{ ;/n, ;xh, Jojl:yt, kf/bzL{ tyf pQ/bfoL agfpb} n}hfg] p2]Zon] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod ^& n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon] of] sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf agfO{ hf/L u/]sf] 5 .

kl/R5]b –!

k|f/lDes

!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM -!_ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd æ;'gfv/L ;+sng tyf v]lt ljsf; -sfo{ljlw_ lgb]{lzsf, @)^(Æ /x]sf] 5 .

-@_ of] lgb]{lzsf t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiffM laifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf,

-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] jg P]g, @)$( ;Demg'k5{ .

-v_ ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! ;Demg'k5{ .

-u_ æclwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Læ eGgfn] lhNnf jg clws[tnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn] lhNnf jg clws[t lgo'Qm gePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] clws[t ;d]tnfO{ hgfpFb5 .

-3_ æ;'gfv/LÆ eGgfn] jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] cg';"rL— # sf] v08 -r_ sf] g+= & adf]lhdsf] jg k}bfjf/nfO{ ;Demg'k5{{ . ;fy} ;f] zAbn] jg h+un leq ?vsf xfFuf jf af]qmfdf x's{g] OlkkmfO6 (Epiphyte), r§fg jf df6f]df x's{g] 6]/]i6«Lon (Terrestrial) / jg:klt jf hGt' s'lxPsf] :yfgdf x's{g] ;fk|f]kmfO6 (Saprophyte) cGtu{t kg]{ ;'gfv/L, ufd8f]n (Brachycorythis obcordata), hLjGtL (Ephemerantha macraei), Acampe spp., Coelogyne spp., Dendrobium spp. / Otochilus spp. nufotsf ;'gfv/L (Orchidaceae) kl/jf/sf cg';"rL– ( df pNn]v ePsf ;Dk"0f{ jg:klt k|hfltnfO{ hgfpF5 .

-ª_ æIf]qÆ eGgfn] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ p2]Zon] lhNnf jg sfof{non] rf/ lsNnf tf]sL 5'6\ofPsf] jg If]qnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

-r_ æjg v08Æ eGgfn] If]q cGtu{t lhNnf jg sfof{non] kl/df0f tf]sL ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ p2]Zon] :ki6;Fu rf/ lsNnf tf]sL 5'6\ofPsf] jg If]q cGtu{tsf] jg v08 nfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

-5_ æpBf]uÆ eGgfn] k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ eO{ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug{, k|zf]wg ug{ jf v]tL ug{ Ohfht kfPsf] pBf]unfO{ ;Demg'kb{5 .

2

-h_ æk|zf]wgÆ eGgfn] ;'gfv/L] ;'sfP/ nR5f agfOPsf] jf w"nf] agfO{ d"No clej[l4 ug]{ jf :j?k kl/jt{g u/L pkof]uL j:t' jf kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ sfo{ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpFb5 .

-em_ ælgsfoÆ eGgfn] jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno cGtu{tsf lgsfonfO{ ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn] o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] jg If]qdf ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug{ Ohfht k|fKt u/]sf OhfhtkqjfnfnfO{ ;d]t hgfpFb5 .

-`_ æsfdbf/Æ eGgfn] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfoaf6 ;'gfv/L ;+sng Pj+ 9'jfgL ug{, jg h+un nufot l8kf] tyf 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] ;'gfv/L ;+/If0f ug{ v6fOPsf JolQmnfO{ hgfpFb5 .

-6_ æ;'k/efOh/Æ eGgfn] sfdbf/ sf] sfdsf] lg/LIf0f ug{ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfoaf6 v6fOPsf] :j?k kl/jt{g u/L pkof]uL j:t' jf kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ JolQm jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

-7_ æ3f6u2LÆ eGgfn] ;+sng ePsf] ;'gfv/LnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f, cf];f/ k;f/ jf cGo tj/n] xs x:tfGt/0f geP;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg lhNnf jg sfof{non] tf]s]sf] 7fpFnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

-8_ æcg'udgÆ eGgfn] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ If]qdf ;'gfv/L ;+sng eO{ /x]sf] ;dodf jf ;+sng sfo{ ;DkGg eP kZrft\ tt\ ;DaGwL eP u/]sf sfo{x?nfO{ :jLs[t of]hgf adf]lhd 7Ls t/Lsfn] sfd eP gePsf] ljifodf :ynut e|d0f u/L cWoog tyf lg/LIf0f ug]{ / ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

-9_ æjflif{s cg'udgÆ eGgfn] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ sfd ug{ cg'dlt kfPsf] jgdf ;'gfv/L ;+sng tyf 3f6u2L / 5f]8k"hL{ cflb ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 pBf]un] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf ;DalGwt lhNnf jg clws[t jf lghn] v6fPsf] sd{rf/Ln] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ cg'dltsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePkl5 x/]s jif{ ug]{ :ynut cg'udgnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

-0f_ æ;j]{If0f Pj+ cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfoÆ eGgfn] jg ljefu, jg:klt ljefu jf jg cg';Gwfg tyf ;e]{If0f ljefunfO{ ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn] h8La'6L pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg sDkgL / tt\ ;DaGwL ljifodf cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf kfPsf] :jb]zL ;+3, ;+:yf tyf Ohfht k|fKt ug]{ JolQm ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

kl/R5]b –@

;|f]t ;j]{If0f tyf jg If]q 5gf}6 ;DjGwL Aoj:yf

#= ;|f]t ;j]]{If0f ;DjGwL cfwf/e't tYofÍ ;+sng ug'{kg]{M -!_ ;'gfv/LnfO{ nf]k x'gaf6 arfpg, ;'gfv/L ;+sng Pj+ lgsf;L ug{ lbg] cflwsfl/s lgsfo lhNnf jg sfof{non] cfjZostf cg';f/ jg:klt lj1sf] ;+nUgtfdf ;'gfv/Lsf] lj:t[t ;|f]t ;j]{If0f u/L lhNnfsf] kfFr jif]{ sfo{ of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 .

-@_ :ynut ?kdf uO{ gfk lnOPsf gd"gf Kn6x?sf] k'gM lg/LIf0f, ;j]{If0f ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ePsfn] To:tf Kn6x? ;se/ lkmN8df :ki6 b]lvg] u/L tyf /]s8{df cflwsfl/s / e/kbf]{ x'g] u/L ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .

$= tYofÍ ljZn]if0f tyf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{kg]{M -!_ ;|f]t ;j]{If0fsf] cfwf/df ljleGg lsl;dsf ;'gfv/Lsf] k|hfltsf] cj:yf, ltgsf] pknAwtfsf] ;fy} lbuf]?kdf ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] cf}ift kl/df0f olsg u/L ;f] sf] cfwf/df ;'gfv/L kfOg] jgnfO{ juL{s/0f ug'{ kg]{5 / oL If]qsf] gS;f ;lxt rf/ lsNnf :ki6;Fu olsg ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f]] ljj/0fdf jg If]qx?sf] gfdfs/0f ;d]t :ki6;Fu pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .

3

-@_ ;|f]t ;j]{If0fsf] tYofÍsf] cfwf/df x/]s jg v08sf]] 5'§f–5'§} lx;fa u/L lhNnf e/df lbuf]?kdf pknAw x'g;Sg] ;'gfv/Lsf]] jflif{s kl/df0f :ki6;Fu v'Ng] u/L ;|f]t ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] k|ltj]bg pk/ jg ljefun] k|fljlws 6f]nL u7g u/L jf jg:klt ljefuaf6 ;f] k|ltj]bgsf] k|fljlws ?kn] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f u/fO{ pko'St b]lvPdf ;f] sf] l;kmfl/zdf jg ljefun] k|ltj]bg :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 .

%= If]q 5gf}6 tyf jftfj/0fLo cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{kg]{M -!_ bkmf $ adf]lhdsf] k|s[of k"/f e} ;s]kl5 ;'gfv/L lbuf] ?kdf ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] kl/df0fnfO{ ;d]t dWogh/ /fvL ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ If]q lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] If]qnfO{ jg sfo{of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 .

-#_ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L jftfj/0fLo cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 :jLs[t ePkl5 :jLs[t jg sfo{of]hgfsf] clwgdf /xL kl/R5]b –# adf]lhdsf] ljlw cg';f/ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug'{ kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b –# ;'gfv/L ;+sngsf] nflu v08 ljefhg

^= ;'gfv/L ;+sngsf] nflu jg v08 ljefhg ug]{M -!_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ul/g]] jg If]qnfO{

lbuf]?kdf ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] ;'gfv/Lsf] kl/df0f x]/L ;s];Dd k|fs[lts l;dfgfsf] cfwf/df

v08 ljefhg ug'{kg]{5 . ;'gfv/Lsf] k|fs[lts k'g?Tkfbg ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L jg If]qnfO{

ljleGg v08df ljefhg u/L tL v08df kfFr jif{sf] rqmLo k|0ffnL cg';f/ dfq ;'gfv/L ;+sng

ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ If]q 5gf}6 ug]{ sfo{ ul/;s]kl5 ;f] If]qdf ePsf] ;'gfv/L kfOg]

?vsf] ;+Vof, r§fg jf hdLgsf] jf:tljs ;tx, If]qkmn lx;fj u/L pknAw x'g ;Sg]

;'gfvl/sf] k|hftL lkR5]sf] kl/df0f olsg ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ ;'gfv/L kfOg] If]qsf] klxrfg Pj+ If]q 5gf}6 / jg v08 lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO{

;s]kl5 ;f] sf] :ki6 ljj/0f lhNnf jg sfof{non] cg';"rL— ! adf]lhdsf]] /lhi6/ v8f u/L

clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .

-$_ nut agfOPsf] /lhi6/sf] Ps÷Ps k|lt ;DalGwt ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfo,

/]~hkf]i6 / Onfsf jg sfof{non] /fVg' kb{5 . Ps k|lt /lhi6/ lhNnf jg sfof{nodf clgjfo{

/fVg' kb{5 h'g /lhi6/nfO{ c'gudgsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . olb ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ sfo{

;fd'bflos jg jf ;+/lIft jg If]qaf6 ul/g] xf] eg] ;DalGwt ;d"xnfO{ ;d]t nut agfOPsf]

/lhi6/sf] Ps k|lt pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

&= ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ t/LsfM -!_ ;|f]t ;j]{If0fsf] cfwf/df ;'gfv/Lsf] s'g k|hflt sxfF slt

pknAw 5, osLg u/L lglZrt If]q tf]sL lgodfg';f/ ;+sng Ohfht lbg] / ;+sng sfo{

tf]lsPsf] If]qdf dfq ul/g' kg]{5 .

-@_ ;'gfv/Lsf] ;+sng cg'dlt lbg' cufj} o;sf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL zt{x? tf]sL pQm zt{x? kfngf ug]{ JolQm, pBf]u of lgsfonfO{ dfq} cg'dlt lbg'kg]{ 5 .

4

-#_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng Ohfht lbg'k"j{ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{non]] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ :jLs[t ;|f]t ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg cg';f/ jg If]q tyf jg v08sf] :ki6;Fu rf/ lsNnf olsg ug'{kg]{ 5 . ;'gfv/L ;+sng ubf{ lhNnf jg sfof{non] tf]s]sf] jg k|fljlwssf] /]vb]v÷/f]xa/df tf]lsPsf] jg If]q jf jg v08af6 dfq u/fpg'kg]{ 5 .

-$_ ;+sng cg'dlt k|fKt ug]{ pBf]u jf lgsfon] ;+snsx?nfO{ ;'gfv/Lsf] xfFuf sf6\bf wfl/nf] xltof/ jf l;s]r/ k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 . ;'gfv/L ;+sng ubf{ o:tf pks/0f k|of]u eP gePsf] s'/f ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{non] cg'udg ug'{ kg]{5 .

-%_ ?vdf kfOg] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ubf{ ?vnfO{ k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L ?vsf] af]qmf tf5\g, ?vsf xfFuf sf6\g / ?v 9fNg kfOg] 5}g .

-^_ r§fg jf hldgdf kfOg] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ubf{ e"–Ifo x'g] u/L ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

-&_ ;'gfv/Lsf] k|fs[lts :yfgaf6 pknAw ;|f]tsf] !)Ü ;Dd ;+sng of]Uo efu dfq ;+sng ug'{ kg]{5 . ;+sng ubf{ pd]/ k'lu;s]sf] ;'gfv/Lsf] s]xL k|hgg\ efu -@)Ü gofF / ;–;fgf lj?jfx?_ ltgs} jf;:yfgdf /xg] u/L 5f]8]/ ;+sng ug'{kg]{ 5 .

-*_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ubf{ pv]Ng' x'b}g / eF'O{ jf jf]6sf] km]bsf] ;txeGbf % ;]=dL=dflyaf6 x/]s uFfhdf slDtdf @ xfFuf 5f8L ;+sng ug'{ kg]{5 .

-(_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ubf{ km"n km"Ng] ;do / a[l4 x'g] ;dodf ;+sng ug'{ u/fpg' xF'b}g . k|fs[lts ?kdf kfOg] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ubf{ df3 b]lv kmfu'g;Dd b'O{ dlxgfsf] ;dodf dfq} ;+sng ug{' u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-!)_ df3 / kmfu'g b'O{ dlxgfsf] ;do eGbf cufl8 / k5fl8sf] ;dodf ;+sng u/] u/fPdf ;+sng ug]{ u/fpg] JolQm jf lgsfonfO{ sfnf] ;"rLdf /fvL cg'dltkq /2 u/L k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g]5 .

-!!_ Pp6f jg If]qaf6 Ps k6s ;'gfv/L ;+sng u/]sf] sDtLdf kfFr jif{ kl5 dfq pknAwtfsf] cj:yf x]/L csf]{ k6s ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

*= 3f6u2L :yfg tf]Sg'kg]{M -!_ ;+slnt ;'gfv/Lsf] 3f6u2L :yfg ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{non] tf]Sg' kg]{5 .

-@_ 3f6u2L :yfg tf]Sbf ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{non] cfˆgf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ ;a} jg v08x¿nfO{ kfos kg]{ u/L / k|To]s v08sf] lgoldt lg/LIf0f x'g;Sg] s'/fnfO{ ;d]t ljrf/ u/L :yfg 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .

(= ;'gfv/Lsf] 9'jfgL Joj:YffM-!_ k|To]s jg v08af6 ;+sng ul/Psf] ;'gfv/LnfO{ af]/fdf /fvL tf]lsPsf] kfos kg]{ 3f6u2L :yfgdf 9'jfgL u/L ;'/lIft ;fy k'¥ofpg] Joj:yf ;DalGwt ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ pBf]u cfkm}+n] ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

-@_ 3f6u2L :yfgaf6 ;'gfv/L k|zf]wg :yn jf pBf]u jf sf/vfgf :yn;Dd n}hfgsf] nflu lgodfg';f/ nfUg] /fhZj b:t'/ a'emfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 cg';"rL— @ adf]lhdsf] rnfgL k"hL{ / cg';"rL— # cg';f/sf] 9fFrfdf 5f]8k"hL{ lng' kg]{5 .

-#_ lhNnf jg sfof{non] lbPsf] 5f]8k"hL{ / rnfgL k"hL{sf] cfwf/df O{nfsf, /]Ghk]f:6 jf jg rf}sLx?n] ;'gfv/Lsf] r]shfFr ug'{ kg]{5 . rnfgL kq cg';f/ ;'gfv/Lsf] kl/df0f tyf cGo s'/fx? b'?:t ePdf ;Ssn rnfgL k"hL{sf] k5fl8 b/lk6 u/L 5f]8L lbg' kg]{5 .

-$_ ;+slnt ;'gfv/L ;f]xL cfly{s jif{sf] kmfu'g;Dddf 3f6u2L :yfgaf6 lgodfg';f/sf] k|s[of k"/f u/L ;'gfv/L k|zf]wg ug]{ pBf]u jf sf/vfgf :yn;Dd 9'jfgL u/L;Sg' kg]{5 .

5

kl/R5]b –$ tflnd tyf ;'/Iff;DaGwL Joj:yf

!)= sd{rf/L tyf sfdbf/nfO{ tflnd lbg'kg]{M -!_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ If]q 5gf}6, ;'gfv/L ;+sng, 9'jfgL / 3f6u2L, lgolGqt cfuf] nufpg], ;/;kmfO{ ;'/Iff nufotsf sfo{df ;s];Dd :yfgLo ;d'bfo jf JolStx?nfO{ ;+nUg ug{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ 5 . o;/L ;+nUg x'g] ;Dk"0f{ sfdbf/ / ;'k/efOh/x?nfO{ o; ;DaGwL sfo{ z'? ug'{ cufj} cfjZos Pj+ Jojxfl/s 1fg lbg ;DalGwt lgsfon] tflndsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

-@_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfon] jg ;+/If0fdf :yfgLo hgtfsf] r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ r]tgfd"ns sfo{s|d ;d]t ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf/afxLdf tflnd k|fKt cg'ejL JolStmx?nfO{ sfddf nufpg' kg]{5 .

-$_ sfdbf/x?sf] nflu tflnd ;DalGwt pBf]u jf ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfon] ;+rfng ug'{kg]{ 5 . o;sf ;fy} ;DalGwt pBf]u jf ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfon] lhNnf jg sfof{no jf If]qLo jg tflnd s]Gb|;+u ;dGjo u/L To; k|sf/sf] tflnd ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] 5 .

!!= ;/;kmfO{ / ;'/Iff Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ M -!_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu ;DalGwt pBf]un] ;/;kmfO{ / ;'/Iffsf] plrt k|aGw ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

-@_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng sfo{ ubf{ nfUg] ;fgfltgf 3fp–rf]6k6ssf] pkrf/sf nflu dnxd, cfof]l8g, skf;, k§Lh:tf k|fylds pkrf/sf ;fdfg k|To]s l8kf]df ;DalGwt pBf]un] clgjfo{ ?kdf /fVg' kg]{5 .

-#_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng jf tT;DaGwL sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf sfdbf/x¿ jgdf lxF8\bf af6f]df kg]{ af]6 la?jfnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL gk'¥ofpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

-$_ jgIf]qdf /x]sf jGohGt'nfO{ t;f{pg], nv]6\g], dfg]{, ltgLx?sf] jf;:yfgnfO{ Iflt jf cGo s'g} tj/n] klg xfgL gf]S;fgL gx'g] cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . ;fy} jGohGt'nfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'Ug ;Sg] s'g} lsl;dsf xft xltof/ jgIf]qdf n}hfg kfOg] 5}g .

-%_ jgIf]qleq /x]sf d7–dlGb/, kfgL d'xfg jf k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;Dkbf Pj+ jg, hnfwf/ tyf jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0fsf] b[li6n] ;+j]bgzLn If]qsf] slDtdf !)) ld6/ j/k/ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

-^_ k|rlnt sfg"gn] lgif]w u/]sf s'g} klg sfd sf/afxL gug{ jf x'g glbg pBf]u jf ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfon] plrt Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b – %

;'gfv/Lsf] Jofj;flos v]tL

!@= ;'gfv/Lsf] Jofj;flos v]tL ljsf; ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ pBf]u jf ;'gfv/L ;+sng Pj+ k|zf]wg ug]{ lgsfo jf JolQmn] ;'gfv/Lsf] Joj;flos v]tL ug{ ;Sg]5 . v]tLug{ vf]lhPsf] k|hfltsf] klxrfg jg:klt ljefuaf6 u/fO{ ;f] sf] lj:t[t Joj;flos of]hgf tof/ u/L jg:klt ljefusf] k|fljlws l;kmfl/; ;lxt ;f] of]hgf jg ljefuaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 . :jLs[t Jofj;flos of]hgfdf pNn]lvt ;'gfv/L k|hfltsf dfp la?jf lgodfjnLdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] /fh:j lt/L k|fKt ug{ / ;fOl6; dxf;lGwsf k|fjwfg k"/f u/L ljb]zjf6 cfoft ug{ ;lsg]5 .

6

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;'gfv/L k|hfltsf] v]tL lj:tf/ u/L j]gf{ pTkfbg ug{ Jofj;flos of]hgfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd tGt' k|hgg\ nufotsf cGo h}ljs k|ljlw ckgfO{ a]gf{ pTkfbg u/L u|Lg xfp;df x'sf{pg' kg]{5 .

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;'gfv/L k|hfltsf] v]tL u/L Joj;fo ug]{ Jofkfl/s kmd{ jf pBf]u;Fu clgjfo{ ?kdf tGt' k|hgg\ k|of]uzfnf x'g' kg]{5 . of] k|hgg\ k|of]uzfnf tTsfn :yfkgf ug{ ;Dej gePdf g]kfndf pknAw lghL tGt' k|hgg\ k|of]uzfnf;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L lj?jf pTkfbg ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf Jofkfl/s kmd{nfO{ rflxg] ;+Vofdf a]gf{ pTkfbg x'g] Joj:yf u/]kl5 dfq} lgsf;Lsf] nflu ;fOl6; cg'dlt kq jg ljefuaf6 k|bfg ul/g]5 .

-$_ pkbkmf -#_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] k|ljlw af6 pTkfbg u/]sf a]gf{ ;fd'bflos jg jf lghL jg jf sa'lnotL jgdf kfOg] ?vsf] xfFufdf /f]kL pTkfbg ug{sf] nflu To:tf ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmfx?sf] ;xdltdf ;'gfv/L k|hfltsf] v]tL ug{ OR5's JolQm, kmd{ jf sDkgLn] To;af6 pTkflbt pTkfbgnfO{ lsGg] k|Tofe"lt x'g] u/L s/f/gfdf ug'{kg]{ 5 . v]tLsf ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ z'?d} hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 / ;+slnt pTkfbgnfO{ klg v]tL u/L pTkfbg ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/f ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{noaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf pTkfbg ul/Psf ;'gfv/Lsf] a]gf{nfO{ u|Lg xfp; jf au}+rfdf /f]kL oy]i6 dfqfdf pTkfbg ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] cg'udg ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug'{kb{5 .

-^_ ;fd'bflos jgdf jf u|Lg xfp; jf ;]8 xfp;df /f]kL pTkfbg ul/Psf] pTkfbgdf k|fs[lts :yfgaf6 ;+sng ul/Psf] ;'gfv/L ld;fpg kfOg] 5}g . o;/L ld;fOPdf ld;fpg] / ld;fpg ;xdlt lbg] clwsf/LnfO{ ;d]t k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g]5 .

-&_ x/]s jif{ sxfF slt ;'gfv/Lsf] v]tL ul/Psf] 5 elg ;DalGwt kmd{ jf sDkgLn] ;DalGwt If]qsf] lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ / jg:klt ljefunfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{ 5 .

-*_ ;'gfv/LnfO{ k|zf]wg u/]/ dfq} lgsf;L ug{'kg]{ 5 .

-(_ ;a} ;'gfv/Lsf k|hflt ;fOl6; sf] cg';"rLdf kg]{ ePsf]n] o;sf] lbuf] ;+/If0f ;Dj4{g / Joj:yfkg kIfdf ;d]t hf]8 lbg' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b –^

k'g:yf{kg sfo{ / cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ;DaGwL Joj:yf

!#= k'g:yf{kgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ M -!_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng sfo{af6 ;'gfv/L]sf] lbuf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / ljsf;df kg{;Sg] k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ /f]Sg tyf o;af6 kg]{ jftfj/0fLo k|efj ;d]tnfO{ Go"lgs/0f u/L lbuf] ?kdf ;+sng ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;DjlGwt cg'dlt k|fKt pBf]un] lhNnf jg sfof{non] tf]lslbPsf] :yfgdf ;'gfv/Lsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Daw{g ug]{ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ 5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug{ pknAw u/fOg] jg If]q ;'gfv/L ;+sngsf nflu pknAw u/fOPsf] If]q leq} jf ;f] If]q;Fu hf]l8Psf] pko'Qm :yfgdf lhNnf jg clws[t cfkm}+n] jf lghn] v6fPsf] k|fljlwsn] ;se/ Pp6} :yfgsf] vf]hL u/L pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd ;'gfv/Lsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Daw{g ug]{ vfnsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ nfUg] ;Dk"{0f vr{ ;DalGwt pBf]u jf lgsfosf] x'g]5 .

7

-$_ ;'gfv/Lsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Daw{g ug{ tf]lsPsf] jg If]q leq /x]sf jf x's]{sf cGo h}ljs ;|f]tx?df k|lts"n c;/ gkfg]{ u/L ;+/If0f sfo{ ul//fVg' kg]{5 .

-%_ lhNnf jg sfof{non] ;'gfv/Lsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Daå{{g ug]{ If]qsf] gfk, gSzf / k|f/lDes cj:yfsf] lrq0f x'g] clen]vsf] ;fy} k|ult ljj/0fsf] hfgsf/L ;d]t cBfjlws u/L jfli{fs ?kdf ;DalGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno / jg ljefudf lbg'kg]{ 5 .

!$= cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg Joj:yfM -!_ ;|f]t ;j]{If0f, ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ If]qsf]] 5gf}6, ;'gfv/L ;+sng, 9'jfgL, 3f6u2L Pj+ lgsf;L, ;'gfv/Lsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Daw{g ug{ tf]lsPsf] jg If]qsf] 5gf}6 ug]{ nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? ;DalGwt /]~hkf]i6sf] /]Gh/sf] k|ToIf lgu/fgLdf dfq ;+rfng ug'{kg]{5 . plNnlvt sfo{x?sf] lgoldt cg'udg gu/]df jf u/fpg g;s]df To;sf] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt /]~hkf]i6sf] /]Gh/, Onfsf jg sfof{nosf ;xfos jg clws[t / lhNnf jg clws[t ;d]tdf /xg]5 .

-@_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng tyf 9'jfgL;Fu ;DjlGwt sfo{x?df s'g} lsl;dsf] clgoldttf b]lvPdf t'?Gt ;f] sf] /f]syfd u/L cfjZos ;'wf/ ;d]tsf] Joj:yf ;DalGwt /]~hkf]i6, O{nfsf jg sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug'{kg]{5 . To:tf] clgoldttf ePsf] af/]df ;DalGwt lhNnf jg clws[tn] sf/afxL u/L If]qLo jg lgb]{zs / jg ljefusf dxflgb]{zs ;d]tnfO{ t'?Gt hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .

-#_ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg clws[tn] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ sfo{sf] :jLs[t k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f÷jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf k|fjwfgx? nufot ;'gfv/L ;+sng ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] pBf]u jf ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfox?n] ;Demf}tf cg'¿k sfo{ u/] gu/]sf] lgoldt?kdf cg'udg ug'{ kg]{5 .

-$_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng tyf ljqmL ljt/0f ;DaGwL dfl;s k|ult ljj/0f lhNnf jg sfof{non] cg';"rL— $ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;DalGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno / jg ljefudf clgjfo{ ?kdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

-%_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ;DaGwL sfo{sf] jflif{s cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍg ug{ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg clws[t jf lghn] tf]s]sf] k|fljlws sd{rf/Ln]] clgjfo{ ?kn] :ynut lg/LIf0f u/L lg/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] ;du| cj:yf, jg If]qdf k/]sf] ;du| k|efj ;d]tsf] jf:tljstf v'n]sf] :ki6 / tYok/s :ynut k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ;DalGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zgfno / jg ljefudf Ps÷Ps k|lt k7fpg' kg]{5 .

-^_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ l;hg ;lsPsf] tLg dlxgfleq pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd jflif{s cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍg ug]{ sfo{ ;+sng ug]{ lgsfosf] k|ltlglw / lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df ;DalGwt If]qLo jg lgb]{zs jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Ln] ul/;Sg' kg]{5 . jflif{s cg'udg kmf/fdsf] gd"gf cg';"rL— % adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-&_ jflif{s cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍg ubf{ lgodfg';f/ ul/g' kg]{ sfdx? eP u/]sf] gkfOPdf ;DalGwt pBf]u jf ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfonfO{ k|rlnt P]g lgodfg';f/ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] sf/jfxL ug'{ kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b –&

clUg lgoGq0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf

!%= clUg lgoGq0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{M -!_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng If]q nufot glhssf] cGo jg If]q, ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ 3f6u2Ldf ;d]t cfunfuL x'g glbgsf] nflu ;DalGwt pBf]u jf lgsfon] ;dodf g} ;r]t eO{ clUg lgoGq0fsf] plrt k|aGw ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

8

-@_ jgdf cfuf] nfUg glbgsf] nflu ljz]if u/L ;'Vvf ofddf aflx/ xfjf nfUg] 7fpFdf sfdbf/x?nfO{ hyfefjL cfuf] afn]/ vfgf ksfpg lbg' x'Fb}g . ;fy} vfgf ksfO{ ;s]kl5 afn]sf] cfuf] /fd|/L lgefpg nufpg' kg]{5 .

-#_ jg If]qdf sfdbf/x?n] r'/f]6, la8L vfP/ 7"6f] glgefOsg hyfefjL kmfNg' x'Fb}g .

-$_ dl§t]n, l8h]n, df]ljn, k]6«f]n cflb k|of]u ubf{, ;'gfv/L ;+sng, 9'jfgL / 3f6u2L ubf{ ;d]t hyfefjL kf]lvg] u/L ug'{ x'Fb}g .

-%_ ;'gfv/Lsf] e08f/0f ;se/ jg If]q aflx/ v'Nnf 7fpFdf ug'{k5{ / cfunfuLaf6 ;'/lIft /fVg ;w}+ To;sf] jl/k/L ;kmf;'U3/ /fVg' kg]{5 .

-^_ 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] ;'gfv/L cfunfuLaf6 hf]ufpg jl/kl/sf] ;'gfv/L kltË/nfO{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;kmf u/L /fVg'kg]{5 / ;DalGwt pBf]u jf lgsfon] cfunfuL lgoGq0fsf nflu kfnf] kx/fsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .

-&_ jg If]q Pj+ 3f6u2Ldf s'g} sf/0faf6 cfuf] nfUg uPdf sd{rf/L / sfdbf/x? ;a} ldnL t'?Gt} lgefpg' kg]{5 . 7"nf] cfuf] nfu]df :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;d]t ;xof]u lnO{ cfuf] lgefpg' kg]{5 .

-*_ jg If]qdf ePsf] cfunfuLsf] hfgsf/L t'?Gt ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . lhNnf jg clws[tn] klg cfuf] nfu]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf Iflt x'g glbg cfjZos k|aGw tTsfn ldnfpg' kg]{5 . ;fy} To:tf] jg If]qsf] lg/LIf0f lhNnf jg clws[t :jo+ jf cfˆgf] dftxtsf] sd{rf/L v6fO{ cfunfuLsf] If]qkmn / xfgL–gf]S;fgLsf] kl/df0f olsg u/L k]z ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . s;}sf] hfgfhfgL jf nfk/jfxLsf] sf/0f cfunfuL ePsf] b]lvg cfPdf lhNnf jg clws[tn] jg P]g, @)$( adf]lhd sf/afxL ug'{kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b –*

ljljw

!^= ljljwM -!_ pBf]u jf ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfon] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ jg If]q tyf ?v 5gf}6, ;'gfv/L ;+sng, 9'jfgL Pj+ 3f6u2L nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x?df v6fOPsf sfdbf/, ;'k/efOh/ nufotsf ;a} sd{rf/Lx?sf] tLg k':t] ljj/0f cg';"rL— ^ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf sfd k|f/De ug'{ cufj} ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nodf clgjfo{ ?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy} To:tf ;Dk"{0f sd{rf/L Pj+ sfdbf/x?nfO{ cg';"rL— & adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf kmf]6f] ;lxtsf] kl/ro kq pBf]u jf ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfon] clgjfo{ ?kn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-@_ jg d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf a/fdb ePsf] ;'gfv/L hkmt x'g] 7xl/Pdf jf

a]jfl/;L ;'gfv/L ePdf jf o:t} k|s[tLsf] ;'gfv/L k|fKt x'g cfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'g] 7x/ ePdf jg k}bfjf/ lnnfd ljqmL ljt/0f sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf, @)^) adf]lhd x'g]5 . -#_ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] ;'gfv/L kfOg] ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jgsf] s'g} If]qnfO{ jLp pTkfbg, cg';Gwfg jf tflnd ;~rfng If]qsf] ?kdf tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .

-$_ ;'gfv/L ;DaGwL j}1flgs cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug{ s'g} JolQm, z}lIfs ;+:yf nufotsf lgsfon] k|:tfj ;lxt cg'/f]w u/]df jg:klt laefusf] l;kmfl/;df jg laefun] z;t{ cg'dlt lbg;Sg]5 . o:tf] cWoog, cg';Gwfgsf] Ps÷Ps k|lt jg ljefu / jg:klt ljefunfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .

9

-%_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng Pj+ k|zf]wg u/L ljb]z lgsf;L ug{ rfxg] pBf]u jf lgsfon] ;fOl6;sf] j}1flgs lgsfo jg:klt ljefusf] lzkmfl/;df ;fO{l6;sf] Joj:yfkg lgsfo jg ljefusf] cg'dlt lng'kg]{5 . jg ljefun] lbg] ;fOl6; sf] cg'dlt kq cg';"rL— * df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] x'g]5 . of] lgb]{lzsf nfu" x'g' cufj} k|rlnt P]g, lgod / ;fOl6; dxf;lGw adf]lhdsf k|lqmofx? Kf'/f u/L ;+sng ePsf ;'gfv/LnfO{ o;} lgb]{lzsf jdf]lhd ePsf] lgsf;L Ohfht lbg ;lsg] 5 .

-^_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug{ rfxg] pBf]unfO{ ;f] sfo{ ug{ cg'dlt lbg' k"j{ jg If]qsf] ljBdfg jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ cg';f/ cfjZos k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f÷jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg ul/g]5 .

-&_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]lvt s'g} s'/fsf ;DaGwdf ljjfb pTkGg ePdf To:tf ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ clwsf/ g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnonfO{ x'g]5 .

10

cg';"rL– !

-bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ g]kfn ;/sf/

jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno

jg ljefu

lhNnf jg sfof{no =============

;'gfv/Lsf] ;|f]t ;j]{If0fsf] /lhi6«/ cf= j= ===========

lhNnf jg sfof{noM ===================== Onfsf jg sfof{noM ================= /]~hkf]i6M==============uf= lj= ;= ====================j8f g+= ======= jgsf] gfd M– ============= ======== ======================= jgsf] If]qkmn============ rf/ lsNnf M k"j{ ================ klZrd ================ pQ/============== blIf0f=================== ;|f]t ;j]{If0f ul/Psf] jif{ / dlxgf M– ================ ======================== ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug{ nfos hDdf jgsf] If]qkmn M ================== ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug{ nfos t/ ;'gfv/L ;+sng gu/L 5f]l8Psf] hDdf jgsf] If]qkmnM============= pBf]u jf ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfosf] gfd / 7]ufgfM ==================================

jg v08 g+=

jg v08sf] gfd=

jg v08sf] s"n If]qkmn

;'gfv/L ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] jg v08sf] If]qkmn

hDdf ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] ;'gfv/Lsf]

kl/df0f

;+sng ul/g] ;'gfv/Lsf] kl/df0f

s}lkmot

! @ # $ %

;|f]t ;j]{If0f ug]{ /]~hkf]i6÷O= j= sf=sf] tkm{jf6 lh=j=sf=sf] tkm{ af6 sfdbf/sf] ljj/0f ;|f]t ;j]{If0f sfo{sf] r]sug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f ! gfdM / bhf{ =========== !============== @ =========== @ =========== =

k]z ug]{ r]s hfFr ug]{÷l;kmfl/z ug]{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ ================ ======================= ======================= -;'k/efOh/_ -/]~h/÷;=j=c=_ -lhNnf jg clws[t_

11

cg';"rL– @

-bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ g]kfn ;/sf/

jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno

jg ljefu lhNnf jg sfof{no ========

;'gfv/L lgsf;Lsf] nflu rnfgL k'hL{sf] gd"gfM

rnfgL g+= ============ 5f]8k"hL{sf] r= g+= ===== rnfgL ldlt ================= 5f]8k"hL{sf] ldltM === af]/f ;+VofM ==========kl/df0fM ==========ls= u|f================= ;jf/L ;fwgsf] lsl;d / gDa/M =====================8«fO{e/sf] gfdM ================= sxfF b]lvM ============================= sxfF;Dd ================== . 5f]8k"hL{ kfpg]sf] gfd / 7]ufgf -pBf]u jf lgsfosf] gfd / 7]ufgf_M ============== ==

rnfgL g++= jg v08 g++=

;+sng ug]{ sfdbf/sf] gfd

9'jfgL ug]{ sfdbf/sf] gfd

3f6u2L :yfg

9'jfgL u/]sf] af]/f ;+Vof

9'jfgL ug]{ af]/fsf] l;=g+= x? / tf}n

k]z ug]{ r]s hfFr ug]{÷l;kmfl/z ug]{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ ================ ======================= ======================= -;'k/efOh/_ -/]~h/÷;=j=c=_ -lhNnf jg clws[t_

12

cg';"rL– #

-bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ g]kfn ;/sf/

jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno

jg ljefu

lhNnf jg sfof{no =======

;'gfv/Lsf]] 5f]8k"hL{ kq ;+VofM rnfgLM ldltM

ljifoM ;'gfv/Lsf] 5f]8k"hL{ lbPsf] jf/] . >L ===========================

lhNnf jg sfof{no, ============== sf] ldlt ===================== sf] 5f]8kq g+= ============== cg';f/ tkl;n adf]lhdsf] nfUg] /sd gubL g+= ========÷ef}r/ g+= ========== af6 ?= ================-cIf]?kL =========_ k|fKt e};s]sf] x'Fbf cfhsf] ldltn] ============= lbg leq ;f] ;'gfv/L p7fO{ n}hfg' xf]nf . Dofb leq ;'gfv/L p7fO{ gnuL lxgfldgf ePdf ;f] sf] lhDd]jf/ :jo+ tkfO{ g} x'g] / tf]lsPsf] k|of]hg / :yfgdf gnuL clgoldt eP u/]df sfg'g adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g] Joxf]/f ;d]t ;"lrt ul/G5 . tkl;nM

rnfgL g++= jg

v08sf]

gfd /

g++=

3f6u2L

:yfg

9'jfgL u/]sf]

af]/f ;+Vof

9'jfgL ug]{

af]/fsf] l;=g+= x?

/ tf}n

3f6u2L

:yfg

s}lkmot

;'gfv/L

sf]] gfkL

nut o;}

;fy ;+nUg

5

================================================= =============================== lhNnf jg clws[t jf]wfy{M >L lhNnf jg sfof{no, ============== -k'Ug] 7fpFsf]_ >L ================ O{=j=sf=M sd{rf/Lsf] /f]xj/df nf]8 u/fO{ b/lk7 u/L k7fpFg' x'g . >L n]vf zfvf, >L =================== /]=kf]=

13

cg';"rL–$

-bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

;'gfv/L ;+sng ;DaGwL dfl;s k|ult k|ltj]bg kmf/fd

lhNnf jg sfof{no =============

cf= j= =========================== dlxgfsf] ;'gfv/L ;+sng k|ult k|ltj]bg

-!_ ;'gfv/L ;+sng ljj/0f -s_ ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jgdf

l;= g+= pBf]usf] gfd / 7]ufgf

;'gfv/L ;+sng u/]sf] jgsf] gfd

;'gfv/L ;+sng u/]sf] jg v08sf]

gfd / gDa/

;+slnt ;'gfv/L sf] kl/df0f -ls=

u|f=_

s}lkmot

-s_ ;fd'bflos jgdf

l;= g+= pBf]usf] gfd / 7]ufgf

;'gfv/L ;+sng u/]sf] jgsf] gfd

;'gfv/L ;+sng u/]sf] jg v08sf]

gfd / gDa/

;+slnt ;'gfv/Lsf] kl/df0f -ls= u|f=_

s}lkmot

-@_ 5f]8k"hL{sf] ljj/0f

-s_ ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jgdf

l;= g+= pBf]usf] gfd / 7]ufgf

5f]8k"hL{ ePsf] ;'gfv/Lsf] kl/df0f -ls= u|f=_

hDdf /fhZj -?_

3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] 5f]8k"hL{ x'g afFsL ;'gfv/Lsf]] kl/df0f -ls= u|f=_

s}lkmot

-s_ ;fd'bflos jgdf

l;= g+= pBf]usf] gfd / 7]ufgf

5f]8k"hL{ ePsf] ;'gfv/Lsf] kl/df0f -

ls= u|f=_

hDdf /fhZj -?_

3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] 5f]8k"hL{ x'g afFsL ;'gfv/Lsf]] kl/df0f -ls= u|f=_

s}lkmot

k]z ug]{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ M =============== ========================== bhf{M === -lhNnf jg clws[t_ ldltM ldltM

14

cg';"rL– %

-bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -^_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

jflif{s cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg kmf/fd

cf= j= ==== lhNnf jg sfof{noM ======== Onfsf jg sfof{noM ================ /]~hkf]i6 M======== uf= lj= ;= ===========j8f g+= ======= jgsf] gfd M– ========== jg v08sf] gfd / g+= ==== jg v08sf]] If]qkmn============ rf/ lsNnf M k"j{ ============ klZrd ===== pQ/======== blIf0f ========= ;|f]t ;j]{If0f ul/Psf] jif{ / dlxgf M– ======= ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug{ nfos hDdf jgsf] If]qkmn M=============== ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug{ nfos t/ ;'gfv/L ;+sng gu/L 5f]l8Psf] hDdf jgsf] If]qkmnM ========== pBf]u jf ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfosf] gfd / 7]ufgfM ==================================

l;= g+= jgsf] v08 g+=

5q Jof; -dL6/_

;+sng ug{ of]Uo ;'gfv/Lsf] kl/df0f -ls= u|f=_

;+slnt ;'gfv/Lsf] kl/df0f -ls= u|f=_

s}lkmot

• :ynut lg/LIf0f ul/Psf jg v08x?sf] ;+Vof / gDa/MM ======================= • ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ sfo{ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] ljlwaf6 u/]sf]÷gu/]sf]M ===================== • clgoldt?kaf6 hdLg / r§fgdf ePsf] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ubf{ e"–Ifo eP gePsf]M • clgoldt?kaf6 ?vdf ePsf] ;'gfv/L ;+sng ubf{ dg{ uPsf ?vx?sf] ;+VofM • ;'gfv/L ;+sng tyf 9'jfgL ug]{ sfo{df :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?sf] ;+nUgtf eP÷gePsf] • ;+sng ePsf] ;'gfv/Lsf] hDdf kl/df0fM ============ls= u|f= • 5f]8k"hL{ ePsf] ;'gfv/Lsf] hDdf kl/df0f / k|fKt /fhZj ljj/0fM ====ls= u|f=, ?= ======= • 3f6u2Ldf /x]sf] ;'gfv/Lsf]] hDdf kl/df0fM ===========ls= u|f= • ;'gfv/L ;+/If0f Pj+ ;Djw{g ug{ 5'§ofO{Psf] jg If]qsf] If]qkmnM========== • ;'gfv/L ;+/If0f Pj+ ;Djw{g ug{ 5'§ofO{Psf] jg If]qsf] ;du| u'0f:t/M

clt pQd, pQd ;fdfGo / Go"g • :jLs[t k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f÷jftfj/0f k|efj d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf / cGo

tf]lsPsf zt{x? adf]lhd sfo{ gePsf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0fM • ;du|df ;'gfv/L ;+sng, 9'jfgL / 3f6u2L, lgsf;L nufot sfo{x? lgoldt ?kdf eP

÷gePsf] • s]xL /fo ;'emfjx? eP pNN]v ug]{M

pBf]u jf ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lh= j=sf sf] tkm{af6 cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] lgsfosf] tkm{af6 /f]xj/df a:g] sd{rf/Lsf] /f]xj/df a:g] k|ltlglw÷sd{rf/Lsf]

gfdM gfdM gfdM bhf{M bhf{M bhf{M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M

ldltM ldltM ldltM

15

cg';"rL– ^

-bkmf !^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

;'gfv/L ;+sng sfo{df v6fO{Psf ;Dk"{0f sfdbf/ nufotsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tLg k':t] ljj/0f kmf/fd

cf= j= ====

pBf]u jf ;'gfv/L ;+sng ug]{ lgsfosf] gfdM / 7]ufgfM =======================================

lhNnfM ============= /]~hkf]i6M =========3f6u2L :yfgM =========== jgsf] gfdM =============== jg v08sf] gfd / g+========== ldltM============

l;= g+= sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, y/

bhf{ pd]/ lnË afa'sf] gfd, y/

afh]sf] gfd, y/

:yfoL 7]ufgf

x:tfIf/

;'k/efO{h/sf] gfdM ======== Joj:yfkssf] gfdM==========

x:tfIf/M ======= x:tfIf/M=======

ldltM===== ldltM ===========

16

cg';"rL– &

-bkmf !^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ kl/ro—kq

cg';"rL–*

k= kq g+= ==== =========================== O08li6«h -k|f=_ ln= ==================================

kl/ro —kq gfdM =========================================== 7]ufgfM ======================================== bhf{M =========================================== hf/L u/]sf] ldltM ========================== ================================ =========================== k|df0fkq lng]sf] b:tvtM k|dfl0ft ug]{sf] b:tvtM

kmf]6f]

gljs/0f

b]lv ;Dd gljs/0f ug]{sf] ;xL

17

cg';"rL– *

-bkmf !^ sf] pkbkmf -%_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ jg ljefuaf6 lbOg] cg'dlt kqsf] gd"gf

18

cg';"rL– (

;'gfv/Lsf] ;"rL

1. Acampe papillosa (Lindl.) Lindl

2. Coelogyne cristata Lindl.

3. C. Flavids Hook. Fil. Wall. ex.

4. Coelogyne species

5. Dendrobium amoenum Wall. Ex Lindl.

6. D. Aphyllum (Roxb.) C. E. C. Fisch

7. D. bicameratum Lindl.

8. D. candidum Wall. ex Lindl.

9. D. chrysanthum Wall. ex. Lindl.

10. D. crepidiatum Lindl.

11. D. denudans D. Don

12. D. eriiflorum Grieff.

13. D. fimbriatum Hook.

14. D. lancilabius Seidenf.

15. D. longicorne Lindl.

16. D. primulinum Lindl.

17. D. pulchellum Roxb. Ex Lindl.

18. D. transparens Wall. ex Lindl.

19. D. nobile

20. Otochilus lancilabius Seidenf.

21. Otochilus species