get your applicator's license 2: formulations & pests
TRANSCRIPT
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Pesticides & Common Structural Pests
By Morgan Nilsen
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We continue on the road of study
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You gain new experience daily.What's something you learned this week?
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We are expected to know about chemistry and even entomology!
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We want to have an understandingto be ready for the exam
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KNOW WHAT
YOU NEED TO KNOW
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KNOW WHAT
YOU NEED TO KNOW
1.Control
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KNOW WHAT
YOU NEED TO KNOW
1.Control
2. ID
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KNOW WHAT
YOU NEED TO KNOW
1.Control
2. ID
3. Don't Trip Up
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You need to know control methods
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You need to know control methods
Like what?
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You need to know control methods
Like pesticides, yes, but also … Sanitation, exclusion, education, etc.
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Let's start with the general concepts
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Let's start with IPM and examplesof non-chemical control
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Let's start with IPM and examplesof non-chemical control
Mechanical: examples are door sweeps, caulking cracks and crevices.
Cultural: changing human behavior, like putting food in sealable containers, picking up trash and doing dirty dishes.
Biological: pests have natural predators like aphids are eaten by ladybugs. Let natural predators do the work.
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Pesticides are used as a last resort but what are they exactly?
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Pesticides are used as a last resort but what are they exactly?
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Chemical familiesare categorized by target pest
Target pest + ICIDE = ?
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Chemical familiesare categorized by target pest
Insecticide = kills insectsacaracides/miticides = kills spiders/mites
rodentacide fungacide
avicide (birds) herbicide
nematicides (roundworms)
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Categorizing pesticides can be confusing business
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Categorizing pesticides can be confusing business
- By the target pest - By their chemical structure- By the application method- Or by their Mode of Action (by molting, IGRs, nervous system)
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Here are the 5 most commonchemical groups of insecticides
Groups: Examples:
Botanicals Pyrethrins (from chrysanthemums)
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons DDT
Organic Phosphates Malathion
Carbamates Carbaryl
Minerals Borax
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Common Pesticide Formulations
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Another way of categorizing pesticides is Mode of Action
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Another way of categorizing pesticides is Mode of Action
Example: Insect Growth Regulator IGRs - stops the production of Chitin (molting)
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Now let's look at all the types of equipment we can use
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(1) Tank (2 gal)(2) Siphon tube(3) Adapter - hose(4A) Tank Top(4D) Tank bottom(5) Tip holder(6) Hose - 4 ft. red(7) Hose washer(8) Pump Handle(9) Pump Lock Spring(10) Pump Cap(11) Plunger rod(12) Back plate(13) Polypropylene cup(14) Cup spreader plate(15) Lock Washer(16) Plunger nut(17) Pump Gasket(18) Pump tube - 1/2 Gallon(19) Check Valve
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Know about pests
? ? ?
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Know about pests
But what is a pest? A destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food, livestock, etc.
In fact, anything that competes with humansfor food and fiber, or attacks us directly, may be defined as pests.
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And now for a little biology
Life Animals
Fungi
PlantsVertebrates
InvertebratesArthropods
Man
Rodents
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Know the characteristics of arthropods
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Know the characteristics of arthropods
- jointed appendages - segmented body- exoskeletons- open circulatory system- heart located on dorsal side (back)- nervous located on the front (the opposite of vertebrates)
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Let's list some characteristics of insects
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Let's list some characteristics of insects
The three parts of an insect: Head, thorax, abdomen (in correct order)
Types of mouthparts: chewing, rasping-sucking, piercing-sucking, sponging, siphoning, and chewing-lapping.
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Let's talk life cycles and metamorphosis
Gradual Complete
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Let's review the needs of pestsFood, water, harborage sites, and entry points
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Let's review the needs of pests
Examples of food sources- human food or trash- debris on the floor- unsealed food containers- grease traps
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Let's review the needs of pests
Examples of water sources- leaky pipes- overwatered plants- drains- host
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Shelter is also know as harborage
Examples of harborage sites- secluded areas- cracks and crevices- gaps in the baseboard- behind cabinets- clutter
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Entry points may be structural deficiencies
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Finally! Let's talk about some pests
The test will include questions about specific insects and pests.
Unfortunately, the test changes so there is no guarantee you will see any specific pest on the test.
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5 most common pests:
AntsTermites
Mice Rats
Cockroaches
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The test has a specific focus on Non-termite wood-destroying pests
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Don't trip up on the test!
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LD50 will certainly be on the test
What is it? Lethal dose to 50% of the population (research done on rats)measurement = mg / kg of body weight
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LD 50 is a ratio mg of poison / kg of body weight
Ratio's are tricky!So the smaller the LD50 number is, the MORE toxic it is
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Examples
Most dangerous compound: Botulinum LD50 (0.000009) = 9 ng / kg Cyanide LD50 (6.8)
Comparing:Atrazine herbicide LD50 (3000)Caffeine LD50 (200)So it would take 15 more times atrazine to kill you than caffeine
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Know your Minimal Exposure Pesticides (MEPs)
Make sure your body is exposed to these as little as possible.They can hurt you in ways you may not notice right away.
Bromoxynil (buctril, bronate): effects pregnant women and child (could bring the pesticide home)
Metasystox-r and Injectacide: kills mites. Exposed to a little bit and will effect your ability to have children (aka oxydemeton-methyl)
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MATH
Proper mixing and application of pesticides can be accomplished by
understanding proportionsfractionspercentages
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Area = height x width
50
100
?
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A proportion is a ratio
A
B
C
D=
1
2
4
8=
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Converting units will be on the test
Math conversions (gallons = quarts, cups to ounces, feet to yards, etc.)
3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon 2 tablespoons = 1 fluid ounce = 6 teaspoons 4 tablespoons = 12 teaspoons = 1/4 cup = 2 fluid ounces 1 cup = 16 tablespoons = 8 fluid ounces 2 cups = 32 tablespoons = 1 pint = 16 fluid ounces 2 pints = 64 tablespoons = 1 quart = 4 level cups 4 quarts = 8 pints = 1 gallon = 16 cups 16 ounces = 1 pound 6 tablespoons (level) = approx. 1 oz. of dry weight (for WP only)
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Converting units will be on the test
Example:
The label indicates that 2 lbs. of granular insecticide are to be applied per 1,000 sq. ft. How much do you need to apply to an area that is 5,000 sq. ft.?
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Converting units will be on the test
Example:
The label indicates that 2 lbs. of granular insecticide are to be applied per 1,000 sq. ft. How much do you need to apply to an area that is 5,000 sq. ft.?
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So we've worn a few hats today
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Remember to keep studying